COVERAGE FOR SEMI FINAL AND FINAL EXAMINATION

TRAFFIC SAFETY EDUCATION

 Imparting knowledge concerning traffic safety.

 Training and practice in the actual application of traffic
safety.
 Developing traffic safety morality.

ELEMENTARY EDUCATION:

 Safety courses and guides stressing traffic safety.

 Daily instruction stressing community priority.
 Classroom discussion of accidents, incidents and safety
rules involving students.
 Have students observe and discuss these in the
classroom.
 Use pictorial aids and graphic aids such as films, charts,
diagrams, slides, maps etc.
 Organize school newspaper.
 Promotes safety through - field trips, excursion and
bicycle club.
 Organize school safety patrol.
 Organize pupil safety groups.
 Oragnize school, community, parents group.

SECONDARY EDUCATION:

 The students are now reaching the age to drive and this
is the time to develop driving habits.
 Initiate driver education programs.
 Organize school safety patrol.
 School safety organizations.
 Established newspapers in the school system.
 Use pictorial and graphic aids.
 School community and parents group.

HIGHER EDUCATION

 Offer and conduct courses to private and public agencies

and persons, stressing traffic safety subjects.
 Conduct public information programs.

DRIVER’S EDUCATION
- aims primarily to teach the rudiments of driving

4 basic types of Instruction Methods:

Comprehensive – placing the student into real life of driving

situations from the beginning
Traditional Instruction – depends on instructor-student
 communication
Commentary Driving method – student-driver accompanied by
instructor
Simulated Conditions – on and off the road training

BIORHYTHM
- theory that asserts that man exhibits constant variation of life
energy and mood states.

The 23 days cycle is known as our “ Cycle of strength, endurance and

courage” (the male component of a person.) The 28 days emotional cycle
(equal to a girl’s 28 day menstrual cycle.) is also known as the
“Cycle of sensitivity, love and intuition” the female component of a person.

HIGH – curve is above the center line

Physical High – energetic, strong, full of vitality

Emotional High – creative, artistic, cheerful and happy
Intellectual High – able to think quickly and logically

LOW – curve is below the center line

Physical low – tire quickly and succumb easily to illness

Emotionally low – moody, irritable, or depressed
Intellectual low – poor remembering or concentrating

LEGAL SYSTEM FOR TRAFFIC SAFETY

LICENSING SYSTEM
-it is the system of issuing license to any person who is
qualified to fulfill the responsibilities required by the
license.
-administered by the LTO

DRIVER’S LICENSE
issued to the drivers as privilege granted by the government
providing statutory qualification

LICENSING PROCEDURE

REQUISITES FOR ISSUANCE OF LICENSE

At least 16 years old for student’s permit
17 years old for sub-professional
18 years old for professional

KINDS OF DRIVER’S LICENSE

1. Student permit
2. Non-professional
3. Professional
4. Military
5. International
RESTRICTION CODE
1. Restriction Code No 1 - limited to drive motor motorcycles
2. Restriction Code No 2 - limited to drive vehicle weighing not
more than 4500 kg
3. Restriction Code No 3 - limited to drive vehicles weighing
more than 4500 kg
4. Restriction Code No 4 - limited to drive weighing 4500 kg
and with automatic transmission only
5. Restriction Code No 5 - limited to drive vehicle with
automatic clutch and weighing more than 4500 kg

DRIVER
-Licensed operator of a vehicle.

DUITES OF DRIVER IN CASE OF ACCIDENTS

1. Stop immediately.
2. Show the license to the victim and give the true name, address
and contact number.
3. Driver is not allowed to leave the scene without aiding the victim.

EXCEPTIONS TO THE PRECEEDING TOPIC

1. If he is in imminent danger of being seriously harmed by reason
of accident;
2. If he reports the accident to the nearest police station; and
3. If he has summoned the physician or nurse to aid the victim.

CONDUCTOR
Licensed person allowing limited number of passengers, freight or
cargo in public utility truck or buses

TEN COMMANDEMENTS OF TRAFFIC

1. KEEP RIGHT - (two lanes, two ways) in case of one way the
left lane shall be the fast lane and the slow lane is the right.
2. OBSERVE ROAD COURTESY- yield to emergency vehicle,
pedestrians, trains, vehicle with right of way, vehicles ahead,
large vehicles, uphill traffic, vehicles with momentum,
straight traffic, and traffic signs.

Emergency Vehicles:
1. Vehicle with physician
2. Ambulance on emergency call
3. Vehicle with wounded or sick person
4. AFP/ PNP vehicle on official call
5. Vehicle in pursuit of criminals
6. A police or fire on call
 RIGHT OF WAY RULE

- the right to proceed ahead of another vehicle or pedestrian

1. Intersection- when two or more vehicle is entering an intersection the one

on the left will give way to the right vehicle.
2. Pedestrian- drivers should yield to pedestrian crossing except at
intersection whereas the movement of vehicles is regulated by a police
officer.
3. Through highway/ railroad crossing- the driver shall bring to a full stop
before traversing to an intersection. If there is no hazard the driver may
slowdown to 5mph.
4. Police /emergency vehicle- all drivers should yield to emergency to
emergency vehicle except as directed by traffic enforcer. Fire trucks are
accepted to speed limit but they are prohibited to have unnecessary
speed.
5. From private road to highway- vehicle from private road must yield to that
on a highway.

3.PROHIBITED PARKING
Places where parking is prohibited:
1. Near an intersection
2. Crosswalk/ pedestrian lane
3. Within 6 meters from drive way of any response installation, fire hydrant and
private roads
4. Double parking
5. Sidewalks, alleys, foot of the bridge
6. Places wherein official signs are posted

4. WHEN IN DOUBT, DO NOT OVERTAKE.

- overtaking lane is the lane to the left of overtaken vehicle going in the same
direction, overtaken vehicle is the privileged vehicle

CONSIDER THESE IF YOU OVERTAKE:

1. Signal the intention.
2. Make sure that the overtaking lane is clear and free of oncoming
vehicle for sufficient distance to facilitate proper overtake.
3. Maneuver at own risk, the vehicle being overtaken is the privileged
vehicle. Drivers keep his lane, maintain speed and yield to overtaking
vehicle.
4. He shall increase his speed until the overtaken vehicle has cleared
the way
5. In a two lanes, on a divided roadway, they may use either of the
lanes.
6. In an expressway with fast and slow lanes, on a divided roadway,
they may use either of the lanes.
7. Overtaking is prohibited at crest of a grade curve, railway crossing, at
the intersection and between construction and caution.
 5.THE BUS STOP RULE

1. The buses queue up in a single file in their order arrival.

2. Lead bus moving toward the center of column of busses lining on the bus
stop zone, and remain until zone is filled with busses, but longer than three
minutes.

6.RULE TO PREVENT OR UNTANGLE TRAFFIC JAMS

Keep lanes and intersection open in heavy and slow traffic to avoid
overtaking. In a construction, vehicles should merge alternately.

7.OBSERVE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT MEASURES

Observe and obey traffic notices sign like notices and pavement markings.

8. THE PHILOSOPHY OF PINOY DRIVER

Motorist should observe equity of the lead vehicle, doctrine of the last clear
chance on rotunda drive.

9. ON PEDESTRIAN
Keep off the roadway except when crossing on crosswalk. Wait embark and
alight at bus or jeepney stop.

10.REMEMBER THE INTERNATIONAL SAFETY REMINDER- “SAFETY

FIRST”

TRAFFIC LAW ENFORCEMENT

-the action taken by the police to compel obedience to traffic laws and
ordinance regulating the use and movement of motor vehicle for the purpose
of creating a deterrent to unlawful behavior by all potential violators.

REGULATORY AGENCIES AND ITS HISTORY

On February 6, 1912, Legislative Act No. 2159 was enacted to

regulate motor vehicles in the Philippine Islands and to provide fro the
regulation and licensing of operators. This was the first formal law on land
transportation. Later on, Legislative Act 2159 was amended by 2256, 2389,
2587, 2639 and 2925.
On January 01, 1933, Act No. 3992 otherwise known as the “Revised
Motor Vehicle Law” was enacted amending Act No. 3045. The Automobile
Division was renamed Division of Motor Vehicles. Act No. 3992 was amended
by Commonwealth act nos. 123, 548, 556, 652, and Republic Act No. 314,
587, and 2383.
On June 2, 1945, Department order no. 4 was issued by the
Department of Public Works and Highways reorganizing the Division.
 In 1947, E.O no. 94 was promulgated reorganizing the different
executive departments, bureaus and offices. Under section 82 of this E.O.,
the Division of Motor Vehicles was upgraded into the Motor Vehicles Office
(MVO) with the category of Bureau.
On June 20, 1946, R.A. No. 4136, otherwise known as the “Land
Transportation and Traffic Code” was enacted abolishing the Motor Vehicle
Office and creating the Land Transportation Commission. This law likewise
partially repealed Act No. 3992.
On July 23, 1979, E.O. No. 546 was promulgated creating the Ministry
of Transportation and Communications (MOTC).The Land Transportation
Commissioned was renamed as the Bureau of Land Transportation and was
absorbed by MOTC.
On January 30, 1987, the Land Transportation Commission was
abolished and two offices were created, namely: Land Transportation Office
(LTO) and the Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board
(LTFRB). The MOTC was likewise renamed as the Department of
Transportation and Communications (DOTC). All these changes took effect
with the promulgation of E.O No. 125 which was later on amended by E.O.
No. 125-A dated April 13, 1987 and 226 dated July 25, 1987.

TRAFFIC LAW ENFORCER

-a person duly deputized by an agency of government authorized by
law to enforce traffic laws, rules and regulations.

ELEMENTS IN THE TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENT SYSTEM

A. ENFORCEMENT SYSTEM
- Legislation
- Police, Court and Penalties

Road User System Includes:

-Pedestrian
-Pedal Cyclists
-Drivers
-Passengers
Categories of Road Users:
-Knowledge
-Skill
-Attitude
-Characteristics such as:
1. Age
2. Sex
3. Health
4. Road Experience

B. TRAFFIC SYSTEM
 Is the combination of the entire road network and total number of
vehicles.

PRESIDENTIAL DECREES:

1. PD. No. 96 - regulating the use of sirens, bells, horns and etc. By
prohibiting the attachment of any siren, horn, bell, etc., on motor
vehicles which produce unusual or starting sounds as well as
blinkers and other similar devices unless the vehicle belongs to the
AFP, NBI, LTC, Police, Hospitals, Fire Departments.
2. PD No. 101 - expediting the methods of prescribing, redefining or
modifying the lines and modes of operations of public utility motor
vehicles in the Phil.
3. PD. No. 207 - declaring as part of the laws of the Phil. in Vienna
Convention on Road Traffic, Signals and Signs.
4. PD. No. 612 - requiring compulsory insurance for all types of motor
vehicles against the third party liability as an additional pre -
requisite for registration by the LTO.

LETTERS OF INSTRUCTION:

1. LOI No. 43 - providing for the removal of all impediments on roads,

streets and highways such as constructions, stalled or parked
vehicles and other movable property that obstruct free passage.
2. LOI No. 112 - prohibiting freight and cargo trucks from using roads,
highways and bridges whose load capacities are in excess of
specific allowable limits.
3. LOI No. 229 - requiring all motor vehicle owners, users, or drivers
to have their possession at all times while driving at least one pair
of early warning device for use when the vehicle is disabled on
roads, streets and highways.

ADMINISTRATIVE ORDERS:

1. Administrative Order No. 8, S-1968, LTC - requiring the towing

and impounding of stalled motor vehicles on public highways and
the imposition of corresponding fees thereof.
2. Administrative Order No. 1, S-1973, LTC - prescribing guidelines
and procedures in the implementation of PD No. 96.
3. Administrative Order No. 1, S-1975, LTC - laying down specific
rules of action in the imposition of uniform fines and penalties for
violation of the provisions of RA 4136.
4. Special Order No. 101-IRM, LTC - enumerating and identifying
various city streets where parking is prohibited.
5. PC Directive PCC 0622-143 - directing the issuance of summons
to violators by traffic enforcers in lieu of the confiscation of vehicles
plates for violations of illegal parking along national highways.
 MEMORANDUM CIRCULARS:

a) LTC Memorandum to all Patrol Officers, Deputies and agents dated

9 August 1975 - directing that motor vehicles whose loads are rice,
cereals, fertilizers and other prime commodities are not to be
apprehended and stopped on roads and highways except only in
cases of serious violations.
b) Joint Memorandum of the LTC and NAPOLCOM dated January,
1971 - regulating the issuance, use of and accountability for LTC
form No.21 and prescribing the manner of designating the units who
are to use them.
c) LTC Memorandum Circular No. 33, dated 12 September, 1972. -
Providing guidelines in the apprehension of illegally parked motor
vehicles.
d) LTC Circular No. 15, dated 12 August, 1972 - Regulating and laying
instructions in the use of Special Commemorative Motor Vehicle
Plates.
e) LTC Memorandum Circular No. 31, dated 19 January, 1962 - Citing
opinion No. 252 of the Department of Justice, series of 1961,
empowering the impounding of motor vehicles that are unregistered
or found operated on the public highways with a current plate
number assigned or issued to another unit.

OTHER LEGAL BASIS FOR THE EXERCISE OF AUTHORITY

C.A. No. 146 - Public Service Law (law for hire MVs)
R.A No. 6539 - Anti-Carnapping Law
R.A. No. 8749 - Clean Air Act of 1999
R.A. No. 8750 - Seat Belt Law
R.A. No. 8794 - An act imposing a motor vehicle user’s change on
owners of all types of motor vehicles and for other purposes.
D.O. No. 93-693 - revised schedule of administrative fees and
charges of LTO.

FUNCTION AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF TRAFFIC LAW EMFORCEMENT

(AGENCY)

1. Regulate cross flow (intersection)

2. Control turning movements
3. Coordinate vehicle movements
4. Detour traffic
5. Supervise signal obedience
6. Protect Pedestrians
 FUNCTIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF TRAFFIC LAW ENFORCERS
(agent, authority)

1. Restrain pedestrians
2. Prevent illegal parking
3. Provide for the safety passage of emergency vehicles
4. Assist people in seeking information
5. Handle accidents
6. Carry out general police work within your area of responsibility

SOME ENFORCEMENT ACTIONS

1. Warning/Reprimand
2. Issuance of TCT (Traffic Citation Ticket)
3. Confiscation of License/for revocation/suspension
4. Apprehension/Arrest
5. Forced Schooling

ACTIVITIES INVOLVED IN THE ATTAINMENT OF THE OBJECTIVES OF

TRAFFIC LAW ENFORCEMENT

1. Preventive Activities - mobile patrols plough through major

thoroughfares and attend to traffic accidents and problems. They investigate
accidents, remove obstructions of any form and insure traffic flow.
2. Persuasive Activities - oral or written warnings of visible patrols.
3. Punitive Activities - violators of traffic laws are given sanctions.

KINDS OF ENFORCEMENT ACTION

A. TRAFFIC ARREST - is an enforcement action which consists of

taking a person into custody for the purpose of holding or detaining him to
answer for a law violation charge before a court.

Arrest is made when the:

1. Offense committed is serious
2. Detention is necessary to avoid continued violation
3. There is reasonable doubt that the violator will voluntarily appear in
court.

B. TRAFFIC CITATION - Is a means having violators appear in court

without physical arrest. This is an efficient system since majority of
violators with minor offenses are punished immediately by paying fines at an
administrative body without having to appear in court.

C. TRAFFIC WARNING - Is an enforcement action which does not

contemplate possible assessment of penalty by the court or
otherwise as a result of warning alone.
KINDS OF TRAFFIC WARNING

1. Visual Warning
2. Verbal Warning
3. Written Warning

HIT AND RUN - Evading responsibility

RECKLESS DRIVING - Is primarily dangerous drivers conduct and
attitude which indicate a lack of concern.

Sec. 48 of RA 4136 - No person shall operate a motor vehicle on

any highway recklessly or without reasonable caution
considering the width, traffic, grades, crossing, curvatures,
visibility and other conditions of the highways and the conditions
of the atmosphere and whether or so as to endanger the property
of the safety or rights of any person or so as to cause excessive
or reasonable damage to the highway.

TRAFFIC PATROL
Consist of driving or walking here and there in an area or to and from
road for the purpose of traffic law enforcement and to provide traffic
connected services to the public.

TYPES OF TRAFFIC PATROL

A. Line Patrol
B. Area Patrol
C. Stationary
D. Conspicuos/Strategic
E. Visible
F. Concealed

PURSUIT DRIVING
 Decision - type and seriousness of violation is an important factor to
pursue .
 Pursuit technique
 Safety Driving Pursuit

Stopping and Approaching Violator

1. Stopping a violator must be done in safety to you, the driver you

stopped, to other drivers and pedestrians.
2. Approach the violator preferably on the left side from the rear side
and be alert for the unexpected.

Objectives to detect or inspect:

1. Faulty vehicle equipment

2. Registration and Licensing violation
 3. Intoxicated drdivers
4. The load or cargo of commercial or transportation vehicle for load
weight.

Three Kinds of Offenses:

1. Simple traffic law offenses - Ex. Overloading, Oversize, etc.

2. Complex traffic law offenses - Ex. Reckless Driving
3. Non-Traffic offense - Ex. Vehicle theft

Three Main Things An Officer Will do In Traffic Direction

1. Answer inquiries, especially on local regulation.

2. Expedite traffic flow
3. Make emergency rules for flows of traffic.
4. Directing Traffic requires special techniques and standardized
signals and gesture.

TRAFFIC OFFICERS HAVE OTHER DUTIES TOO

1. Take care of the injured

2. Put out a fire
3. See that nothing is stolen
4. Have the street cleared of wrecks
5. Take statement from drivers or witnesses
6. Protect the evidences, such as skid marks and damaged cars.

In requesting for the drivers license and vehicle registration certificate,

observe the following suggested prodedures:

a. Do not put your head or arms in the car window.

b. While waiting for the license, ask the driver, “What is your name
Sir?”
c. Never accept anything other than the papers requested.
d. Ask that the papers being requested be removed from the billfold or
other container.
e. Have the driver hand the requested papers to you outside the
window.
f. Establish the identity of the driver and check the entries of both
license and registration papers for any possible fraud, or false
identities or falsification.
g. Do not return drivers license and vehicle registration until you are
about to terminate the interview.
In terminating your contact with your violator, observe the following:
a) Explain to the driver what action must be take.
b) Tell him where and when he must appear.
c) Don’t discuss probable bail or probable penalties with the violator.
 d) Avoid any naughty suggestion that he should engage in the
services of a counsel for how he should plead
e) When you are certain that the driver understands what he should
do, close the interview by:
1. Thanking the driver for his cooperation
2. Explaining how he may avoid further difficulty.

SIGNALLING AIDS
The whistle is used to get the attention of drivers and pedestrians. It is
used as follows:
1. One long blast with a STOP signal
2. Two short blast with GO signal
3. General short blast to get the attention of a driver or pedestrian
who does not respond to a given signal. Be judicious in the use of
your whistle at all times.

Normally directing traffic is needed at:

A. Accident scene
B. Emergencies
C. Planned special events
D. Regular point and intersection control
E. Directing pedestrian movement