UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DO MARANHÃO

CENTRO DE ESTUDOS SUPERIORES DE COELHO NETO

CURSO DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS

2º ROTEIRO DE ESTUDO DE HISTOLOGIA

1)

Animals use different proportions of matrix macromolecules to construct connective tissues with a range of
mechanical properties to support their organs. Bone is a stiff, hard solid; blood vessel walls are flexible and
elastic; and the vitreous body of the eye is a watery gel. Plant and fungal cell walls are functionally similar to the
animal extracellular matrix but are composed of completely different molecules. This chapter begins with a
discussion of simple connective tissues then concentrates on cartilage, bone, development of the skeleton, and
the mechanisms that repair wounds, finishing with a discussion of the plant cell wall.
Chapter 32 - Connective Tissues A2 - Pollard, Thomas D. In: EARNSHAW, W. C.;LIPPINCOTT-SCHWARTZ, J., et al (Ed.). Cell Biology (Third Edition): Elsevier,
2017. p.555-570.
On this topic, describe the following terms:
a) Basic Substance of Connective Tissue
b) Bone
c) Chondrocytes
d) Collagen fibrils
e) Elastic fibrils
f) Extracelular matrix
g) Eosinophils
h) Fibroblastos
i) Glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans
j) Immigrant cells
k) Indigenous cells
l) Lymphocytes
m) Mast cells
n) Macrophages
o) Mesenchymal Stem Cells
p) Mucopolysaccharidosis
q) Neutrophils
r) Osteoblastos
s) Plasma cells
t) Pluripotent stem cells
u) White fat cells (adipocytes)
2

Together with muscle, nerve and epithelium, connective tissue is one of the basic components in the human
body. It binds structures together, helps in mechanical and chemical protection and also plays a principal role in
reparative processes. Connective tissues are defined as those composed predominantly of the extracellular matrix
and connective tissue cells. The matrix is made up of fibrous proteins and a relatively amorphous ground
substance. Many of the special properties of connective tissues are determined by the composition of the matrix,
and their classification is also largely based on its characteristics
OMBREGT, L. 3 - Connective tissue. In: (Ed.). A System of Orthopaedic Medicine (Third Edition): Churchill Livingstone, 2013. p.29-51.e3.
On this topic, describe and detail
a) Types of connective tissue
b) Functions of connective tissue
c) Simplified representation of connective tissue cell lines derived from a multipotent embryonic
mesenchymal cell.
d) Origin and Development of Blood Cells (Manual drawing)
e) Neutrophils (Manual drawing)
f) Basophils (Manual drawing)
g) Eosinophils (Manual drawing)
h) Monocytes (Manual drawing)
i) Macrophages (Manual drawing)
j) Subset of lymphocytes (Manual drawing)
k) Fibroblastos (Manual drawing)

Loose connective tissue consists of a sparse extracellular matrix of

hyaluronan and proteoglycans supported by a few collagen fibrils
and elastic fibrils. In addition to fibroblasts, the cell population is
heterogeneous, including both indigenous and emigrant connective
tissue cells. The loose connective tissue underlying the epithelium
in the gastrointestinal tract is a good example of this heterogeneity
(Fig. 32.1A), with lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages,
eosinophils, neutrophils, and mast cells, as well as fibroblasts and
occasional fat cells. This variety of defensive cells is appropriate for
a location near the lumen of the intestine, which contains
microorganisms and potentially toxic materials from the outside
world. Loose connective tissue is also found in and around other organs. In the optically transparent vitreous
body of the eye, fibroblasts produce a highly hydrated gel of hyaluronan and proteoglycans, supported by a loose
network of type II collagen. Few defensive cells are required, as the interior of the eye is sterile.
Chapter 32 - Connective Tissues A2 - Pollard, Thomas D. In: EARNSHAW, W. C.;LIPPINCOTT-SCHWARTZ, J., et al (Ed.). Cell Biology (Third Edition): Elsevier,
2017. p.555-570.
On this topic, describe and detail
a) Dense connective tissue (Characteristics, Location, Synthesis, Example)
b) Dense regular connective tissue (Characteristics, Location, Synthesis, Example)
c) Dense irregular connective tissue (Characteristics, Location, Synthesis, Example)
d) Loose connective tissue (Characteristics, Location, Synthesis, Example)
e) Elastic tissue (Characteristics, Location, Synthesis, Example)
f) Reticular tissue (Characteristics, Location, Synthesis Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome type IV)
g) Mucous tissue (Characteristics, Location, Synthesis, Example)
4

Connective tissues are composed of insoluble protein fibers (the glycoprotein collagen and the nonglycoprotein
elastin) embedded in a matrix of proteoglycans (ground substance). The connective tissues bind tissues together
and provide support for the organs and other structures of the body. Their properties depend on the proportion of
different components present. A tissue of very high tensile strength, the Achilles tendon, is composed of about
32% collagen and 2.6% elastin, whereas an elastic tissue, the ligamentum nuchae, is composed of about 32%
elastin and 7% collagen. The proteins and proteoglycans are synthesized by connective tissue cells: fibroblasts
(generalized connective tissue); chondroblasts (cartilage); and osteoblasts (bone). Connective tissue also contains
blood and lymphatic vessels and various transient cells including macrophages and mast cells. Adipose tissue is a
specialized form of connective tissue consisting of a collection of adipocytes (stores of triacylglycerol) that
cluster between the protein fibers.
BHAGAVAN, N. V.; HA, C.-E. Chapter 10 - Connective Tissue: Fibrous and Nonfibrous Proteins and Proteoglycans. In: (Ed.). Essentials of Medical Biochemistry
(Second Edition). San Diego: Academic Press, 2015. p.119-136.
On this topic, describe and detail
a) Connective tissue that provides support and framework for the body consists of fibrous proteins and
nonfibrous ground substance in varying proportions depending on their functionsl
b) Collagen, which is the most abundant protein, constitutes about one-third of all body protein. More than
19 different types of collagens, encoded by 30 widely dispersed genes with characteristic distribution
among tissues, are known.
c) Collagens have a common basic structure consisting of three polypeptide chains wound into a triple helix.
d) In collagen each of the three-polypeptide chains are coiled in a left-handed helix conformation with about
three amino acids per turn. The three polypeptide chains are intertwined and coiled into a right-handed
triple helix.
e) Fibers of the extracellular matrix confer elastic properties on tissues such as large blood vessels, lungs
and skin, which contain elastin and fibrillin. Elastin is vastly different from collagen. Elastin contains
mostly nonpolar amino acids, and it is insoluble
f) Proteoglycans are present in extracellular matrix and on cell surfaces, and they are multifunctional. They
contain covalently linked glycosaminoglycan side chains linked to core proteins by N- and O-glycosidic
linkages.
g) In connective tissue, proteoglycans interact with other fibrous structures consisting of collagen, elastin,
fibronectin, and fibrillin

Observações
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