Sinusoids canbeexpressed assinorcos

Vit Vmsmut
period T
frequency f F
angular
frequency W att
phaseshift0
arm smut
nvm
motto
If
Vms fromleettoright
Ig V2leadsUiby0

VilagsV2by0

isit0to outofphase

2 if0 0 inphaseLeithreach maxormin

Trigidentities

SMLAIB SMB
SMAWSB I WSA

cosLAZB SMASMB I WSAWSB

sin Wtt180 smut

cosLwt I 180 Wswt

sin wtf90 Icosut

astute90 Ismut
AwswtT Bsmut CWSLwt O
C dA T B D tant
Example I
calculatethephaseanglebetween V locosLwt150sandVa 12smint 107

Vi lowscut 50 tosin wt t 500 900 tosinwt 405

Veleads v by300
V lows wt t 500 I 1809
 V2 12nsLwt 100 907 12105 wt 1000

900500 too so
swt

III V2isaheadof u ecw

complexnumbers

threeformats Z
xtjy Z v20 Z retd

reciprocal I 44 0
squareroot Tz Tr2101123
complex conjugate z x jy ri p re Jd j j
ALB ANSBTJASMB

Judt Tw
II
12900
j j 1 900

Maman im

Phaser

Eater'sidentity et costIjsind
Vit VmasWttg Relumejewttd

Ut Relumeinteid

Vit Re Vent where vermeil Um 20

V leading
um Unca

É Illagging EIma0

Sinusoid Phaser transformation

Vincostutty Unca
Vmsinlutto Vm20 900
 I V11 l
Imcoscutto UmLol

Imsin otto Um2090

Example Ia 40250 20230942

2
4010050 509 20cos30 sin30
t sin

25.71 530.64 17.32 j10

43.03 12004742
2
47722256371
6.91212.810
102300 3 54
b 125421315
8.66 Jb 3 54
125431355

1408237660 2122.470
26.082 57.530

0.562 19.87 orasb52lbo.is V

Example 2 Transform these sinusoids tophasons

a 2 busJot 409A

I 62 400A
b ve 4Smoot150 V

307 50 905V
4WSL

4Ws307 1409V
42140V

Example 3 Findthesinusoids represented bythesephasis

a 3454A

2 52126.87 in swslwt 126.877A

b V jgeing

v 290 82200 8270V vittswsluttron

 V ub 7

Example 3 determine themment ict with 4itsfidt 3 7 50lost 759

HIT YT 3jWI 50275 W z

Il 4 54 j67 50275
502750
4 To

8468to
I 4642143.20A

It 4.64Ws at 143.29A

Voltagecurrent relationships

L V L V JULI
C t cdat v Ie
Example I v12Wslbott450 isapplied to a o l H inductor

Find the steady statecurrentthroughtheinductor

Ittf MEI 22 450A

ziti 2ns bot 450 A

dotfencebetween
Impedance
v22
R Z R Y t O
Z jul 90 v heads
Z Y jure 90 I leads

theimpedanceof capacitorsand inductors

de highfrequency
y short open

C open short

z Rt jX reactance
w
resistance whenx o theimpedance is inductive

whenxco capacitive

7 121LO
 Admittance Siemens mhos

B sustepiance
conductance
Y G JB G
G a xz

D Ra x

Example I Findvet andict intheavant

What Us locov
vslowsut I

7 5 t jute 5 j 2.5N
5 9 26.570 1.789226157 A

Ttt 1.789cos147 26.579A

V IZee 178926.57A x 2.52900 4.47263430

Vit 4.47Wscut 63439A

Example 2 nd
vitrumwswt I L
int
Easiestusing Ku Long t kilts Vinwsut

JULI RI V
I REWL Im20
Jr we L tant
Um
Ects drawncostwt tan it
Kirchoff'sLawin frequency domain

Example I o it mist ndZin w 50rads

so
Imy
Is
Z Fe jor
Zz St 3 jar
 73 8 510 r
13 52318510
Ent Zit Zayz g y 11 58
44 514
joy 11 58
44 514,41 is
joy 14 64

3.22 j11.07 r

Example 2 determine Voit wit

awsat150 I 1,15 135

500
z j5 jioor
V0 Us Ft 202150
bothfoo
202 15.19
5
202150 0.8572310

1714216
VoLTE17,14WSLUTTIGIV