1.

0 Background of the study

In 1990, under-five mortality showed estimated 12.5 million children died before reaching 5
years old. We can see that the number of child deaths under 5 years old was very high in 1990.
Fortunately, substantial global progress has been made to reduce child deaths since 1990. In
2019, a research came out with the number of under-5 deaths decreased to 5.2 million compared
to 1990 which is 12.6 million. It means that 1 in 27 children died before 5 years old, compared to
1 in 11 children in 1990.  That number has decreased 59% since 1990. 

The World Health Organization (WHO) states that sub-Saharan Africa has the highest
number of children dead below 5 years old. In Nigeria, an estimated 858 million number of
children died below age 5 and record the highest in 2019 according to the research from the
World Health Organization (WHO). The Sustainable Development Goal 3.2.1 has been approved
by the United Nations in 2015. The objective of this goal is to promote healthy lives and well-
being for all children and it plans to end preventable deaths of newborns and under-5 children by
2030. 

In Malaysia, the trend of under-5 death mortality rate shows that the value of rate is
stable from 2010 to 2019 which means the value has been controlled among 8.0. Apart from that,
Malaysia still needs to be aware because the mortality rate has increased in 2019 which is 8.4. 

1.1 Objective of the study

1. to identify the most contributing gender to under-5 deaths from 2010 to 2018.
2. to analyze the state that contributes the most to under-5 deaths based on number and rate
of under-5 deaths from 2010 to 2018.
3. to measure the most dispersion years according to number and rate of under-5 deaths
from 2010 to 2018.

4. to compute the central tendency based on the total number and rate for under-5 deaths
from 2010 to 2018.