CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

According to researchers Colleges and Universities provides better plan for college

student to test their ability and strength. Every student wants to be a successful in their own field

of specialization. Retention policy is a program where in every student should and have to

experience and undergo with while he is in the college. It is a program which can open the mind

of every student to become more responsible in academics. Retention policy will promote high

possibility of grooming board topnotchers. The University has an open admission-selective

retention policy in recognition of the basic right of students to education. Each college has

specific retention policies.

Retention is staying in school until completion of a degree and dropping out is leaving

school prematurely. It seems simplistic that retention and dropout are just purely opposites.

However, more than three decades ago, Alexander Astin identified the dropout concept as a

problem in his book predicting Academic Performance in College (1971). According to Astin; in

a review of the literature on retention Holmes found that the studies which showed positive

effects of retention were usually those in relatively advantaged districts, and sometimes when the

retained students received special remediation (Holmes, 1989). Grissom and Shepard concluded

that retained students were 30% more likely to drop out of school, even after adjusting for

achievement level and other factors. Retention should be resorted to only if other intervention

had failed and if the teacher genuinely felt that retention was the best course for the student

(Easton and Storey, 1990).

The earliest studies of undergraduate retention in the United States occurred in the 1930s

and focused on what was referred to at the time as student mortality: the failure of students to

graduate (Berger & Lyon, 2005).

The study of higher education as a whole and undergraduate retention as a subfield began

developing between the 1930s and 1950s, but it was not until the 1960s when multiple
publications such as Gekoski and Schwartz’s (1961) “Student Mortality and Related Factors”in

the Journal of Educational Research, Panos and Astin’s (1968) article “Attrition Among College

Students,” and Feldman and Newcomb’s (1969) book The Impact of College on Students that

the study of undergraduate retention began to take shape Much of the retention literature of the

1990s focuses on encouraging retention for students of color, underrepresented populations and

individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds. Many studies focused on how institutions can

embrace diversity and promote multiculturalism within campus cultures to encourage student

retention (Swail, 2004). During the 1990s, Tinto continued to publish and revise his student

integration model. Tinto (1993) students with high financial need also have other characteristics,

such as being a first generation college student or having less rigorous high school preparation,

putting them at high risk for being retained (Retention Study Group, 2004).Minority students and

students from low-income families are generally more likely to be retained if their financial aid

package consists of grants as opposed to loans (Swail, 2004). When students have unmet need (a

balance remaining after institutional and family contributions) they tend to register for part-time

studies, work excessively or live off-campus which has a negative influence on retention (Tinto).

Bachelor of Science in Criminology attached in the Department of Social Science which

is the ultimate source of producing high percentage of board passer in Criminology Licensure

Examination in the pass years in Isabela State University Cabagan Campus (ISUC). In

connection on the retention policy, students are more likely to stay in the program until

graduation because they are complied the retention policy provided by the faithful and patient

criminology professors and advisers. Student who retained in the program until graduation can

be more successful compare to those students who fail to follow the standard policy of the

criminology program. Retention policy is a program on which students must be aware on the

consequence of their action. Student can be retained in the program with the guide of retention

policy and also with the help of teachers and professors on the life of the student while he is

under the course program.

In Isabela State University Cabagan, Campus, College of Development Communication

and Arts and Sciences, Department of Social Sciences in Criminology Program’s Admission and
Retention Policy. In Admission Policy, student must have a General Weighted Average of 85%

or above from secondary level and must have a negative drug test result issued by government

authorized drug testing center. In Retention Policy, student must not have a failing grade in any

of the major subjects with a cut-off grade of 2.5(80%) and a general average of 82% every end of

the semester. Entering third year must take the battery examination as a pre-requisite for

admission to the third year level. The student must obtain a passing mark/grade on the

comprehensive examination as a requirement in the subject Seminar 1 & 2 as a basis in taking

the Licensure Examination for Criminologist.

On the other hand, complying of the retention policy would develop student’s autonomy

as they meet the set standard and they will exert more effort on their studies.

Therefore, this study will be conducted to determine if the 3rd year and 4th year BS

Criminology students enrolled at Isabela State University Cabagan Campus complying with the

retention policy.

Statement of the Problem

The study determines the compliance of 3rd year and 4th year BS Criminology students in

retention policy.

Specifically, it aimed to answer the following questions:

1.) What is the profile of respondent according to their demographic file in terms of:

1.1 Age

1.2 Gender

1.3 Civil Status

1.4 Year of stay in the program

2.) What is the level of compliance of the group of respondent in relation to retention policy

of the Criminology Program?

3.) Is there any significance difference between the demographic profiles in the level of the

compliance of two group of respondent?

Hypothesis

1.) There is no significant difference between the compliance of 3 rd year and 4th year BS

Criminology students in retention policy if grouped according to year level.

Scope and Delimitation

The study was conducted by 4th year BS Criminology student in DSS at ISU Cabagan

Campus in the school year 2015-2016. This study was focusing on the compliance of 3 rd year and

4th year BS Criminology student of ISUC in retention policy.

Significance of the Study

The results of this study can contribute meaningfully to the following:

Administrators- This study will provide a wide perspective for the school administrators

regarding the compliance of students in retention policy which can be used as a basis for them on

what appropriate action to be taken to better improve the services they offer.

Criminology Teachers- Knowing the compliance of students in retention policy will

help the teachers be notified of the current plight of student compliance. This will serve as an

eye-opener for teachers.

Student Leaders- this study will help the student leaders be aware of the status of their

fellows in order for them to craft a more effective and responsive dissemination strategy.

Researcher- results will help us to know if students complying in retention policy.

Moreover, the research process will mold us to grow intellectually as we learn new things in the

process.

Future Researchers- this will provide the future researchers an idea if students

complying in retention policy which can be used as a basis for further studies.

Definition of Terms
Academic Subject- is one where students receive core content credit: Art, music, dance and

drama/theater. Social studies: civics and government, history, geography, economics.

Admission- is the act of admitting or the privilege of being admitted.

Attrition- is a reduction in numbers as a result of resignation, retirement, or death.

College- is an institution of higher learning, especially one providing a general or liberal arts

education rather than technical or professional training.

Compliance- means conforming to a rule, such as a specification, policy, standard or law.

Regulatory compliance describes the goal that organizations aspire to achieve in their efforts to

ensure that they are aware of and take steps to comply with relevant laws and regulations.

Course- is the series of studies leading to graduation from college.

Diversity- is the condition of being diverse.

Drop-out- a student who withdraws from an institution before completing a course of

instruction.

Institution- is an established practice, law, or custom.

Integration- is to end the segregation of and bring into equal membership in society or an

organization.

Literature- is the production of written works having excellence of form or expression and

dealing with ideas of permanent interest.

Multicultural- is relating to, reflecting or adapted to diverse cultures.

Policy- is a deliberate system of principles to guide decisions and achieve rational outcomes.

Retention- is the continued possession, use, or control of something.

Specialization- is to change in an adaptive manner.

Undergraduate- is a student at a university or college who has not taken a first degree.