BKMFKBFQÉJ GF WQÊK_BWD
IB MVBNNFQID IJKOBNNJ VQQFJ
WJQFJ # :8
Xrda nfij
nfi j :0 Kd. ?:7<:<85:
?:7<:<85:
Fk nj pjrtf j) gf nj sbmubfktf lbmurj sf prfsfktjk nds vdnðifkfs iêxbids edrjrbds fk vfeéounds
ibxtds fk nj bktfrsfoobÿk gf gds ojnnfs, fk jutds (J), jutdausfs (A) y ojibdkfs (O).

 Jgfiês, sf odkdofk
odkdofk nds sbmubfktfs
sbmubfktfs gjtds0
gjtds0
•  Ljotdr gf nj edrj gf iêxbij gfijkgj0 8.56 pjrj tdgds nds joofsds.
•  Jutdiÿvbnfs fqubvjnfktfs0 :.= pjrj jutdausfs y 1.1 pjrj ojibdkfs.
•  Ljotdr gf :.87 pdr vufntjs j nj bzqubfrgj (prdtfmbgjs).
•  _f prfsfktjk 185 pfjtdkfs pdr edrj.
•  Gf joufrgd odk nds jkoeds gf nds joofsds gf njs rfspfotbvjs ojnnfs, odksbgfrf pjrj ojgj ljsf0
✟ Vk bktfrvjnd jijrbnnd gf ?.1 sfmukgds

✟ Vk bktfrvjnd tdgd rd`d gf0

d  1.: sfmukgds pjrj nj ljsf :

d  :.? sfmukgd pjrj nj ljsf 1
•  Lnu`d gf sjturjobÿk gf :,5=7 jutdiÿvbnfs gbrfotds fqubvjnfktfs pdr edrj gf nuz vfrgf
vfrgf pdr ojrrbn.

Gftfribkjr nj prdmrjijobÿk gf nds tbfipds gfn sfiêldrd, dpfrjkgd nj bktfrsfoobÿk fk uk pnjk gf gds
ljsfs, ukj pjrj ojgj joofsd, odid sf iufstrj fk nj pjrtf a) gf nj lbmurj.

Qfpjrtd gf nds tbfipds gfn sfiêldrd fk ukj bktfrsfoobÿk gf gds joofsds

Oênound gf pdrofktj`f gf jutdausfs y ojibdkfs0 X AA  y
  y X W
W   
 Joofsd Dfstf0
Dfstf0
Idvbibfktd gbrfotd (G )0
)0
:88  6= 5 +7777 + ?<  <.<5% 
     +  +  :88
   ?<
      +  +  :88 6=5+77+?<   6.7=% 
:88  6=5+77+?<
:
 

Idvbibfktd j nj bzqubfrgj (\B) 0

:88  :1 7 +:=:= + 5  ::.78% 
     +  +  :88
:88  :1 7 +5:= + 5  6.?<% 
      +  +  :88
 Joofsd _ur0
_ur0
Idvbibfktd gbrfotd (G) 0
    :88 :88    5   :8.61% 
     ++++ :88 <?+5+6
  6   <.6=% 
<?+5+6
Idvbibfktd j nj bzqubfrgj ( \G )0
)0
  =   :1.8<% 
     +  +  :88  72+=+1
  1   ?.77% 
      +  +  :88  72+=+1
Ljotdr gf prfsfkobj gf vfeéounds pfsjgds0 l  E\   
Odk nj foujobÿk (?)0
  :88  

 Joofsd Dfstf0
Dfstf0    :88+ ∑ : +  ∑ : +  ∑ :
Idvbibfktd gbrfotd (G )0
)0
 
   :88+6.7= :88
:88+6.7=1.1∑:
1.1∑: +<.<5 :.=∑:  8.28? 
+<.<5:.=∑:
Idvbibfktd j nj bzqubfrgj ( \B )0
)0
   :88+6.?<  :88
:88+6.?<1.1∑:
1.1∑: +::.78 :.=∑:  8.5=5 
+::.78:.=∑:
 Joofsd _ur0
_ur0
Idvbibfktd gbrfotd (G )0
)0
 
   :88+<.6= :88
:88+<.6=1.1∑:
1.1∑: +:8.61 :.=∑:  8.5=1 
+:8.61:.=∑:
Idvbibfktd j nj bzqubfrgj ( \G )0
)0
  1.1∑:
   :88+?.77
:88+?.77 :88 +:1.8<
1.1∑: :.=∑:  8.52: 
+:1.8<:.=∑:
Odkvfrsbÿk gf vfeéounds ibxtds j jutdiÿvbnfs gbrfotds fqubvjnfktfs0  JGF  
_fmðk nj foujobÿk (7), nds lnu`ds fqubvjnfktfs pjrj ojgj ukd gf nds joofsds sdk0
    (   : )   
     
 Joofsd Dfstf0
Dfstf0
Idvbibfktd gbrfotd (G )0
)0
   :  6=5+77+?<     : )  712  
1
      ( )  1   (
8.56 8.28? ℋ
Idvbibfktd j nj bzqubfrgj ( \B )0
)0
     (   : )     :17+:=+5
      :17+:=+5
8.56    (   :
8.5=5)  
:.87
:.87   185 
ℋ 
1
 

 Joofsd _ur0
_ur0
Idvbibfktd gbrfotd (G )0
)0
     (   : )   <?+5+6
 <?+5+6   (   : )  :8?  
   8.56 8.5=1 ℋ
Idvbibfktd j nj bzqubfrgj ( \G )0
)0
Xjrj uk vdnuifk idgfrjgd gf 188 pfjtdkfs pdr edrj, odk nds vfeéounds quf gjk vufntj j nj
gfrfoej, gf nj tjanj :?.6, sf datbfkf uk fqubvjnfktf F \\G 
 9 :.?1 0
G  9

     (   : )    72+=+1

 72+=+1   (   : ) :.?1
:.?1   :8:  
    8.56 8.52: ℋ
Nj sbmubfktf lbmurj iufstrj nds lnu`ds jotujnbzjgds fk jutdiÿvbnfs gbrfotds fqubvjnfktfs pdr edrj,
pjrj nds gds joofsds gf nj bktfrsfoobÿk.

Lnu`ds jotujnbzjgds fk jutdiÿvbnfs gbrfotds fqubvjnfktfs pdr edrj

Wbfipd pfrgbgd pdr ljsf0 B bb   

Vtbnbzjkgd nj foujobÿk (2)0
      +  
       + +    ?.1+1.:  6.?  
  ?.1+:.?  7.6  
Wbfipd tdtjn pfrgbgd pdr obond0 N  
_fmðk nj foujobÿk (:8)0

   +   
 
 9
   +    
     +  +    +   6.?+
6.? + 7.6  2.5 

 
9
Iêxbijs rfnjobdkfs gf lnu`d jotujn q  j
 j lnu`d gf sjturjobÿk s  pdr
 pdr ojrrbn pjrj ojgj ljsf0
_fmðk nj foujobÿk (:7)0
   ê
  
?
 

 Joofsd _ur0
_ur0 nds idvbibfktds
idvbibfktds gbrfotd
gbrfotd y nj vufntj
vufntj
 Joofsd Dfstf0
Dfstf0 j nj gfrfoej sf flfotðjk fk uk sdnd ojrrbn, pdr nd
quf nj iêxbij rfnjobÿk fs0

Idvbibfktd Gbrfotd (G )0

)0 Idvbibfktd Gbrfotd (G )0
)0
   ê    :,5=7
712   8.115  ,   ê    :,5=7
187   8.:85 
\ufntj j nj bzqubfrgj (\B )0
)0

185   8.::8 
   ê    :,5=7
:,5=7 
Ndkmbtug gfn obond ÿptbid0 O d 
d  
_fmðk nj foujobÿk (1)0
   ::.6+6
∑ √    
9

   : :.6 +6    :.66 + 6     :.6:.6:8

:8 + 6   12.<6  
∑ √9   : ∑  ∑ , :∑8.115∑8.::7
 Jprdxbijkgd j iðntbpnds gf 6 sfmukgds, gfaf usjrsf ukj ndkmbtug gf obond gf ?8 sfmukgds.
tdtjn0   m 
Wbfipd vfrgf flfotbvd tdtjn0 m WW   
_fmðk nj foujobÿk (::)0
   ∑  
  ?8
?8 ∑ :8 
   18  
Qfpjrtd gf nds tbfipds vfrgfs flfotbvds0  m bb   
Gf joufrgd odk nj foujobÿk (:1)0
    +   + ⋤ +   
     +,    8.115+8.::8
  8.115 18 18  :?  
    +,   8.::8 18
,    8.115+8.::8 18  =  
Wbfipds vfrgfs rfjnfs0 M bb   
Gf joufrgd odk nj foujobÿk (:?) nds tbfipds vfrgfs rfjnfs pjrj ojgj ljsf sdk0
   +  ∑  ∑   :?+
:? + 6.? ∑ 7.6 ∑ :  ::?? 


 
   +  ∑  ∑   =+
= + 6.? ∑ 7.6 ∑ 1  < 



 
Nj sbmubfktf lbmurj iufstrj fn gbjmrjij gf prdmrjijobÿk gf nds tbfipds fk njs gds ljsfs0

7
 

Xrda nfij
nfi j 1 Kd. ?:7<:<85:
?:7<:<85:
Fk nj pjrtf j) gf nj sbmubfktf lbmurj sf prfsfktjk nds vdnðifkfs iêxbid-edrjrbds fk vfeéounds
ibxtds fk nj bktfrsfoobÿk gf gds jrtfrbjs prbkobpjnfs.

 Jgbobdkjnifktf, sf sjaf
 Jgbobdkjnifktf, sjaf quf0
•  Xdrofktj`f gf jutdausfs0 =% Joofsd Kdrtf, 6% Joofsd _ur :?% Joofsds Fstf y Dfstf.
•  Kd ejy prfsfkobj gf ojibdkfs gf ojrmj, kd gf vfeéounds rforfjtbvds.
•  Ljotdr gf nj edrj gf iêxbij gfijkgj 8.56 pjrj tdgds nds joofsds.
•
  Jutdiÿvbnfs fqubvjnfktfs0 :.7= pjrj jutdausfs, :.8< pdr vufntjs j nj bzqubfrgj (prdtfmbgjs) y
:.1: pdr vufntjs j nj gfrfoej, sbk pfjtdkfs fk odklnbotd.
•  _fmðk nds jjkoeds
koeds gf nds
nds ojrrbnfs y njs lj`js sfpjrjgdrjs ofktrjnfs gf nj bktfrsfoobÿk, odksbgfrf
pjrj ojgj ljsf uk bktfrvjnd jijrbnnd gf 1.7 sfmukgds y uk bktfrvjnd tdgd rd`d gf 1.: sfmukgds.
•  Gfabgd j nj gbspdkbabnbgjg gf ojrrbnfs fspfobjnfs gf vufntj j nj gfrfoej fk nds joofsds Fstf,
_ur y Dfstf, nds vfeéounds rfjnbzjk fstj ijkbdarj sbk nj bklnufkobj gfn sfiêldrd, fxofptd nds gfn
joofsd Kdrtf gdkgf nj vufntj j nj gfrfoej fs odipjrtbgj odk idvbibfktds gbrfotds.
•  Lnu`d gf sjturjobÿk gf :,56< jutdiÿvbnfs gbrfotds fqubvjnfktfs pdr edrj gf nuz vfrgf
vfrgf pdr ojrrbn.
_f qubfrf gftfribkjr nj prdmrjijobÿk gf nds tbfipds gfn sfiêldrd, dpfrjkgd nj bktfrsfoobÿk fk uk
pnjk gf 7 ljsfs, ukj pjrj ojgj joofsd, odid sf iufstrj fk nj pjrtf a) gf nj sbmubfktf lbmurj.

Qfpjrtd gf nds tbfipds gfn sfiêldrd fk 7 ljsfs

 Jutdiÿvbnfs gbrfotds fqubvjnfktfs0 JGF  
Ljotdr pdr flfotd gf jutdausfs, foujobÿk (?)0
    :88+   ∑ : + :88   ∑ : +   ∑ :
 

     :8   :88   :88

 Joofsd Kdrtf0
Kdrtf0
:888 ++ ∑ :   3     
:.7=∑:  3    8.2<5 
:88 + =:.7=∑:
 Joofsd _ur0
_ur0     :88  + :88  ∑ :
  3     
  :88
:.7=∑:  3    8.2== 
+ 6:.7=∑:
:888 +6
:8
 Joofsds Fstf y Dfstf0
Dfstf0     :88  + :88
  ∑ :
  3     
:888  +:?
:8 :88:.7=∑:  3     8.271 
:.7=∑:
+ :?
6
 

Xufgfk ojnounjrsf nds lnu`ds fqubvjnfktfs pjrj nds gblfrfktfs joofsds, utbnbzjkgd nj foujobÿk (7).
Xjrj fn Joofsd Kdrtf sf tbfkf0
Idvbibfktd gbrfotd ojrrbn gfrfoed (G )0
)0

     (   : )  3      1?8 (   : )  3    158   

    8.56 8.2<5  ℋ
Idvbibfktd gbrfotd ojrrbn ofktrjn (G )0
)0

  (  : )  3   

  
       8.56
7:: (8.2<5
  : )  3   688 
688  
ℋ 
\ufntj j nj bzqubfrgj (\B ) tjanj :?.70

     (   : )    3     ?<7 (   : ) :.8=

     8.56 8.2<5 :.8=  3    7=?
  
ℋ
\ufntj j nj gfrfoej (\G ) tjanj :?.60

 9 :.:5  
F \\G 
G  9

     (   : )    3      75 (   : ) :.1:

     8.56 8.2<5 
:.1:  3    =:
  
ℋ
 Jpnbojkgd nds fqubvjnfktfs
fqubvjnfktfs rfspfotbvds
rfspfotbvds pjrj nds gfiês joofsds, sf datbfkfk nd jutdiÿvbnfs gbrfot
gbrfotds
ds
fqubvjnfktfs pdr edrj, quf sf iufstrjk fk nj lbmurj.
Joofsd Kdrtf0 Joofsd _ur0

  158  ℋ      1:6 (   : )  162 

8.56 8.2== ℋ 

   
 :1<   :  
 

  688  ℋ   8.56

8.56((8.2==
8.2==))  :61 ℋ
   7=? ℋ     67   : ) :.86
   8.56 (8.2== :.86  <6  
ℋ
   =:  
ℋ      ::? (   : ) :.:5
8.56 8.2== :.:5   :?< 
ℋ  

Joofsd Xdkbfktf0 Joofsd Drbfktf0

    :81 (   : )  :1= 
8.56 8.271 ℋ       :86 (   : )  :?: 
8.56 8.271 ℋ  

6? (   : ) :.86
   8.56 8.271 :.86   <=      :17 (   : ) :.86
ℋ  
8.56 8.271 :.86   :66 
ℋ  

  55   :    
 :8?   :    

  8.56
8.56((8.271 :.:5  ::8 ℋ   8.56
8.271)) :.:5 8.56((8.271
8.271)) :.:5
:.:5  :15 ℋ
 Jutdiÿvbnfs Gbrfotds Fqubvjnfktfs (JGF) pdr edrj
<
 

Wbfipd tdtjn pfrgbgd pdr obond0 N

_fmðk nj foujobÿk (:8)0
 
    +   3       +   
9 9
   +  +    +  +    +  +    +  
   
  1.7+1.:
 1.7+1.: + 1.7+1.:
1.7+1.: + 1.7+1.:
1.7+1.: + 1.7+1.:
1.7+1.: 
  :5  
Iêxbijs rfnjobdkfs(:7)
_fmðk nj foujobÿk gf lnu`d jotujn10q j lnu`d gf sjturjobÿk s pdr ojrrbn pjrj ojgj ljsf0
prdanfij
   ê
  
Ljsf :0 Ljsf 10
688   8.1<2     ê     :1=   8.8<5 
   ê    :,56<  :,56<
Ljsf ?0 Ljsf 70
   ê    :,56<
162   8.:?2     ê     :66   8.85? 
 :,56<
Ndkmbtug gfn obond ÿptbid0 Od 
Gf joufrgd odk nj foujobÿk (1)0
   ::.6+6
∑ √9    
    ::.6+6    :.6+6     :.6 :.6:5
:5 + 6
∑ √9   : ∑  ∑  ∑  ∑  :∑8.1<2∑8.8<5∑8.:?2∑8.85? 
  =1.6  
Njs ndkmbtugfs gf nds obonds sf rfgdkgfjk j nds 6 ibkutds, pdr nd quf0
    =6 
 
Wbfipd vfrgf flfotbvd tdtjn0 m W 
Odk nj foujobÿk (::)0
   ∑  
   66 =66 ∑ 18   
=
Wbfipds vfrgfs flfotbvds0 mb 
Odk nj foujobÿk (:1)0
    +   + ⋤ +   
   +   +  +     8.1<2+8.8<5+8.:?2+8.85?
  8.1<2 66
66  12  
   +   +  +     8.1<2+8.8<5+8.:?2+8.85?
  8.8<5 66
66  =  
  8.:?2
   +   +  +     8.1<2+8.8<5+8.:?2+8.85? 66
66  :6  
   +   +  +     8.1<2+8.8<5+8.:?2+8.85?
  8.85? 66
66  2  
=
 

Wbfipds vfrgfs rfjnfs0 Mb 

_fmðk nj foujobÿk (:?), nds tbfipds vfrgfs rfjnfs pjrj ojgj ljsf sdk bmujnfs j nds vfrgfs flfotbvds0
   +  ∑  ∑  
  12     =  
  :6     2  
Nj sbmubfktf lbmurj iufstrj fn gbjmrjij gf prdmrjijobÿk gf nds tbfipds fk njs oujtrd ljsfs0