FAMILY STUDIES AND CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT

Relationship
- An emotional and sexual association between two people, or the way in which two or
more people are living connected.

Four types of relationship

1. Family relationship
2. Friend relationship
3. Acquaintance relationship, and
4. Romance relationship

Healthy Relationship
❖ Stranger
❖ Friendship
❖ Dating
❖ Courtship
❖ Private Understanding
❖ Going Steady
❖ Engagement
❖ Marriage

Choosing a Life Partner

Principle of Assortative Mating - when an individual consciously or unconsciously chooses a
partner who exhibits characteristics similar to his own.
Principle of Preferential Mating - when an individual selects a mate who exhibits
characteristics which he likes or considers desirable.

Principles of Automatic Factors

Consciousness of kind – one marries somebody who belongs to the same social status which
he belongs.
Residential propinquity – one marries a neighbor or one who lives nearby.
Occupational propinquity – one marries a person who works in the same place or who has
the same or allied profession.
Short time exposure – one marries a person he has known only for a short time and in whose
company, he has been thrown constantly.

Responsibility of a Partner in Life

❖ Food, clothing and shelter
❖ To belong and communication
❖ Education and other advancement
❖ Love and affection
❖ Praise and recognition
Marriage
- Marriage is relation of one or more men or one or more women which is recognized by
customs or law.

FOUR COMMON TYPES OF MARRIAGE

1. MONOGAMY - Universal type of marriage which almost exists in all societies, in such
one man marry with one woman.
❖ Straight monogamy refers to one man is married to one woman but in case of
spouse death or divorce either of them cannot marry again.
❖ Serial monogamy refers to one man is married to one woman but in case of
spouse death or divorce either of them can marry again.
2. POLYGAMY - Type of marriage where men can marry more than one woman at the
same time.
❖ Sororal - derived from Latin word “soror” which mean sisters. A man is married
with two sisters at the same time is called Sororal polygamy.
❖ Non-sororal polygamy - which a man is married to more than one woman but
wives are not blood related.
3. Polyandry - a type of polygamy in which one woman is married to more than one man.
❖ Fraternal polyandry married two or more than brothers take a single woman as
their wife.
❖ Non-fraternal polyandry which multiple man take one woman as their wife
however, man or husbands of a woman are not related with one another.
4. GROUP MARRIAGE - Type of marriage in which a group of women marry with a group
of men and all of them have common wives and husbands.

Six Different Family Types and Each has a Unique Family Dynamic By Patricia Oelze
NUCLEAR FAMILY - composed of husband and wife and their children in a union recognized
by other members of society.
EXTENDED FAMILY - Composed of two or more nuclear families, economically and socially
related to each other.
SINGLE PARENT - In this case the parent either never married, widowed or divorce and consist
of one parent with one or more kids.
CHILDLESS COUPLE - Families with couples but who cannot have or don’t want kids.
STEPFAMILY - Consist of two single parent. A man or a woman consider his/her husband/wife
having child/ren.
GRANDPARENT FAMILY - This situation happens when the parents aren’t around to take care
of their kids or are incapable of properly take care of their kids.

FAMILY STRUCTURE: Based on Descent

Patrilineal descent - affiliates a person with group relative through his or her father.
Matrilineal descent - affiliated a person with a group of relatives related through his or her
mother.
Bilateral descent - affiliated newlywed couple live with a group relative related through both his
or her parents.

FAMILY STRUCTURE: Based on Residence

Patrilocal Residence - requires newlywed couple live with or near domicile of the parents’
bridegroom.
Matrilocal residence - requires newlywed couple live with or near the domicile of the parents
of the bride.
Bilocal residence - gives the couple a choice of staying either on groom’s parents or bride’s
parents.
Neolocal residence - permits newlywed married couple to reside independently of the parents
either the groom or bride.
Avunlocal residence - prescribes that newlywed resides with or near the maternal uncle of the
groom.

FAMILY STRUCTURE: Based on Authority

Patriarchal family - (panganay na lalaking anak) authority vested in the oldest male in the
family, often the family.
Matriarchal family - (panganay na babaeng anak) authority is vested in the mother.
Egalitarian family - husband and wife exercise more or less equal amount of authority.
Matricentric family - recent emerged type usually found in the US.

Styles of Parental Discipline

1. Authoritarian Style. Parents discipline the child, and the child will obey.
2. Permissive Style. This is child-centered, warm, and indulgent to the point of rarely
exercising any discipline at all.
3. Authoritative Style. Parents give reasons behind rules so that their child gradually
comes to understand and respect the values of rules.
4. Uninvolved Style. Parents allow children a lot of independence

Family Studies and Childhood Development

MOTHERHOOD
Sign and Symptoms of Pregnancy
• Pregnancy moods
• Changes in appetite
• Nipple secretion
• Nausea, fatigue and vomiting
• Absence of menstruation or amenorrhea
Pre Natal Care - To have a healthy mother and infant.
Post Natal Care - necessary to avoid changes that may affect the health of the mother and her
baby after delivery.

Fertilization is the process in which haploid gametes fuse to form a diploid cell called a zygote.
Haploid – cell that contains only a single set of genes
Gamete – a reproductive (sex) cell. In male, sperm cell; in female, egg cell.
Diploid – cell that contains two sets of homologous chromosomes.

Stages of Human development

Zygotic stage: the zygote is produced when the male gamete (sperm) and female gamete
(egg) unite.
Blastocyst stage: The single-celled starts to divide into a solid ball of cells.
Embryonic stage: Internal organs and external are starting to develop, forming an embryo.
Fetal stage: When the embryo’s developed features begin to grow and develop, the organism is
known to be a fetus.

Period of Development
❖ Prenatal Development
❖ Infancy to Toddlerhood
❖ Early Childhood
❖ Middle Childhood
❖ Adolescence
❖ Early Adulthood
❖ Middle Adulthood
❖ Late Adulthood

HOUSEHOLD RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Henri Fayol - created a list of the five primary functions of management, which go hand in hand
with the Principles.

Five Primary Functions of Management

1. Division of labor - When employees are specialized, output can increase because they
become increasingly skilled and efficient.
2. Authority and Responsibility - Managers must have the authority to give orders, but
they must also keep in mind that with authority comes responsibility.
3. Discipline - Discipline must be upheld in organizations, but methods for doing so can
vary.
4. Unity of Command - Employees should have only one direct supervisor.
5. Unity of Direction - Teams with the same objective should be working under the
direction of one manager, using one plan.
 6. Subordination - The interests of one employee should not be allowed to become more
important than those of the group.

7. Remuneration - Employee satisfaction depends on fair remuneration for everyone.

8. Centralization - This principle refers to how close employees are in the decision-making
process.
9. Scalar Chain - Employees should be aware of where they stand in the organization's
Hierarchy.
10. Order - The workplace facilities must be clean, tidy and safe for employees.
11. Equity - Managers should be fair to staff at all times, both maintaining discipline as
necessary and acting with kindness where appropriate.
12. Stability - Managers should strive to minimize employee turnover.
13. Initiative - Employees should be given the necessary level of freedom to create and
carry out plans.
14. Espirit De Corps - Organizations should strive to promote team spirit and unity.

Five Primary Functions of Management

1. Planning
2. Organizing
3. Commanding
4. Coordinating
5. Controlling

INDIVIDUAL DECISION - Refers to individual’s decision

GROUP DECISION - Refers to two or more individuals
HABITUAL DECISIONS - Lowest degree of decision making
 CODE OF ETHICS FOR PROFESSIONAL TEACHERS
Article I: Scope and Limitations Section 1. The Philippine Constitution provides that all
educational institution shall offer quality education for all competent teachers. Committed to its
full realization, the provision of this Code shall apply, therefore, to all teachers in schools in the
Philippines.
Article II: The Teacher and the State Section 1. The schools are the nurseries of the future
citizens of the state; each teacher is a trustee of the cultural and educational heritage of the nation
and is under obligation to transmit to learners such heritage as well as to elevate national morality,
promote national pride, cultivate love of country, instil allegiance to the constitution and for all duly
constituted authorities, and promote obedience to the laws of the state.
Article III: The Teacher and the Community Section 1. A teacher is a facilitator of learning and
of the development of the youth; he shall, therefore, render the best service by providing an
environment conducive to such learning and growth.
Article IV: A Teacher and the Profession Section 1. Every teacher shall actively insure that
teaching is the noblest profession, and shall manifest genuine enthusiasm and pride in teaching
as a noble calling.
Article V: The Teachers and the Profession Section 1. Teachers shall, at all times, be imbued
with the spirit of professional loyalty, mutual confidence, and faith in one another, self-sacrifice for
the common good; and full cooperation with colleagues. When the best interest of the learners,
the school, or the profession is at stake in any controversy, teachers shall support one another.
Article VI: The Teacher and Higher Authorities in the Profession Section 1. Every teacher
shall make it his duty to make an honest effort to understand and support the legitimate policies
of the school and the administration regardless of personal feeling or private opinion and shall
faithfully carry them out.
Article VII: School Officials, Teachers, and Other Personnel Section 1. All school officials
shall at all times show professional courtesy, helpfulness and sympathy towards teachers and
other personnel, such practices being standards of effective school supervision, dignified
administration, responsible leadership and enlightened directions.
Article VIII: The Teachers and Learners Section 1. A teacher has a right and duty to determine
the academic marks and the promotions of learners in the subject or grades he handles, provided
that such determination shall be in accordance with generally accepted procedures of evaluation
and measurement. In case of any complaint, teachers concerned shall immediately take
appropriate actions, observing due process.
Article IX: The Teachers and Parents Section 1. Every teacher shall establish and maintain
cordial relations with parents, and shall conduct himself to merit their confidence and respect.
Article X: The Teacher and Business Section 1. A teacher has the right to engage, directly or
indirectly, in legitimate income generation; provided that it does not relate to or adversely affect
his work as a teacher.
Article XI: The Teacher as a Person Section 1. A teacher is, above all, a human being endowed
with life for which it is the highest obligation to live with dignity at all times whether in school, in
the home, or elsewhere.
Article XII: Disciplinary Actions Section 1. Any violation of any provision of this code shall be
sufficient ground for the imposition against the erring teacher of the disciplinary action consisting
of revocation of his Certification of Registration and License as a Professional Teacher,
suspension from the practice of teaching profession, or reprimand or cancellation of his
temporary/special permit under causes specified in Sec. 23, Article III or R.A. No. 7836, and under
Rule 31, Article VIII, of the Rules and Regulations Implementing R.A. 7836.
Article XIII: Effectivity Section 1. This Code shall take effect upon approval by the Professional
Regulation Commission and after sixty (60) days following its publication in the Official Gazette
or any newspaper of general circulation, whichever is earlier.