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    Gavin Muhammad
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    This document discusses the etiology, pathophysiology, types, clinical features, and diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). It notes that MS has both environmental and genetic risk factors and is believed to be an autoimmune condition where the body's immune system attacks the central nervous system. The two main types discussed are relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), which affects around 90% of patients, and secondary progressive MS. Key clinical features mentioned include optic neuritis, pseudobullbar palsy, visual acuity problems, and symptoms involving other areas of the central nervous system. The document lists MRI of the brain and spinal cord with and without contrast as the primary diagnostic test, along with visual evoked potentials

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    This document discusses the etiology, pathophysiology, types, clinical features, and diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). It notes that MS has both environmental and genetic risk factors and is believed to be an autoimmune condition where the body's immune system attacks the central nervous system. The two main types discussed are relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), which affects around 90% of patients, and secondary progressive MS. Key clinical features mentioned include optic neuritis, pseudobullbar palsy, visual acuity problems, and symptoms involving other areas of the central nervous system. The document lists MRI of the brain and spinal cord with and without contrast as the primary diagnostic test, along with visual evoked potentials

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    20 views1 page

    Multee

    Uploaded by

    Gavin Muhammad
    This document discusses the etiology, pathophysiology, types, clinical features, and diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). It notes that MS has both environmental and genetic risk factors and is believed to be an autoimmune condition where the body's immune system attacks the central nervous system. The two main types discussed are relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), which affects around 90% of patients, and secondary progressive MS. Key clinical features mentioned include optic neuritis, pseudobullbar palsy, visual acuity problems, and symptoms involving other areas of the central nervous system. The document lists MRI of the brain and spinal cord with and without contrast as the primary diagnostic test, along with visual evoked potentials

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 1

    Etiology and Pathophysiology Types of M.S.

    Clinical Features Diagnosis


    1st Line: MRI of brain/spinal cord 2nd Line: Visual Evoked Potentials
    Environmental + Genetic Antigen Optic Neuritis Pseudobullbar Palsy w/wo contrast

    @
    Relapsing C.B.T.
    Nt i*:¥•••
    -

    Disability Remitting
    Periventricular
    .

    APC ap’s
    M.S. effs

    v chewing ,, , ,
    • •

    (RRMS)
    •

    Gfs
    Visual Acuity ,,
    jaw jerk reflex
    Matter - - " "
    ☒ ☒

    (90%) Color Blindness or -

    vii absent facial Brain Stem Conduction Velocity


    •
    EBV •
    HLA DR-2 R.A.P.D. abnormalities expressions
    * :
    •
    HHV-6 .
    XX (Female) iv / x / xi dysphasia
    20-40 y/o
    MHC-11 Time "Marcus Gunn Pupil" Extra
    Vitamin D dysphonia Spinal Cord
    cd 4+ Test(s): Lumbar Puncture
    xii spastic tongue
    §
    *
    dysarthria Cerebellum
    TCR T1 : Dark IgG Ab’s
    HMM
    "

    = "Oligoclonal
    myelin basic Bonding"
    High Order T2 : Bright IgG *qmµ
    protein If Secondary Bilateral I.N.O. Centers
    th Disability Progressive Pleocytosis
    M.S. Contrast: Acute Lesions m?m?
    (SPMS) Mtwara Mm••aa• Memory/Depression
    µMµasMMM µhmµasBMM Highlight

    4 chemotaxis
    Time PD PD iii
    iBooks Lhermittes
    Treatment
    • • iv ÷?=gg Sign
    Supportive
    + 5 r. l. Acute Treatment (visual Prevention
    Fo
    '
    !!
    ifn-y
    m.l.f m.l.f weakness) Treatment
    1. 1
    • •
    vi ap’s Uhtoff’s 1st Line: Dose Corticosteroids th
    IFN-B
    v.n. v.n. Ataxia µ
    [ :•*¥
    mom Phenomenon N
    2. Primary intension temperature reversible
    + Vasodilation
    capillary
    Disability Progressive :q÷•E•^•%q÷÷ Glatramer
    2
    permeability tremor IFN- s
    G
    3 M.S. IL-1
    ,
    Acetate
    (PPMS)
    •

    IL-6
    3. Trec. RIGHT TNF- a b cells plasma cells
    Spasticity Ocrelizumab
    Imagawa Mtwara
    IL-10 Time army gMµamBB•
    IL-1 TGF-B nystagmus Dorsal Column Sensations
    IL-6 minimal nystagmus
    TNF- a IFN- y 6 Production healing LEFT Charcot’s dysarthria 2nd Line: Plasmapheresis
    plasma cells Ataxia Triad intention Natalizumab
    Mtwara Emmi tremors
    7 Macrophages µMµasBMM iii. plasma
    Phagocytosis nystagmus ÷:
    UMN Lesion Paresthesias
    *
    Progressive -weakness
    + CONVERGE
    '

    Relapsing Bfg
    Plaques Disability M.S.
    - tone
    (Sclera)
    (PRMS)
    own
    BHIM 1Aµµ• - dtr’s ÷

    *r%.••-•µ,• Oligodendrocyres
    Ñ•h}
    Mar
    - + babinskis
    .

    Bags •_
    "

    Depression
    *

    Time BILATERAL EXOTROPIA ANS Intervention


    pain/temp/ u. incontinence/
    sina.io?Ys g.: agm*•.÷••,: crude touch/ retention
    pressure sensations fecal incontinence

    Neuro Pathology | Multiple Sclerosis ☒ '

    ay

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