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Halal
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Main page Halal (/həˈlɑːl/; Arabic: ‫ح"ل‬, ḥalāl) is an Arabic word that translates to Part of a series on Islam
Contents "permissible" in English. In the Quran, the word halal is contrasted with haram Usul al-Fiqh
Current events (forbidden). This binary opposition was elaborated into a more complex Fiqh
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classification known as "the five decisions": mandatory, recommended, neutral, Ijazah · Ijma · Ijtihad · Ikhtilaf · Istihlal · Istihsan ·
About Wikipedia [1]
reprehensible and forbidden. Islamic jurists disagree on whether the term Istishab · Madhhab · Madrasah · Maslaha ·
Contact us
Qiyas · Taqlid · Urf
Donate halal covers the first two or the first four of these categories.[1] In recent times,
Islamic movements seeking to mobilize the masses and authors writing for a Ahkam
Contribute Fard · Mustahabb · Halal · Mubah · Makruh ·
popular audience have emphasized the simpler distinction of halal and haram.
[2][3] Haram · Baligh · Batil · Bid'ah · Fahisha · Fasiq ·
Help
Fitna · Fasad · Gunah · Haya · Islah · Istighfar ·
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Hirabah · Istishhad · Jihad · Qasd · Sunnah ·
Community portal The term halal is particularly associated with Islamic dietary laws and
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Recent changes especially meat processed and prepared in accordance with those Thawab · Wasat
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Legal vocations and titles

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Contents [hide]
Ashraf · Hadrat · Ulama · Faqeeh · Allamah ·
What links here 1 In the Quran Mufti · Grand Mufti · Hujjat al-Islam · Mujtahid ·
Related changes 2 Foods Ayatollah · Marja' · Hafiz · Hujja · Hakim · Imam
Special pages 2.1 Halal meat · Mullah · Mahdi · Mawlawi · Khatib · Khawaja ·
Permanent link Mawlānā · Mawla · Mufassir · Murshid · Pir ·
2.1.1 Compatibility with other religions
Page information Wali · Akhund · Muhaddith · Mujaddid · Qadi ·
2.1.2 Concerns for animal welfare Sheikh · Marabout · Uli al-amr · Ustad ·
Cite this page
2.2 Certification Mu'azzin · Murid · Mujahideen · Ghazi · Shahid ·
Wikidata item
2.2.1 Halal certification in the USA Hajji · Ansar · Salaf · Sahabah · Tabi'un ·
Tabi' al-Tabi'in · Da'i al-Mutlaq · al-Dawla
Print/export 2.2.2 Criticism
V ·T ·E
Download as PDF 2.3 Business
Printable version 2.4 Interaction with global regulation
2.4.1 European Union
In other projects 2.4.2 India
Wikimedia Commons 2.4.3 United Kingdom
3 Non-food applications
Languages
3.1 Pharmaceuticals
‫العربية‬ 3.2 Personal care
Español 4 See also
िहन्दी
5 References
Bahasa Indonesia
6 Further reading
Bahasa Melayu The word halal in Arabic. It is used
7 External links as a visual marker for Muslims in
Nederlands
restaurants, shops and on products.
Русский
!"#$
中⽂
In the Quran [ edit ]

The words halal and haram are the usual terms used in the Quran to designate the categories of lawful or allowed and
59 more
unlawful or forbidden. In the Quran, the root h-l-l denotes lawfulness and may also indicate exiting the ritual state of a pilgrim
Edit links and entering a profane state. In both these senses, it has an opposite meaning to that conveyed by the root h-r-m (cf. haram
and ihram). In a literal sense, the root h-r-m may refer to dissolution (e.g., breaking of an oath) or alighting (e.g., of God's
wrath). Lawfulness is usually indicated in the Quran by means of the verb ahalla (to make lawful), with God as the stated or
implied subject.[3]

Foods [ edit ]

Main article: Islamic dietary laws

Islam generally considers every food halal unless it is specifically prohibited by the
Hadith or the Qur’an.[4] Specifically, halal foods are those that are:

1. Made, produced, manufactured, processed, and stored using machinery,

equipment, and/or utensils that have been cleaned according to Islamic law
(Shariah).

2. Free from any component that Muslims are prohibited from eating according to
Islamic law.[5]

The most common example of haram (non-halal) food is pork. While pork is the only A halal sign in Chinese (清真 qīng
[6] zhēn) at a restaurant in Taipei, Taiwan
meat that categorically may not be consumed by Muslims (the Quran forbids it,
Surah 2:173 and 16:115)[7][8] other foods not in a state of purity are also considered
haram. The criteria for non-pork items include their source, the cause of the animal's death and how it was processed. The
majority of Islamic scholars consider shellfish and other seafood halal.[9] Vegetarian cuisine is halal if it does not contain
alcohol.[10]

Muslims must also ensure that all foods (particularly processed foods), as well as non-food items like cosmetics and
pharmaceuticals, are halal.[11][12] Frequently, these products contain animal by-products or other ingredients that are not
permissible for Muslims to eat or use on their bodies. Foods which are not considered halal for Muslims to consume include
blood[13] and intoxicants such as alcoholic beverages.[14]

A Muslim who would otherwise starve to death is allowed to eat non-halal food if there is no halal food available.[8][15] During
airplane flights Muslims will usually order kosher food (if halal food is not available) to ensure their chosen dish will not have
any pork ingredients.

Several food companies offer halal processed foods and products, including halal foie gras, spring rolls, chicken nuggets,
ravioli, lasagna, pizza and baby food.[16] Halal ready meals are a growing consumer market for Muslims in Britain and
America and are offered by an increasing number of retailers.[17]

Opinions on GMO foods are mixed, although there is no widely accepted prohibition from consuming them.[18] Some clerics
and scholars have expressed support, arguing that such food production methods are halal because they contribute to
human well-being.[19][20] Voices in opposition to GMOs argue that there is no need for genetic modification of food crops
because God created everything perfectly and man does not have any right to manipulate anything that God has created.[18]
Some others have raised concern about the theoretical consumption of specific GMO foods produced using genes from pigs.
[21]

Halal meat [ edit ]

Main article: Dhabihah

Halal meat must come from a supplier that uses halal practices. Dhabīḥah (‫ )ذَ ِبيْ َحة‬is
the prescribed method of slaughter for all meat sources, excluding fish and other
sea-life, per Islamic law. This method of slaughtering animals consists of using a
sharp knife to make an incision that cuts the front of the throat, oesophagus and
jugular veins but not the spinal cord.[22] The head of an animal that is slaughtered
using halal methods is aligned with the qiblah. In addition to the direction, permitted
animals should be slaughtered upon utterance of the Islamic prayer Bismillah.[23]

The slaughter must be performed by a Muslim man.[24] Carrion (carcasses of dead

Halal meat section at a grocery store
animals, such as animals who died in the wild) cannot be eaten.[8] Additionally, an
in Canada
animal that has been strangled, beaten (to death), killed by a fall, gored (to death),
savaged by a beast of prey (unless finished off by a human), or sacrificed on a stone
altar cannot be eaten.[25]

Compatibility with other religions [ edit ]

Main articles: Islamic and Jewish dietary laws compared, Christian dietary laws, and Diet in Sikhism

Animals slaughtered by non-Muslims can also be considered halal if the slaughter is carried out by jugular slice, the blood
drained and the name of God invoked. As a result, kosher meat is permitted by some Muslim communities.[26]

In Sikhism, the religious prescriptions forbid from eating meat produced by slaughtered slowly or with religious ritual,[27]
which they refer to as kutha meat.[28] This includes halal meat preparation.[29][30][31][32] The religiously recommended method
of slaughter among Sikhs, known as jhatka, is likewise incompatible with halal principles,[33] as with this method not all of the
blood is drained from the meat.[34]

Concerns for animal welfare [ edit ]

Stunning of the animal is not allowed before slaughtering. It is allowed only if

necessary to calm down a violent animal.[24] However, the UK Food Standards
Agency figures from 2011 suggest that 84% of cattle, 81% of sheep and 88% of
chickens slaughtered for halal meat were stunned before they died. Supermarkets
selling halal products also report that all animals are stunned before they are
slaughtered. Tesco, for example, says "the only difference between the halal meat it
sells and other meat is that it was blessed as it was killed."[35] Concerns about
animal suffering from slaughter without prior stunning has resulted in the ban of
slaughter of unstunned animals in Denmark, Luxembourg, Belgium, The Eid ul-Adha Islamic holiday in
Pakistan
Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland.[36][37]

Certification [ edit ]

Certification for halal products is given by legal authorities in most Muslim-majority

countries, while in other countries, it is voluntarily acquired by companies and issued
by non-governmental organizations for an annual fee.[38]

Halal certification in the USA [ edit ]

Halal certifications are provided by two major non-profit agencies in the United
States, namely, Halal Monitoring Services (HMS), based out of Chicago, Illinois,[39]
and Halal Food Standards Alliance of America (HFSAA), based out of Oakland,
An example of a halal certificate from
California.[40]
India

Criticism [ edit ]

In Australia, halal food certification has been criticized by groups who claim that certifying foods as halal leads to consumers
subsidizing a particular religious belief.[41] Australian Federation of Islamic Councils spokesman Keysar Trad told a journalist
in July 2014 that this was an attempt to exploit anti-Muslim sentiments in Australia.[42] A recent study shows that halal
certifications may not necessarily reflect the extent to which a halal product came about in whole, calling for greater means of
assurance and transparent qualitative methods of halal certification.[43]

Business [ edit ]

The Dubai Chamber of Commerce and Industry estimated the global industry value of halal food consumer purchases to be
$1.1 trillion in 2013, accounting for 16.6 percent of the global food and beverage market, with an annual growth of 6.9
percent.[44] Growth regions include Indonesia ($197 million market value in 2012) and Turkey ($100 million).[45] The
European Union market for halal food has an estimated annual growth of around 15 percent and is worth an estimated $30
billion,[16] approximately $8 billion of which are accounted for in France.[46]

The halal food and beverage industry has also made a significant impact on supermarkets and other food business such as
restaurants. French supermarkets had halal food sales totalling $210 million in 2011, a 10.5% growth from five years prior. In
France, the market for halal foods is even larger than the market for other types of common foods. For example, in 2010, the
market for halal foods and beverages in France was nearly twice that of organic foods.[46] Auchan, a large French
supermarket chain, now sells 80 certified halal meat products, along with 30 pre-cooked halal meals and 40 frozen halal
products. Upscale restaurants and catering services have also added halal foods to their menus. In addition, many beverage
companies such as Evian have taken the effort to add a halal stamp on their products to show that their water and other
beverages are pure and not haram or forbidden under Islamic law.[47]

Interaction with global regulation [ edit ]

Halal standards and regulations have been considered as an obstacle to international trade while the discrimination towards
import products also lacks transparency. Trade disputes related to Halal have emerged even among Muslim and Islamic
countries, for instance at the regional level within the ASEAN.[48][49]

European Union [ edit ]

On 17 December 2020, the Court of Justice of the European Union ruled that member countries may ban religious slaughter
in order to promote animal welfare and could impose non-lethal stunning before the killing of animals. The ruling was in
response to a challenge to a 2017 Flemish government prohibition on the killing of animals without prior non-lethal (also
called reversible) stunning by Jewish and Muslim associations.[50]

India [ edit ]
Main article: Hindu–Islamic_relations § Food-related_issues

The Muslim community has been receptive of halal food and certification.[51][52] Members of the right-wing Hindutva groups
in India have protested against the sale of Halal food in India. Bajrang Dal, Vishva Hindu Parishad and other Hindutva groups
have run door to door campaign in the state of Karnataka, asking people not to purchase Halal meat. In March 2022 the
Hindutva group Bajrang Dal physically attacked a Muslim meat seller, five persons were arrested in the incident. In March
2022, C. T. Ravi, national general secretary for the ruling right wing Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party, referred to halal
food as "economic jihad".[53]

United Kingdom [ edit ]

As of August 2012, an estimated 27 UK Tesco supermarkets, in addition to most urban Asda and many Morrisons
supermarkets, have halal meat counters, selling meat approved for consumption by Muslims.[54] According to the Food
Standards Agency Animal Welfare Update report, published September 2017, 16 percent of animals slaughtered by the halal
method were not stunned before slaughter, which violates RSPCA standards on animal welfare.[55] However, it is legal in the
UK due to an exemption in the law granted to Jews and Muslims.[56]

Non-food applications [ edit ]

Main articles: Halal tourism and Islamic banking and finance

In addition to food and diet, halal lifestyle can include travel, finance, clothing, media, recreation, cosmetics.[57] Halal lifestyle
can even involve professional practises ranging from industrial and manufacturing logistics to supply chains.[43]

Pharmaceuticals [ edit ]

Some Muslims refrain from using pharmaceuticals that are not halal. This distinction is most noticeably practiced in Malaysia,
[58]
which has a large halal pharmaceutical industry, complete with government regulations to make sure the products are
tayyib.[59] On the other hand, the Quran obliges Muslims to seek treatment, including preventive ones, for diseases
regardless of what the care provider believes in.[60] In particular, medicines containing animal products like gelatin have been
deemed permissible by a 1995 council of Islamic jurisprudents, making such distinction unnecessary.[61] The decentralized
nature of Islam allows both opinions to exist.

See also: Vaccination and religion

The controversy over pharmaceuticals has led to the refusal of childhood vaccination in some Muslim-majority countries,[62]
despite many religious leaders expressly endorsing vaccination.[63] It is also a concern in the rollout of the COVID-19
vaccine.[60][64][65]

Personal care [ edit ]

Feminine hygiene products and diapers have been certified as halal in Malaysia. Such certification is not required by the
religion, nor is there a demand from Muslims. Critics[who?] consider such "unnecessary" certification as little more than a
marketing gimmick, e.g., halal labels on clearly vegetarian soft drinks or naturally grown food items like cereals, pulses,
vegetables and processed foods made exclusively from vegetable products.[66][unreliable source?]

See also [ edit ]

Islamic ethics
Islam portal
Al-Jamia, Shia text which contains all the details of halal things.
Istiḥlāl Animals portal

Halal certification in Australia Food portal

Halal certification in Europe
Taboo food and drink
Kashrut (Jewish dietary laws)
Christian dietary laws
Scottish pork taboo

References [ edit ]

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ab
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‫س"مي ]انكليزي[ ترجمة‬F‫ ا‬. Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah ‫دار الكتب‬ Retrieved 1 April 2022.

‫العلمية‬. p. 44:47. ISBN 978-2-7451-6060-7. 54. ^ "National Halal Centre" . National Halal Food Group.
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65. ^ Paddock, Richard C. (5 January 2021). "Is the Vaccine
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66. ^ Gateway, Salaam. "Malaysian company says halal
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Further reading [ edit ]

Yungman, Limor, "Food", in Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God (2
vols.), Edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014, Vol I.

External links [ edit ]

What is halal meat?

Wikimedia Commons has media
Halal World certificate related to Halal.

Wikibooks Cookbook has a

recipe/module on
Halal

V ·T ·E Islam topics [show]

Authority control [show]

Categories: Halal food Food law Islamic terminology Ritual slaughter

This page was last edited on 4 January 2023, at 22:57 (UTC).

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