CHAPTER 6 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Learning Objectives At the end of the Module, students should be able to : J+ Understand and verbalize the Conoepts and principles of environmental education, Realize the importance of Environerontal Education/Protection and management, development, ; and promote environmental Protection through proper solid waste Aisposa ang it, 4 Instill positive attitudes and vah vanguards of the environment 3. es which ae essential n making the students etfs dings of, became greedy. His greediness : cavironment-degradation of forests, exploitation of mineral Tesources, emission of pollutants, ef eee ibilties of oc otaly, man has polluted his environment and itis now among its major responsibilities of restoring it, For Pangasinan State University Nj al Service Trainin, m (CWTS) Use aah Global Warming and Climate Change gu! warming Global warming is the recen t of an enhanced Warming ofthe eats lower atmosphere. is believed © the greenho 0 ee emompere. THe ec 1 ined concerns owe 0 Fey Metsrement of greenhouse gas concentrations is seientifically rove? . Concentrati gree | ' industrial ona eenhouse gas, especially the most prominent, CO? Since pre- 280 parts per aa peer iL the eenwentration of CO2 has risen fF ¥ pm today. 2. Earth's average temperature measrement, Since 1900 the arth has warmed about . or warming of 2to 5 °C is expected by the middle ofthis cent Climate Change Climate includes patterns of temperature, jpitation, humidity, wind and seasons. ‘climate change” affects more than just a change he weather, it refers 1 seasonal changes over & long period of time. These climate pattems play a fundamental role in shaping natural ecosystems, and the human economies and cultures that depend on them. secause so many systems ated to climate, a chang in climate ean affect many TES ‘of where and how people, plants and animals live, such as food production, ty and use of water, and health risks. For example, a change in the usual timing of rains or temperatures can affect when plants bloom and set fruit, when insects hatch or when streams are their fullest. This can affect historically synchronized pollination of crops, food for migrating birds, spawning of fish, water supplies for drinking and irrigation, forest health, and more. Some short-term climate variation is normal, but longer-term trends now indicate a changing climate. A year or two of an extreme change in temperature or other condition doesn’t mean a climate change trend has been “erased.” Worldwide, people are paying serious attention to climate change. In ‘Washington state, climate change is already disrupting our environment, economy and communities. We can help slow it down, but we must take action now. Weather changes all the time. ‘The average of weather, called climate, usually Stays pretty much ane for centuries if it is left to itself, However, the earth is not being left alone, People are taking actions that can change the earth and its climate in significant ways. For Pangasinan State University National Serise Program (CWTS) Use Page 89Causes of Global Warming and Climate Change YOQTS 18 dye There is new and ast 50 to hi stronger evidence that most of the warming over the dioxide leven’ ities. 1oe cores taken from deep in ancient ice of Antarctica show et Arbon amore aT higher now than at any time in the past 650,000 years, More carbon dioxide yeabere means warning temperatures. In its 2007 report the United Nations, in likely thar ttl Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concluded that it is more the” BO Peten, the accelerated warming of the past 50-60 years is due to human contributions » gases (a.k.a. “greenhouse These contributions include increased levels of “heat-trapping” §SAses") such as carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere. One of se canal pee bute to greenhouse gases is by burning fossil fuels. We use coal, oll mr Benerate electricity, heat our homes, power our factories, and run our Car8. __Changing land use pattems contribute, too. Trees and other plants sé He ae give off oxygen. When trees are cut down for development, agriculture, rita, they're no longer available to take carbon dioxide out of the ait, and dioxide as they decay or burn. increase, more heat is As the ioxi the jouse gases . 1¢ levels of carbon dioxide and other genio oi pes in the ig and length “trapped” and global temperatures rise. This causes signi Of the seasons as well as the amount and frequency of precipitation. (IPCC 2007) Greenhouse Gases and the Greenhouse Effect ult of greenhouse gases trapping the sun’s heat and keeping it close to the earth. Anyone who has parked a closed car in the sun for a few hours ona summer day has experienced something like the greenhouse effect. The “greenhouse effect” naturally keep the earth warm, similar to how a refers to how gases in the earth’s atmosphere : greenhouse keeps plants warm, hence the name. The earth’s natural greenhouse effect keeps it about 60 degrees warmer than it would be otherwise. This enables us to live comfortably on earth. (NOAA) The greenhouse effect is due to the trapping of the solar rays in the atmosphere: 1. Solar radiation passes through the atmosphere and warms the surface of the earth. 2. Infrared radiation is given off from the earth. 3. Most infrared radiation escapes to outer space, thus cooling the earth. 4. Some infrared radiation is trapped by greenhouse gases, thus reducing the The greenhouse effect occurs as a rest cooling. (CWTS) Usearth's cli i The earth's climate ig og, stant nUY chay Carth’s orbit is tions and variations in th eft raanee he Bi paul variations influence dai vd fluctuations in solar radiati i geass a8 WO as long-term ofj Weather patter ste to chan ion, major volcanic imate shifts ee ige on a continuous basis, These and cf AS like the toe hen short-term patterns such as the The Greenhouse Etfect SECT Peay SO} roflgcted, bs fC Ts TU lula sea in the atmosphere DE Aca aad Pk human activities have increased their Jude carbon dioxide, methane, ses” occur naturally, levels and added new ones. Greenhouse gases of concern incl ists say that increased levels of these gases Sf Although many “greenhouse ga gases. Scienti ‘Water vapor t cause of chang in water vapor levels. js the most abundant greenhouse gas, but human fs in its concentration. However, @ warming (NOAA) Some examples of ‘activities that nitrous oxide, and fluorinated contributing to climate change. activity isn’t considered @ direct atmosphere can trigger changes i contribute to greenhouse ga levels: Burning fossil fuels ~ oil, 89s gas and coe! Industrial processes and mining . i iecateaes oe pe oyster etlizet and manure management * Agricultural ractices, inclu ec * Land use practices, including deforestatio mu Page 91bd tural patterns of the Tesult of ume Some of the changes in climate intensify tw od aye hi mati Ke opogenic bel ‘ iddle of the 1 stare! fact thay ttre climate pre eeageousiall ‘or anthropogenic, climate change ig duet is fossil fue! energy consumption and changes in land use (deforestation) creat watt that absory rerennouse gnses as by-products, Greenhouse Brae (GHG) are ig tes heat, The most significant GHG is carbon dioxide (CO2), which is released here o i 2 Banie material decays or is burned Anthropogeni le climate chi -induced, or anthropogenic, climate change j the fact ate change, Human-induced, e | # du Bases: ae ‘Consumption and changes in land use produce large quantities of Seenhog! The i the natural greenhouse global whabg tema: of greenhouse gases accelerate the we effet ng Greenhouse gases have different severities in terms of the duration they live i atmosphere and therefore enhance global warming. This is the so-called Global W, it the Potential (GWP). It indicates the period of the 100-year lifetime of a gas in the atmosphere, The Bases are rated in reference to carbon dioxide that is given a GWP of 1. Example: 1 ton of Methane reduction corresponds to 23 tons of CO2 reduction. The most common greenhouse gas is water vapor, which has a short lifetime in te atmosphere. It is generally ignored in terms of global warming. In the context of the global greenhouse gas policy (see table below), the following gases are considered to be the main agents of climate change: Overview of Major Greenhouse Gases Relevant for Global Greenhouse Gas Policy Greenhouse Description GWP Caused by Gases C02 Carbon dioxide 1 Fossil fuel burning. ‘Agriculture, waste CH4 Methane 23 management, fossil fuel extraction. N20 Nitrous oxide 298 Agriculture, fossil fuel combustion. Alternative to ozone depleting CFCs and PFCs Perfluorocarbons 5,900-12,200 | HCFCs, aluminum production, semiconductor manufacturing. Substitutes for CFCs and HFCs Hydrofluorocarbons | 124-14,800 | HCFCs, refrigeration, foam blowing, air conditioning. _| Insulator for electrical SF6 Sulphur hexaflouride 22,800 equipment, semiconductor man ij For Pany State Uni National Service Training Program (CWTS) Use Page 92we a = esse Ove these chen ty eshovse gases from the atmospherics Frocthouse fen isto the Ae is called gra? Stmosphere, A mi, Soon 0 some creates sink 1 0 procetes gy en sie sa ; T Vegetation are 1 tviti sensospere through photosynthesis, 8" impor’ bet oan seenhose es rom the Green plants rem from the any Climate Change a Concern? ee All across the world and in our State, ys impacts, locally and People are taki i ein Camas Change (US ed a, 2 a es and cli : iste that warming . ar ea the International oridwide, densely Populated eee Sause ea Level to rise 7-23 inches by the wee 100. ea as city buildings and homes, sick ain pel ps that supports them would some 9 flooded or more vulnerable to stom sare wastewater treatment plants). ove many miles inland. oo damage. In flat terrain, the shoreline could aah effects are also serious. In some places, floods and/or drought could become more vent ean sp seemingly less dramatic local changes in temperature, precipitation and soil moisture could severely impact ings it i dj ai und us, including: ly impac many things important to human life and « natural ecosystems + agriculture and food supplies «+ human health « forestry + water resources and availability * energy use + transportation Many pole re comer 3 ya) to mae ire el Shee ee ei cultures, resources ‘and many lives could be lost, ee mate Change . Tidence and Prediction of CHP that the scientific case of ntroposei i rel that the olimate Cot sphere by r have shown ¢ gases into the atmosp! climate change is proven. See rales of release oF greenhous Yarning is caused by the i consul bunan activities and enersysary adaptati mate change and neces On ang The most prominent report on the effects of oC (intergo" ens chmae (lings mitigation measures has been released PY 8 eval Hh World Meteorolst (Change). The IPCC isa sient body BE Ry ape a (UNEP). The Ice? mange). The P 1 (UNEP _ ation {NDeCy ead tne United Nations Evi rer U.S. Vice President, Al Gor, awarded the Nobel Prize on October 2007, along Wit) "TT iishes regular assessment repo its work on bringing attention to climate change i861 2 eports also discuss the comes: the latest being Assessment Report oy a severity of extreme ee ote between i juenc’ natu ral catastn ‘op! events have signa oe ate calculation models for = events. mate Change) publishes regular reports on thy mn Climate (AR). These reports are generated vig sub-topics such as scientific evidence, The IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel 0 situation of climate change, called Assessment Repors the help of working groups. Working groups focus 0! climate impacts and vulnerability, and mitigation. SSS! in early 2007. The full report was The Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) was completed in nee published on March 2007 and the key conclusions of the Summary for Policy-Makers (SPM) were that: Assessment Report (AR4) Conclusions: * Warming of the climate system is juivocal. The probability that Minats hans caused by natural climatic processes alone is less than 5%, * Global atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide have increased markedly as a result of human activities since 1750 and now far exceed pre: industrial values that were stable for over the past 650,000 years. Most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in greenhouse gas concentrations, produced by humans. Atmospheric warming and sea level rise would continue for centuries due to the timescales associated with climate processes and feedbacks, even if greenhouse a use during the next century. : te el vain eds ace emis * Gaing tn it cenney eae’ CO MH By between 1.1 and 6.4 °C (2.0 and 1157 ‘There wl be ee Sees 89m 84s emissions will continue to contribute (7.08 to 23.22 inches), » heat waves and heavy rainfall For Pangasinan State University National Service Traini Use Pagewee today. Th fe y. The result of the measures j re are over 20 principal GCMs i the ieee dieted by the IPCC. lures is analyzed and assessed ie global pel on ‘climate Besides measurement of past wi cted. Most models show an Rear eae conditions, future climate changes can be me of ute temperature. It is clear that ‘greenhouse gas concentration and a subsequent 18 0 ons of how the world will ‘ee are depending on the input factors and ston odels: lop. The following variables are mostly used in Major Factors Affecting Future Predictions in Climate Change Impact on Factor climate change Rationale ic crowth Economic activity within the Beonomic Br0 Increase current economic framework results in higher GHG emissions. ‘Assuming constant GHG emission Population growth Increase per head growth leads to higher overall GHG emissions. Global knowledge and application of best available resources and technologies create opportunities to Degree of globalization reduce GHG emissions. ‘More trading and transport within Increase current economic framework resulting in higher GHG emissions. Higher degree of fossil usage has a direct impact on increase of GHG emissions. Increase Decrease Degree of fossil-fuel Ase intensitSTUDENT EVALUATION me, ne io. ane yor Section:. oc Scores 1, What is greenhouse gases ang inorease of greenhouse pases) ee ™MOUse effect? What are the effects if there is an 2 ements 2, Asa person, how can you show your concern on climate change? What ae the activities involved to minimize global warming? 3. How can we predict climate change? What are the evidences involved to predict climate change?of Climate Change oP cording to Amadore(2095), eos as well as higher tempera gl bal warming. means i ™ ic and ocean jive conditions SUCH 48 86a Jaye) jog, *"itilty. This increases the likelihood of chimate~ in" ‘ i ose circulation mae + Storms, floods, droughts, heat waves, gC Pee {imp inane nh Bart y = ———._ Description The earth's cryosphere (glaciers, ice-caps er water Tee cover logy _ | tt tundra permafrost) are expected to melt wat fe due to accelerated warming in the pole and high-altitude regions as expected that the sea level will rise in Sea i uture, Impacts are variable and will be ea ou Rise | higher in river deltas due to low elevation Line and increased coastal erosion. Many highly Porniated areas lie on deltas are of great concern. i Projections are for much more frequent and water intense storm activity in various areas due ea re Si to a rise in sea surface temperatures. Le bel Different pattems will develop between Tegions, ‘i Floods are caused by snowmelt, rainfall, Warner a ; and impervious surfaces. Heavy Temperate Riverfloods | precipitation events will increase because warmer air can carry more moisture. Although global rainfall will increase, some Warmer air Drought areas will experience much less rainfall. | Temperature Evaporation is enhanced in warmer climate. Heat waves will accelerate; cold spells will Warmer air become less common. Peak temperatures | Temperature Heat waves during heat waves are expected to rise about 11°C. _ ‘Changes in climate will trigger changes in ocean atmosphere eee Cirealation Higher temperature | Climate patterns and currents such as El Nino- Vey Oscillation Southern Oscillation and North Atlantic Oscillation (e.g. Gulf stream) will change with yet-to-be-seen consequences. Due to complex interactions between land, sea, atmosphere, and Th some i is outcomes cannot be predicted. The vet tempereture cimetimuities | following four events might, however, a create a permanent shift: ‘ice-sheet collapse, Gulf Stream slowdown or reversal, a Stnie University Nationsl Service Training SISK (CWTS) Use and ocear- . Page97— eat destructi destructi and — Amazon Rainforest de ion, Fa ioe ac (33.8 °F) has serious than 1°C C key economic impacts ty we Sn vcicerante rapier rise of significant 70° Pave five Se te eee | scarce These are the mei series oF Key exponie SS climate oh : nd Key Exposures of Climate Change ——Tmpact of climate change —~ [_Smpaet of climate change ~~ Fligher vulnerability due to SLR, water temperature rise, water | Growing size of : megacities forms, 2 in the coastal | guality decrease and inland runofl | | in the coastal are#S 4 cceferated 8 “a " Water scarcity more extreme events (flood, es 1 waves) as well as long-term [tit tet wil negatively impact te output of agriculture and have a Major Vulnera' bilities # Economic Issue Food and forests | Global food supply and Biodiversity negative impact on the survival of tropical rainforests. : ‘Heat waves generate energy demand Global energy demand surges. This combined with thelow | Energy and supply reserves of fossil fuels, create | tremendous opportunities for | renewable energy markets. iE / ‘Local dependency on Bleaching and extinction of coral reefs Tourism tourism-friendly climate reduce local tourism. angasinan State Univi Nat : d (CWTS) Use age?STUDENT EVALUATION ee SS — yer =e are the iMPACtS OF climate gh, en iag what I arth distribution of impacts of, climate change? are 2. What cuts) Use "Page 99 Service se aay ni ee ESI,sate Change Poli clin! icy Framework Climate change ig cq Sed bythe oe deen aly singe tra of, Re producers «feethoUse gas emissions. This i considered cn he Sreenho a use gas do not fully carry the paid by those lity occury pp Deeeription — Pollution, roag *° hee ae the costs of @ good af service are not (Full) _— | moral inion tS causing t ng eal Negative externalities are water | ality | externalities tance, Party Casualties, over-fishing of oceans, | ‘i those who nt benefits of Taal arava a. titre ate alan postive _— activities, public Path in eat Typical postive extern allie foccopes . innovati it ions. Cities, landscapes, knowledge spin-over and There are four mai: Tia callenges face when yng o tackle climate change: Externality Aspects of Climate Change Aspects a Description Climate change = kn and aon is global when considering its causes, consequences, -term scope Climate change causes long-term and persistent changes. | Impact uncertainties re canlating of economic impacts still has many uncertainties and risks. Potentially One of the most significant risks of climate change is that its consequences are non-reversible and create a non-marginal economic effect. non-reversible There dard political frameworks cs aie ae ecaait that the externality factors mentioned above produce four and economic recipes to tackle this situation. Political serious consequences: i ein the Policy Action Framework _ a Consequences of Climate Chang: Dac a Climate en i of one ton of x | ! The impart in developing countries than in developed aed : potenti oe nan ie to the fact that developing ee countries Ti yhic locations that are more prone to ly across the globe. ie st in geouraD hat a moe po 0 countries Br climate impects. THEY tig the negative Cline = and a lower ability to protect age inst n a dependency on mt — 2 of one ton of GHG emission juces soci -_ _ van (CWTS) Ue, Page 100ar out future generations. [alfbow the cued) for our current, buy 20 impact of global ara Th —— mainly ve 1 TP on if the cost embedded 10 yp? Aly, i | eae should be cons wt beara Value A Srnec ST ae ‘seco tay fiture income and expense rea if this discours it a h. — Climate change has Due to the large uncertainties eri oral and benefitg ~ uncertainties in difficult to set up 4 coherent ane yn fF ae base costs and benefits that policy makers and economic apes 7 lun; ie Mth must be explicitly considered, | insurance industy i the link of asbestos to fing tsetse, Ty ink was discovered around the beginning ©: Oth century, | However, uncertainties persisted about the embedded cog al asbestos to society. Therofore it took dozens of years totum ty scientific evidence into political action (prohibition) agg) economic activities (dismounting). ‘Climate change has ‘Without action today, the impacts on the global economy nigh potential of 2 huge be far more negative than for other more local negative economic impact. _ | problems (such a pollution). It is clear that action must be ty in two forms: ; * Mitigation activities to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions. = Adaptation activities to minimize the effects of climate| change. | Republic Act 9729 It is an act mainstreaming climate change into government policy formulations, establishing the framework strategy and program on climate change, creating for the purpose, the climate change commission and for other purposes. (please see Appendix 1 for the whole provisions of this act) The Philippines’ Response to the Problem of Climate Change ‘As a manifestation of the country’s commitment to engage in multilateral effors aiming to address the global problem of climate change and achieve sustainable development, the Philippines has participated in the discussions and negotiations leading to the ratification of various international agreements. These international agreements are geared to mitigation of the effects of climate change and the strategic adaptation to the conditions. T™ most important outcomes of these negotiations include the United Nations Frame Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) ratified on August 2, 1994 and the Kyoto th hich was ratified on November 20, 2003. At the national level, the Medium Term philipeit Development Plan of 2004-2010 (MTDP) underscored the need to manage the environ Br effectively in order for the country to address the problem of poverty particularly in areas. ‘wor Pangasinan State Unive ‘National Service T: (CWTS) UseAs one of the first . . a | mate Change in 1992, Ountries to gi ; limepment ad environnren DPS expressed rues Nations Framework Convention ites ofthe participating country to" bed ote eon the wig countries who have aligned meuntries, More specifically, Arti i aay of zt the climate system for oe with the man datae pr le 3 of > states basis of See a accordance wt Of present and fare nance “a Samankind, on the respective capabilities,” © with their common but differentiated ree jponsibilities and 2000, the Philippi: the milestones of the © pa forwarded to the UNFCCC its Initial National Communication, concerned. More specifically, this res &ccomplishing the objectives of the Convention are abatement and inventory, Also noted Presented the gains made in the fields of greenhouse gas institutions and processes in relati Were gains sighificantly achieved in strengthening try. A lot of work still needs oot, °° Mitigation, prevention and adaptation initiatives in the onsuvonalization of the prosccs oes SON though. Recommendations of the report include the feencies concemed and greater invents? inventory, Particularly among the government a i a of the academe through related studies. More studies os adaptation and vulnerability under climate oes conditions are also Under the Kyoto Protocol, developing countries such ilippines are called to yess and implement national measures that shal advance the iteration Commis agenda pertaining to environmental preservation through the redyction of greenhouse emissions (GHGs) in the atmosphere. Pursuant to the provisions in this treaty, the Philippines passed national legislations to uphold the agreements embedded in the Kyoto Protocol. The Clean Air Act of 1999, otherwise known as Republic Act 8749, was enacted in order to arrive at an effective air quality management program that will mitigate the worsening problem of air pollution in the country. Reinforcing the country’s drive towards a healthier environment was the enactment of the Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 (RA 9003) that aimed at providing a comprehensive solution to the country’s garbage problem. At the institutional level, the Philippines was he of ina Sete recognize the importance of a systematic institutional response to the problem of climate change. jor to the signing and ratification of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, the creation of the Inter-Agency Committee on Climate Change (IAC) in May 8, 1991 under the Environmental Management Bureau of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources ENR) was a camer manifestation of the Philippines’ attempt to promptly address ee is tives from government agencies as well as Of climate change. Composed a oe ‘of Presidential Order No. 220 with the seeretaty of ‘resentatives, IACC was crete Secretary of the DOST as co-chair. The ulinate im of he ENR sitting as chair an ize the various activities being undertaken by the national is to hamess and syne't to the crisis posed by growing problem on climate t and civil society in response “lange,.. The essential mandate of the IAC is to perform various coordinative, deyey, Monitoring functions with respect to activities related to climate change in the count ty advancing the government’s climate change As Organization that is at the foreftont in 4 i TACC likewise formulates policy actions and recommendations while at the same time ase Very significant role in terms of shaping the Philippines’ national positions in the international negotiations that aim to mitigate the effects of global climate change ang i the worse possible consequences of this. The IACC therefore ensures the Philippines: compliance to the mandates and principles contained in the UNFCCC and the Kyoty and sees to it that adequate public awareness campaign and initiatives are held to bring toall the — sectorsof the —_country. eiee 7, is G # __ wanaasinan State University National Service Training Program (CWTS) Use x aSTUDENT EVALUATION ee var section: Dates, a, L 1 , en EE NOOPOE it are the consequ 1, What “aUeNCes to be considered in framing up the policy on climate change? oe 2. What are the steps undertaken by the Philippine government to address the problem on climate change? r (CWTS) Use, . “Training Progcas Page 104 State UsSTup) ENT EVALU, ATION Name ee year & Section Date After discussin, . Scor 8 the different . test prepared to check how far Series of topics j you have leamed, Pics included in this Chapter, let us , let us answer the 1, It refers to seasonal chan, damental role i anges ones a peri i i fun role in shaping natural eco-prsg cin i hese climate pats play 2 stems and the human economics and culture. a. global warmin; . b. weather Ss oe change 2, Itis the result of greenhouse . aenaphere effect due to increased concentrations of greenhouse gases in the a. global warming c. climate change b. weather typhoon 3, Which of the following is true about the measurement of global warming? a. Concentration of greenhouse gas, specially the most prominent C2o. Includes o the more specific kinds of changes The average pattem of weather. None of the above. result of greenhouse gases trapping the sun’ heat and pes 4. The greenhouse effect occurs as keeping it closer to the: a. star b.moon ¢. sun 4. sunlight 1 atural the earth warm, similar to how 5. Itrefers to how gases in the earth's me a greenhouse keep plants war™- eee come Yee Use vay National SETAE. ‘Page 105& Whied of : the following is/are true about pectboas das? Solar radia; b earth 4 passes through the atmagphere and warms the sure of, Q Moat Tadiation is given off tom the earth. = @ All the above Tadiation escapes to outer space ,thus cooling the earth Whi Re aby ich of the following is not ‘an activity that contributes to the greenhouse gas level? b. Industrial Processes and mining & Landfill, septic and sewer systems s a. All of the above ‘ a 8. Itis the by-products of human induced or anthropogenio, climate change due to the fay energy consumption and changes in land use produce large quanties greenhouse gases. a Anthropogenic climate change b. Greenhouse gases c. Greenhouse effect ad Carbon dioxide 9, It refers to the process or activities that remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. a. Greenhouse effect b. Greenhouse gas sink c. Greenhouse gases a Green revolution 10. ‘The climate change impacts can be measured and described withthe following. a. Knowledge gaps, vulnerability b. Adaptation c. Socioeconomic d. All of the above ; ‘ ishing 11. Itis an act mainstreaming climate change into government policy formulations, establish the framework strategy and program on climate change. a. Republic Act 9279 b. Republic Act 2979 ¢. Republic Act 9729 d. Republic Act 9297 For Pangasinan State University National Service m (CWTS) Use a Page !!his refers to the adjustment a 1 ali, which in natural stimuli, moderates harm of exploit | lead faa in response to actual or expected a. Climate of Opportunities. 6 cuptation ©. limate variabj|i d. Climate nay x3 Ievefers 0 the causes resulting from human activities or produced by human bei ngs. a. Climate cl b. Climate variability « Anthropogenic causes d._ Adaptive capacity 14, It refers to @ serious disruption of the functioni i ‘ 4 d bi 5 ‘ ictioning of a community involvins ere Siseried Goer economic or environmental losses and Tmogcts which exceed the ability Ommunity or society to cope using its own resources. a. Disaster b. Disaster risk deduction c. Gender mainstreaming d. Mitigation warming 15. This refers to an increase in sea level which may influenced by factors like global : through expansion of the sea waters as the ocean warm and melting of ice over land a. Mitigation b. Mainstreaming c, Sea level rise d. vulnerability ; ature of the earth’s near surface ait and oceans that is 16, It is the increase in the average tempe! s associated with the increased ‘concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. a. Greenhouse effect b. Global warming c. Greenhouse gases d. Mitigation it ange thi to human intervention to address anthropogenic : photo er va ae ir of all GHG, including ozone depleting substance and their substitute. Mitigation Sea level rise Vulnerability Mainstreaming ee se18. Refers to the integration of Policies and measures that address climate development planning and sectoral decision-making. hays y @ Mitigation b. Mainstreaming ©. Global warming 4. Mitigation potential 19. It refers to constituents of the atmosphere that contribute to the greenhouse effect, ing, but not limited to carbon dioxide, methane nitrous oxide etc, iy a. Greenhouse effect b. Greenhouse gases ¢. Mitigation d. Green revolution 20. This refers to the scale of GHG reductions that could be make relative to emission basing for a given level of carbon price. Mainstreaming Mitigation Mitigation potential ‘Vulnerability nose us or Pangasinan State University National Service Program (CWTS) Use,Principh g, seven Principles of Environment and Environmental Laws etn eevee spout our 0° system. This section highti ntal problems that we encounter today is to learn woe, current environmental issues ae basic environmental principles, varied types of pate role of the youth in protecting our idvirctnas Ron that threaten the environment ture knows best. This princi, i pee Humans have eae is the most basic and in fact encompasses all the Jn essence, one must not go ea Rane and have to abide by the rules nature dictates. continuous and steady supply of Sea gi processes if one would like to ensure a One natural process ' Process that needs serious attention is nutrient cycling. In nature, nutrients from the environment to th is Dosa ejecan ring about imbalaneet Organisms and back to the environment. Any disruption in the Nature: has also its built-in mechani i aabili ‘ . ‘chanisms to maintain bal: f homeostasis-the seaabiliy eA eee iveness of the ccvirdtincnt for growth sa reproduction, and the oe jonships that exist between and among organisms which serve as population 2 all forms of life are important. Each organism plays a fundamental role in nature. Since such occupational or functional position, otherwise known as niche, cannot be simultaneously occupied by more than one specie, it is apparent that all living things must be considered as invaluable in the maintenance of homeostasis in the ecosystem. 3. Everything is connected to everything else. This principle is best exemplified by the concept of the ecosystem. In an ecosystem, all biotic and amniotic components interact with each other to ensure that the system is perpetuated. Any outside interference may result in an imbalance and the deterioration of the system. 4, Everything changes. It is said that the only permanent thing is change. As @ general classification, change may be linear, cyclical or random. ‘As example of linear change is evolution of species, which has brought about higher and more complex types of organisms, Cyclical change may be exemplified by seasons. An example of random change is the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo, which brought about great upheaval in many parts of Luzon and changes in the topography of the land. changing. isms also evolve through time. However, . . Organi: bray ae coos rare changes often to problematic extent. Although Mutation is a natural change, Pe sticides have induced insect mutations, which are not matched by5: Rverything must go vomewhere, ame Sea wae “8 tg Sight but it does not conse to exist. Gases i, Smokestacks may disperse but it will end up a fod tena: ot nt atmosphere one : down by rains, What a Particular type of waste does to the earth’s Feposi shot Concem to us. It may be a pollutant of a resource depending on certain factory, Me 6. Ours is a finite earth. The earth’s resources can be classified as cither Tench renewable. Renewable resources are those that can easily be teplenisheq i, (©.8. water, air, plants, and animals) while non-renewable Tesources are thay be replenished through natural cycles (e.g, ores of various metals, oil, coal), att 7. Nature is beautiful and we are stewards of God’s creation, Among al humans are the only ones made in God’s image and have been given the righ inion over all His creations, Being the most intelligent and gifted Th.” PF Favaged or abused but to be taken care of Vhmans Camo exist witoy yet are co-natural with the environment they live in. ioxBangasinan State University National Service Training P vig a“ mage ttSTU = DENT EVALUATION 8808 ee year 8 Seton ——____ Seore izing the Seven Br contextua! nvironmental P , ehh ri i oamental Principles into concrete exan alee te Philippine Setting. Translate the tions based on contemporary situation. 1, Nature knows best, 2, All forms of life are important, 3, Everything is —— to everything else. 4, Everything changes. 5. Everything must go somewhere. 6. Ours is a finite earth. and we are stewards of God's creation. 7. Nature is beautiful= C Forest Protection, Conservation ang ; develo; ‘There is a need to protect pment tural ‘and man-made distor Preserve the envi ested oF balanced eo.systen) OF ote carota, "Te toning toga following strategies are I Sustained Environmental Ea the people can be vigilantly ni" ~ through sut mental education, eovironment speelally the aware of the Sayer pa the natural forests, fishing sta ‘ater, land and alr resources by wisely utilizing the ds, mineral deposits and other national wealth. . Group Environmenta 2 initiators of ee ~ establishment of groups and institutions to serve as Cducation campaigns through formal and non-formal a ees a 7 f Environmental Science and Management in UP-Los Banos, ‘wareness Campaign for Environment in Miriam College, etc.) 33 oe a ~ Proper use, care and maintenance of wildlife sanctuaries, forest 5 urces and other pertinent components of the ecosystem. 4. Systematic Plans and Goals - creation of operational plans for the protection and/or maintenance of the ecosystem, which may include formulation of educational training programs, establishment of policy supports and collaboration with academic and professional organizations. Ecological Protection/care — cooperation among local government units, non- government organizations, private groups and the civil society in protecting or caring their areas of concern (forests, seas and coral reefs, rivers and lakes, soil and other sources of life) to preserve ecological balance. 6. Ecological Seminars — conduct of trainings, seminars, workshops vis-a-vis preservation measures on the environment in planning programs and projects for all localities. Resources — cognizant of the fact that increase in population the gravity of ecological destruction, experts on population and should find ways and means on how to balance the population resources. 7. Balancing Pollution and has a significant effect on environmental protection with that of the utilization of available¥) Water Sanitation and Conservation - wear = ee Day Theme seleoted for 2000 was “Water-Two Billion ey, . - most precio aad ow OOF planet — Water calls on each of us to help safeguard the Prec! v8 soe _ __ Inthe Phitippines, the World Environment Day is fittingly observed for the Whole n,, ff eve Nth various evens spearheaded by the Department of Environment and Nay, Surves and various nongovernmental organizations, __ The 2003 celebrations hope to instill awareness on the need to conserve freshwate, 5, main source of life and livelihood in the country and for the Filipino citizen t0 conserve vat, their daily activities, ‘The celebration about the environment began in 1970 to coincide with the vernal ein, and tolerance among all human in the pursuit of global peace. In Fecognition of Worg Environment Month, environmental leaders from around the world seek to implement the Earg Charter for sustainable development and living and to spread the world about environmen awareness. ‘The charter comprises a set of broad principles designed to guide all humans toward 1 sustainable way of life. “It’s a declaration of widely shared and common goals. It sets forh fundamental ethical principles for protecting the environment, for building a strong community locally and globally, and for maintaining @ sustainable way of life. It is an expression of hope and a call to action.” Said Steven Tockefeller, Chairman of the Earth Charter International drafting committee. It is also a call for action in support of the environment, a declaration of interdependence and responsibility. They are: 1, Respect earth and life in all its diversities, 2. Care for the community of life with understanding, compassion and love. 3. Build democratic societies that are just, participatory, sustainable and peaceful. 4 Secure earth’s bounty and beauty for present and future generations. 5, Protect and restore the integrity of earth’s ecological systems, with special concem™ for biological diversity and the natural processes that sustain life. 6. pavet kam as the best method of environmental protection and, when knowledg* : 7 limited, apply a precautionary approach. * “dopt patterns of production, consumption and reproduction that safeguard earth's regenerative capacities, human rights a community well-being. For Pai asin ‘ ( ) a er. State Universit National Service Training Program (CWTS) Use Page 1114. 15. 16. , Advance the Study of ecg} ,_Eradicate poverty as an ethical, ). Ensure that economic Activities _ Affirm gender equality and = logic ‘i hange and ‘gical Sustainability and promote the open exc! ‘Acquired, wide application of the knowledge + Social and environmental imperative. and institutions at all levels promote human and ‘Sustainable manner, Quity as prerequisites to sustainable development and education, health care and economic opportunity. development in an equitable ensure universal access to . Uphold the right of el, without discrimination, to natural and social environment supportive of human dignity, bodily health and spiritual well-being, with special attention to the plight of indigenous people and minorities. . Strengthen democratic institutions at all levels, and provide transparency and accountability in governance, inclusive participation in decision making, and access to justice. Integrate into formal education and lifelong learning the knowledge, values and skill needed for a sustainable way of life. Treat all living beings with respect and consideration, and Promote a culture of tolerance, nonviolence and peace. CWTS) Use, pruning Prog Page 114 sional SoncsSTUDENy | EVAL Name ATION Year sa Date tere oe A. Cite concrete examples on how we can; 1, Res; ect earth and life in ait i understanding, compassion and i diversities for the community of life with ve, 2. Care for the community of life with understanding, compassion and love. B. As a student, how can you promote a culture of tolerance, nonviolence, and peace? Discuss. C. Identify the values you have leamed from this lesson. a te them in your life asa conscientious student of D. How can you integrate Pe our school? Explain you ®7° srraialy a SON - ions Se Page 115Cleaning up water Ways in dust others) Tial and other sites (hospital, esteros and pepublic Act 8749 RA 8749 — is also known ag “Php prehensive policy and cont Program for air See Pine Ch P seniewing and maintaining healthy air lean Air Act of 1999", Moreover, it is a for all Paint’, Management in the Philippines aimed at The Act lays down policies to control aioe reas IAW: a aan MB Concerns to fol ets Of tit pollution; sets standards for violators aha sha ines the different 3 imposes the appropriate punishments for jnorder to manage and maintain air quality, "SNS to be implemented by the government As such, all potential sources of ai gem Air Act. All emissions must of air pollution must comply with the provisions of the be within the air quality standards set under its law. qhe Clean Air Act i Rocognioater tin tik over-all mandate of the State. 3. The noteworthy ase GF Ae ee pee shall guarantee. oe res of the Air Quality Management Systems are the provisions regarding airsheds and non-attainment areas. 4. The Act gives an initial list of hazardous air pollutants and guidelines for ambient air quality. 5. Prohibition and regulation of other substances. a. Ozone-depleting substances. Consistent with the Montreal Protocol of which the Philippines is a signatory. ODS shall be phased out. b. Flourinated Greenhouse Gases identified in KYOTO Protocol to the United Nations Framework on Climate Change. Framework convention on Climate Change, the DENR shall prepare a educe greenhouse gas emissions. aoe ee prepare an inventory of is Organic Pollutants. The DENR shall “ Se eee elimination of these substances. in the Country and @ program for s Be . pas Substances. The Philippine Nuclear Research Institute, e. DENR and related agencies shall regulate all projects that involve release joacti’ stances. ; . : : 7 ratio ung Smoking in any enclosed public space including Es olluti rivate spaces outside of one’s residence ig » c re rs pba shall be implemented by the LGU. h. _ Leaded Gasoline, The manufacture, importation, ‘sale, disposal of j, gasoline and engines and components requiring leaded-gasoling ‘ prohibited. THE ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ACT OF 2000 (RA 9003) riety Republic Act 9003 Otherwise known as the “Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000”, RA 9003 considers “waste as a source that can be recovered”, emphasizing recycling, Te-use, and composting as methods to minimize and eventually manage the waste problem. It aims at reducing solid waste through “source reduction and waste minimization measures including composting, recycling, re-use, recovery, green charcoal process, ang others before collection, treatment and disposal in appropriate and environmentally soung solid waste management facilities in accordance with ecologically sustainable development principles” (Section 2-C) RA 9003 also sets to “ensure the proper segregation, collection, transport, storage, treatment, and disposal of solid waste through the formulation and adoption of the best environmental practice in ecological waste management excluding incineration” (Section 2- D) This Act also gives strong emphasis on the role of municipal and local government units (LGUs), empowering them to create solid waste management communities even in the barangay level. This requires the participation of non-government offices, people’s organizations, church leaders, educators, and other business and community associations. Q What is ecological SWM? A itis the systematic management of solid waste which provides for: Waste reduction at source; 1 2 Segregation at source for recovery of teusables, recyclables and compostables; Segregated transportation, stors fe i i lid meal rage, transfer, processing, treatment and disposal of sol 4. All other waste management activities which do not harm the environment. For Pangasinan State University National Service Zraining Program SCWTS) Use ee Page 117“= re the laws an, ‘ations overn so) ‘gu that g id regui, toy lid waste mai 0 ew) in the Philippines» ce laws and regulations are . pepublic Act (RA) No, 9003 (« ent of Envir ("The Beologialsoig Waste Management Act of 2000"), 2 (DAO) No. 2001-34 oe nd Natural R, 9003. . is the Implementing Rees one) Aaiministatve Order what is the definition of solid wa, gulations (IRR) ; , ste und id waste refers to all discard, ler RA 9003? 4 oa and industrial waste, ee poushold ‘Waste, commercial waste, non-hazardous ‘ger nor-bazardous/non-toxic and solid waste” Construction debris, agricultural waste, and Department of Agriculture a); Metro Manila Development Authori League of Provincial Governors; ‘ority (MMDA); League of City Mayors; League of Municipal Mayors; Association of Barangay Councils; Technical Education and Skills Development Authori 5 . Philippine Information Agency CIA), pment Authority (TESDA); and PAIAMweeEpe Q What is the priority of the ecological SWM system? A The first priority of the ecological SWM system shall be volume reduction at the source. Ali LGUs are required to actively promote among its constituencies the reduction and minimization of wastes generated at source. Q What are the other major SWM activities under RA 9003? A They are : 1. Processing; 2. Collection and transport; 7 3. Establishment of materials recovery facility; and 4. Disposal. QWhat does “processing” cover? _ A Processing” covers the following activities: L Segregation; 3 Re-use; . Recycling: and 4 Composting m (CWTS) i inins an State University Nationsl Socice Page 118pat are the categories p Q vig waste shall 'Y which A golid waste 8 be segregated into the nx Solid waste shall be segregated? J} table; lowing categories: Non-recyclable; ” Recyclable; Special wastes; and yy other classificati i * Commission Hon determined by the National Solid Waste Management weepe what is re-use? Q ace se, which is mi A Rowe her for the 5 dated by RA 9003, refers to the a ysed aga © same or different py 0 the recovery of materials intended to be ristics. Examples: reusing bottles, ae ition altering their physical and chemical er, using old newspaper as wrapping/packing a Heaeel container, using back of “used” Q What is recycling? aren formed poe uF = 9003, refers to the process by which solid waste goods or services. BN or used as raw materials for the production of other Q What is eco-labeling? ‘A It is a coding system for packaging materials and ili i products to facilitate waste recycling and reuse, The DTI Bureau of Product Standards is tasked to formulate and implement such coding system. Q How is “environmentally acceptable” defined in RA 9003? A Environmentally acceptable refers to the quality of being reusable, biodegradable or compostable, recyclable and not toxic or hazardous to the environment. Q What is composting? A Composting, which is mandated by law, matter by microorganisms, mainly bacteria and refers to the controlled decomposition of organic fungi, into a humus-like product. Q What is collection? A Mandated by law, collect ‘fom a communal storage point. (CWTS) Use, . ‘Training Proptso State University Nations sends Page 119 ion refers to the act of removing solid waste from the source or‘nats aspostl” ; Q What ap ors to the discharge, deposit, dumping, spilling, leaking or placing of any soi aS Eo inany land. mere are three (yPe? of disposal. They are; dump; t Srroled dump; and 3, Sanitary landfill. Q What is an open dump? A. An open dump is a disposal area where solid wastes are indiscriminately thrown oF dispoge of without due planning and consideration for environmental and health standard. Q What is a controlled dump? A A controlled dump is a disposal site in which solid waste is deposited in accordance with the minimum prescribed standards of site operation to minimize possible adverse impacts on the environment. Q What is a sanitary landfill? A Sanitary landfill is a waste disposal site properly designed, constructed, operated and maintained in a manner that poses the least environmental impacts. F. The Role of the Youth in the Environmental Protection and Management Basic Concepts in Environment 1, Change. Is constant and its effect in the ecological system is disturbing reason for governments of different countries to enact laws that safeguard and protect the environment. 2, Diversity and Stability. It creates and promote environmental stability. This explains the theory of symbiosis wherein things are necessary and exigent in the maintenance of the existence of another, Interdependence. The use and abuse of one will greatly affect each other causing imbalance and threat to the environment. In the utilization of the environment, man needs to be wary in order to maintain equilibrium. “Green Resolutions’ for Earth Day Every time we celebrate Earth Daj i 5": iy, we are all reminded of the three “R’s’ Reduse, Reuse, and Recycle, As conscientious students, we can add a fourth “R” to this listWe can resolve Ive: 0 do et gg wo Will likely save money oe Small thin + time ang Simplify our i, day to help the earth, and in the oqo are me SUBEEHHIONS WOFtH cong, ; mat 7 a cole font or tet, Teusing and PEN Your home, © Md Feeveling at home, Start with these house bursting at the Js your . 1© Seams? JE. for each new item you bring po 2° YU spend mon ide ved, and by owni ing home, re money on things you never use? Here is ss clutered 'y owning fewer items you ate flee in ings ey, Yon owe will be um use of on a poe Wap Jour Pes in old ae Blass or ceramic mugs, cups and plates instead of 7 is 8 inst i - mover the Internet instead of paper candy as Fa rein apes fend your loved ones e- cone p ie pa oa sts nd use them to fertilize your lawn, yard or watt contain harmful chemicals, waste steam, and you will get a free fertilizer that Install water saving faucets and e nile providing comparable waste re mehends They can cut water consumption in half, 2, Green resolutions for shopping Once you have reduced your use and waste at h and the Soe anting erie himlp sos jome, you can still benefit yourself Buy in bulk. Purchase staples ~ beverages, pasta, body care products and toilet paper — by the case and carton. You will save money, reduce wasteful packaging and always have the items you use most on hand. Purchase organic products. Buying organic products are widely available, from food to clothing, and even home furnishing. Buy used products. ‘There are many fabulous used products: clothes, appliances, furniture, cars ... all waiting for new homes. When you buy used products, you are not only saving money, you are saving items from going into a Jandfill, and eliminating the pollution and use of sources involved in creating new products. 3. Green resolutions at work Ifyou have already taken actions to make your home more environmental friendly, why not these same strategies at your workplace? k service Trai wn (WTS) Us ~ State Nations! Page 121make 0 notepad. Instead of discardin, io i Scrap paper, cut them in half and olip toge' ee Sy yous Make double-sided copies of documents whenever possible, and #@* 7 double-sided. oducts: Encourage your office to switch to recycled, chlorine-free paper Pr 4, Green resolutions fc muni lutions for your community tad rinsgier 71. at If you are already a pro at green resolutions in your daily Hife pick a resolution to benefit your community. local environmental in a I ch, or joi? Volunteer at a clean-up day at a local park or beacts group. Start a neighborhood garage” where neighbo rarely used, for example, ladders. ive items that are large, exPens rs can sharesT 'UDENT EVALUATION ie the 4 given suggestions. Do yo le resolutions at ‘ ‘ : you think it should start first with simpl i analy’ , fome? Explain your view. ee ' . can you offer other suggestions!” green resolutions"? What are they’ it ? aA RY URMA Fee. sew BE WERE TECHNOL 08: CENTER LINGAYEN- PANGASINAN Uni National, ‘Service Traini ym (CWTS) Us Page 123uh . National Security Concern 8 eon ia | i ee Gio) ARSESEMINT (OMA) OUTCOMES: INTEGRATION _+——_ smmenen ri ont [ROUT ——| ae [west CONCERNS os | wel | Hoot as 14 | Geter commiy ws baling ets Tmt et Nato senty | 1 Lact fin 1. Sacarty i feeusing on binding ton 1 cabin showing. le ‘mone work for a common pas ae, 106 geod. ‘a7, ueendo |? Monee 2 arepaogine | * Fawr pce | * ober 6 Cooperation 1 tetein 1s ieeiy 9. Rag 4: Roleotite You intel | ME Seer stoi aes Siercambisia Sevsi