1.

Discuss the mission, vision, goals and

objectives of St. Paul University Philippines
2. Describe the ideal Paulinian graduate
3. Apply the Paulinian core values in
specific/particular situations
4. Share significant experiences as students of
SPUP in relation to her VMGO
ST PAUL UNIVERSITY PHILIPPINES is an
internationally recognized institution
dedicated to the formation of competent
leaders and responsible citizens of their
communities, country and the world
Animated by the gospel and guided by the Church, it
helps to uplift the quality of life and to effect social
transforming through:
1. Quality, Catholic, Paulinian formation, academic
excellence, research and community service.
2. Optimum access to Paulinian education in an
atmosphere of compassionate caring; and
3. Responsive and innovative management processes
▪ CHRIST – Christ is the CENTER of Paulinian life.
▪ COMMISSION- The Paulinian has a mission- a LIFE PURPOSE to
spread the Good news.
▪ COMMUNITY- The Paulinian is a RESPONSIBLE FAMILY MEMBER and
CITIZEN, concerned with building communities, promotion of peoples,
justice and peace, and the protection of environment
▪ CHARISM- The Paulinian develops his/her GIFT/TALENTS to be put in
the service of community, he/she strives to grow and improve daily,
always seeking the better and finer things and Final Good.
▪ CARITAS- Urged on by the LOVE OF CHRIST, the Paulinian is warm,
loving, hospitable and “all to all”, especially to the unprivileged.
St. Paul University Philippines commits to provide
Quality Catholic, Paulinian Global Education in a
Caring Environment through adherence to statutory
and regulatory laws and legislations, customer
requirements, and continual improvement, in
accordance with the framework of ISO 9001:2015.
▪What is the Paulinian? What makes one a
Paulinian?

▪How does a Paulinian differ from the

students of the other
universities/colleges?
▪What the University Does for
me?

▪What I can do for the

University?
SOS 105 LIFE, WRITINGS AND
WORKS OF DR. JOSE RIZAL
 Course Description
• Jose P. Rizal, being the “First Filipino”, stands out in the history of
GROUP ACTIVITY
the Philippines as nation. His life, works, writings and teachings
were vital in the origins and the development of a Filipino
national consciousness that led to the shaping of the nation. The
principles and ideals that he lived and died for permeate through
every lesson in the module.

• In fact the authors of the Rizal Law [R. A. No. 1425] had hoped that
by having an understanding of his life and analyzing his teaching,
and literary works, the Filipino youth may be provided the much-
needed role-model that seen too wanting today. They may also
gain inspiration and insights and involves themselves in the
community, carrying the values and virtues of the national and the
other heroes.
 In your own idea, What is the
importance of studying the Life,
Works and Writings of Jose
Rizal?
GROUP ACTIVITY
In one sentence
GROUP that synthesize
ACTIVITY
your learning from reading this
module/learning material,
listening to the
discussion and the making of
the timeline, explain the
purpose of R.A 1425. (5points)
 Is the Rizal Law relevant in the
GROUP ACTIVITY
present time? If yes, discuss its
immediate relevance to your life
as a student and citizen
of the Philippines. If not, discuss
at least two reasons why you think
it no longer serves a relevant
purpose. (5points
 ASSESSEMENT!
GROUP ACTIVITY
1. Who is Jose Rizal to you
as a student/youth?
2. What new things did
you gain from the
discussion of the topic?
 RIZAL IN THE
CONTEXT OF 19 th

CENTURY
PHILIPPINES
MS. ALONDRA L. SIGGAYO
Instructor
 19th CENTURY
• The Birth of the Modern Life
• Age of Enlightenment
• Industrial Revolution
 Social Structure
• The Filipinos in the 19th century had
suffered from feudalistic and master slave
relationship by the Spaniards. Their social
structure is ranked into three groups:
 Highest Class
– the people that belong in this class include the Spaniards,
peninsulares and the friars. They have the power and
authority to rule over the Filipinos. They enjoyed their
positions and do what they want.

The Spanish officials

 Highest Class
The Peninsulares
(Spaniards who were born in
Spain). They held the most
important government jobs, and
made up the smallest number of
the population.
 Highest Class

The Friars
The Friars are members of any of
certain religious orders of men,
especially the four mendicant
orders (Augustinians, Carmelites,
Dominicans, and Franciscans).
 Middle Class
The Natives
The pure Filipinos
 Middle Class
The Meztizos
The Mestizos are the
Filipinos of mixed indigenous
Filipino or European or
Chinese ancestry
 Lowest Class
•The Indios
The Indios are the poor
people having pure blood
Filipino which ruled by the
Spaniards.
 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
• Why was there economic growth in the 19th Century?
• From Mercantilism (economic system used to unify and increase
the power and monetary wealth of a country by strict government
regulation of trade and foreign trading monopolies) to Free
Trade/Laissez Faire.
• Mercantilist Economy was disadvantageous for colonist, while it
was advantageous to the motherland/crown
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
OPENING OF THE SPORTS TO WORLD TRADE

RISE OF EXPORT ECONOMY

RISE OF THE FILIPINO MIDDLE-UPPER CLASS

EDUCATION OF THEIR CHILDREN

 POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT
Political Situation in Spain during the How did this affect the Philippines? Did
19th Century
• There was a struggle between Liberals
and Conservatives
• Spain lost most, of not all, of it’s
colonies in South America in the 19th
Century.
it have a positive or negative effect?
• Constant practice of replacing Governor
Generals (41 in a span of 45 years, from
1853 to 1898
• Dumping ground for inept bureaucrats
• Failure to make or achieve consistent
policies
• There was a political instability
 POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT
By and large, there was rampant graft and corruption
typified by:
• Failure to provide for basic needs like public works,
schools and peace and order.
• Taxes were never fully utilized.
• Limited Participation of Filipinos in government.
 CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT

• The Ilustrados, otherwise known as the “enlighten ones”, were the

educated class in Philippine society during the Spanish occupation.
• They were instrumental in paving the way for the creation of the
Propaganda Movement
• The Rapid Spread of Higher Education among middle and
lower middle class Filipinos accelerated Filipino nationalism.
 CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT: ROLE
OF THE JESUITS
• The Jesuits were responsible for the creation of the Escuela
Normal de Maestros and Ateneo de Municipal.
• They instilled among Filipino students a sense of nationalism
through their humanistic form of education
• They inculcated in the minds of students the principles
of human dignity, justice and equality of all men
 CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT

• The Jesuits were unlike the other friars, who were educators
but did not do too much to educate the Filipinos.
• Instead of being proud of the excellent performance of their
Filipino students, most of the friars felt quite suspicious with
their success and invariably sought to pull them down.
• This was one of the reasons why Rizal left the Philippines.
Experience of Filipino Students in Spain
• How did the experience of Filipino students in
Spain accelerate Filipino Nationalism?
• After experiencing the liberties in Spain, and noticing how
it was different compared to the Philippines
• They saw the backwardness of Spain compared to other
European nations and saw hoe Spain cannot manage their
own political problems.
 Interest in the Filipino Past
• Filipinos instilled in their minds a sense of pride and national
identity.
• They used Philippine history to prove that three centuries of
Spanish rule did not lead to any progress, only decline
• Rizal averred that Filipinos could have developed on their own
before the coming of the Spaniards.
• PRIDE OF BEING FILIPINOS
 Religious Development
• Friars vs Ilustrados
• Frailocracy – “friar rule”, friars used religion to maintain Spanish
influence in the colony.
• Governor Generals might come and go, but the friars remained
permanently in the colony.
• They were devoted to Spain and were highly influential among the
natives(utilized by the state)
 Religious Development
• They were considered as the most evil of all men- Rizal considered them
as his enemies.
• More importantly, the friars were used as political instruments to
maintain Filipino loyalty to Spain
• Hence, they became the targets of the Ilustrados.
• Patronato Real - an agreement between the Pope and the Spanish
monarch which gave the Spanish monarch and its colonial authorities
power over the church and clergy in the colonies.
 GOMBURZA
• Father Jose Burgos
• Secularization Controversy- continued what Fater Palaez
started.
• Fought for equality between regulars and seculars.
• Transformed an ecclesiastical conflict to a larger issue of
Filipino equality with the Spaniards.
 GOMBURZA
• Father Burgos became a threat to the friars and the
Spanish colonial government in the Philippines.
• He, along with Father Gomez and Zamora, was
accused of starting the Cavite Mutiny.
• They were arrested, convicted, and later on executed via
the garrote.
 Acceleration of Filipino Nationalism

• How did it lead to the acceleration of Filipino nationalism?

• Influence of Father Jose Burgos
• Frailocracy (Friar Rule) led to the Filipino wanting to get
rid of the friars.
• The execution of GOMBURZA led to the creation of
the Propaganda Movement.
 SMALL GROUP
• Group 1: Project: Make a diorama that shows the condition of 19th
Century Philippines.
• Group 2: Conversation: Enact an imaginary conversation between:
a) penisulares and an insulares; b)a guardia civil and an indio
• Group 3- A Letter: Pretend you just are so eager to write a letter to a
friend describing 19th century Philippines: a) Social Structure, b)
System of court, and c) Government structure
• Group 4: Creative Arts: (Posters and the like): The Status of the
Philippines schools in the 19tth Century and Today.
 RUBRIC
•CONTENT- 50%
•Cooperation- 10%
•Creativity- 30%
•Presentation- 10%
Engineer
 Jose Protacio Rizal
Mercado y Alonzo Realonda
 June 19, 1861
Wednesday
Midnight

June 22, 1861

saturday
Christening
• José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonzo
Realonda was born on June 19, 1861,
in the town of Calamba, Laguna.
• He was baptized JOSE RIZAL
MERCADO at the Catholic of Calamba
by the parish priest Rev. Rufino
Collantes with Rev. Pedro Casañas
as the sponsor.
• He was the seventh child in a family of
11 children (2 boys and 9 girls). Both
his parents were educated and
belonged to distinguished families.
_________________
RIZAL PARENTS
_________________
• Born in Biñan,
Laguna on May 11,
1818
• Died in Manila on
January 5,1898, at the
age of 80.
• Rizal called him “a
model of fathers”
• Born in Biñan, Laguna on May 11, 1818
• Studied Latin and Philosophy at the College of San Jose
in Manila.
• Moved to Calamba and became a tenant-farmer of
Dominican-owned hacienda.
• A hardy and independent mind, who talked less and
worked more, and was strong in body and valiant in
spirit.
• Died in Manila on January 5,1898, at the age of 80.
• Based from his student memoirs, Rizal called him “a
model of fathers”
• Doña Teodora
• Born in Manila on November
8, 1826
• Died in Manila on August
16, 1911, at the age of
85.
Teodora Alonso
Realonda (1826 - 1911)
• Doña Teodora
• Born in Manila on
• Educated at the College of Santa Rosa, a well-
known college for girls in the city.
• A remarkable woman, possessing refined
culture, literary talent, business ability, and
fortitude of Spartan women.
• Died in Manila on August 16, 1911, at the age
of 85.
• Before her death, the Philippine
government offered her a life
pension. She courteously rejected
saying:
– “My family has never been patriotic for
money. If the government has plenty of
funds and does not know what to do
with them, better reduce the taxes.”
• Rizal lovingly said of her:
–“My mother is a woman of more
than ordinary culture; she knows
literature and speaks Spanish
better than I. She corrected my
poems and gave me good advice
when I was studying rhetoric. She is
a mathematician and has many
books.”
 Jose Rizal

Teodora Alonso Realonda Francisco Mercado

Brigida Lorenzo Alberto Anlonzo Juan Mercado Cirila Alejandro

Manuel de Quintos Regina Cirila Bernacha Fernando Mercado

Eugenio Ursua Benigna Ines de la Rosa Domingo Mercado

Adopted in 1731 by
Domingo Lamco

Jose Mercado Rizal

Given by a Spanish
Alcalde Mayor of Laguna
 Dr. Rizal’s letter to
Blumentritt
“I am the only Rizal because at home my parents, my
sisters, my brother and my relatives have always
preferred our old surname Mercado. Our family
name was in fact Mercado, but there were many
Mercados in the Philippines who are not related to
us. It is said that an alcalde mayor, who was a
friend of our family added Rizal to our name. My
family did not pay much attention to this, but now I
have to use it. In this way, it seems that I am an
illegitimate son.”
“Who ever that Spanish Alcalde Mayor was, his choice
was prophetic for Rizal in Spanish means a field
where wheat, cut while still green, sprouts again.”
- Ambassador Leon Ma. Guerrero
Distinguished Rizalist and Diplomat
• Rizal’s family belonged to the principalia.
principalia – a town aristocracy in
Spanish Philippines.
• Rizal’s parents were honest and hardworking.
• Doña Teodora – mother of Rizal.
- managed a general good’s store
- operated a small flour-mill and a home-made
- ham press.

Good and
Middle-Class Family
• Rizal’s parents were able to build a large
stone house. Located near the town Church.

• Gracious hosts to all visitors and guests

during town fiestas and holidays.

• Owned a library (largest in Calamba).

• Owned a carriage.
carriage – a status symbol of the illustrados
in Spanish Philippines.
Home Life of the Rizals
• Had a simple, contented and happy life.
• Rizal’s parents love him so much but never spoiled
him.
“ Spare the rod and spoil the child.”

• They hear mass every Sunday.

• Prayed together at home.
• Given ample time and freedom to play. (Azotea)
Fin
 Saturnina Rizal
• Saturnina Rizal Mercado de
Hidalgo
• also known as “Neneng” or
“Sra Neneng”
• eldest of the Rizal children
• married Manuel Hidalgo of
Tanauan, Batangas and had 4
children: Alfredo, Adela,
Abelardo, Amelia and
Augustu
• published Pascual Poblete’s
Tagalog translation of the
Noli Me Tangere.
 Paciano Rizal
• Paciano Rizal Mercado y Alonso
Realonda
• March 17, 1851 – April 13, 1930
• had a relationship with Severina
Decena and was blessed with two
children - a boy who died during
infancy, and a daughter named
Emiliana Rizal
• served as Fr. Jose Apolonio
Burgos personal messenger and
collector of the contributions to
the movement.
• was influenced by the ideologies
of the said priest – being open-
minded and out spoken in
denouncing the abuses of the
 Narcisa Rizal
• Narcisa Alonso Realonda
Rizal Mercado (1852 – 1939)
• Also called “Sisa”
• a teacher and a musician by
profession & married Antonio
Lopez who was a school
teacher in Morong, Rizal.
• had nine children—Emilio,
Angélica, Isabel, Consuelo,
Leoncio, Francisco, Arsenio,
Antonio and Fidela
• was an important witness to
secrets Jose and his other
brother Paciano kept from
the rest of their family.
 Olympia Rizal
• Olympia Alonso Realonda
Rizal Mercado (1855-1887)
• Also called “Ypia”
• married Silvestre Ubaldo, a
telegraph operator from
Manila
• was blessed with three
children of whom one was
Dr. Aristeo Ubaldo, one of
the few ophthalmologists in
the Philippines at that time
connected with the
Philippine General Hospital
 Lucia Rizal
• Lucia Alonso Realonda
Rizal Mercado-Herbosa
(1857-1919)
• was married to Mariano
Herbosa, nephew of Fr.
Casañas, a witness of Jose
Rizal's baptism
• Blessed with eight
children: Paz, Delfina,
Concepcion, Virginia, José,
Teodosio, Patrocinio and
Estanislao
• died on 25 December 1919
at the age of 62
 Maria Rizal
• Maria Alonso Realonda
Rizal (1859-1945)
• Also called “Biang”
• Married Daniel
Faustino Cruz of Biñan,
Laguna
• Blessed with 5
children, one of which
was Mauricio Cruz who
was a successful
businessman and was
one of the pupils of Dr.
Jose Rizal in Dapitan.
 Jose Rizal
• José Protacio Rizal Mercado y
Alonso Realonda (June 19, 1861 –
December 30, 1896)
• Also called ”Pepe”
• National Hero of the Philippines
• the most venerated and acclaimed
patriot in the Philippines recognized
for his unselfish and non-violent
contributions to the historical and
social transformations in the
country
• Has one child named Francísco Rizal
y Bracken (who died after birth)
with Josephine Bracken
Concepcion Rizal
• Concepcion
Alonso Realonda
Mercado
• Was also called
“Concha”
• Died at the age
of 3 because of
sickness
 Josefa Rizal
• Josefa Alonso
Realonda
Mercado (1865-
1945)
• Also called
“Panggoy”
• An epileptic, died
a spinster
Trinidad Rizal
• Trinidad Mercado (1868-
1951)
• also called “Trining”
• A Katipunera and a Mason
• lived through the two
world wars until peace
was restored
• Also died a spinster
• One whom Dr. Jose Rizal
gave the alcohol lamp
where he secretly hid the
“Last Farewell”
 Soledad Rizal
• Soledad Alonso
Mercado
• (1870-1929)
• Also called “Choleng”
• married Pantaleon
Quintero, a town
mate and a a native
of Calamba, Laguna
TRAVELS
OF RIZAL
 Rizal's First Trip Abroad
◼ 3 May 1882
Rizal left Philippines for the first time Spain.
He boarded the Salvadora using a passport of
Jose Mercado, which was procured for him by
his uncle Antonio Rivera, father of Leonor
Rivera. He was accompanied to the quay where
the Salvadora was moored by his uncle Antonio,
Vicente Gella, and Mateo Evangelista.
◼ 15 June 1882
He left Marseilles for Barcelona in an express
train.
Rizal in Barcelona, Spain

◼ 20 August 1882
His article "Amor Patrio" was
published in the Diarong
Tagalog, a Manila newspaper
edited by Basilio Teodoro.
This was the First article he
wrote abroad.
 Rizal in Madrid, Spain
◼ 2 September 1882
Rizal matriculated at the Universidad Central de
Madrid. He took the following subjects: medical
clinic, surgical clinic, legal medicine and
obstetrical clinic.
◼ 4 October 1882
Asked to deliver a poem by the members of
Circulo Hispano-Filipino, there together in the
effort to save the association from
disintegration, Rizal recited "Me piden versus."
The meeting was held at the house of Pablo
Ortiga y Rey.
◼2 November 1882
He wrote the article "Revista de
Madrid" which was in intended for
publication in the Diarong Tagalog
in Manila, but was not published
because the newspaper stops its
circulation.
◼ 7 November 1882
Rizal wrote an article entitled "Las
Dudas". The article was signed
Laong - Laan.
 Rizal in Paris, France
◼ 18 June 1883
With Felipe Zamora and Cunanan, He visited the
Leannec Hospital to observe how Dr, Nicaise
treated his patients. He was stunned to see the
advanced facilities in the accommodation in the
said hospital.
◼ 19 June 1883
He again visited Dr. Nicaise who showed the
technique of operation. Later he went to see
dupytren Museum.
◼ 20 June 1883
Rizal visited the Lariboisiere Hospital where
Felix Pardo de Tavera was an extern. Here he
observe the examination of the different
diseases of women.
 Rizal Back in Madrid
◼ 28 September 1883
He enrolled at the central Universidad de Madrid
for the second course in medicine.
◼ October 1883
He came to know of the imprisonment, by order
of Sr. Vicente Barrantes, of the 14 rich innocent
persons in Manila. The Prisoners who knew
nothing is the cause of their detention and who
became sick later, were kept in a humid prison
cell. Rizal was indignant of his inhuman act.
◼ 2 January 1884
Rizal proposed to the member of the Circulo
assembled in the house of the Pateros, the
publication of a book by association. This idea
became the embryo of this first novel Noli Me
Tangere .
◼ 21 June 1884
He finished the degree of Licentiate in
Medicine with the grade of aprobado
from the Central Universidad de
Madrid.
◼ 25 June 1884
Rizal won first prize in Greek contest,
after which he delivered a speech in
honor of the two Filipino painters, Juan
Luna and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo.
The occasion commemorated the
triumph of the two, especially Luna who
won the first prize for his Spoliarium
during the National Exposition of Fine
Arts held in Madrid that year.
◼1 July 1884
Rizal explained the term
"Filibusterismo" in the
newspaper of Madrid El
Progreso, calling the attention of
the Spanish authorities over the
case of future of the Filipinos.
He asked for freedom of the
press and the right of
representation of the Spanish
Cortes.
◼ 20 November 1884
Rizal witnessed the tumultuous
scene in the Central Universidad
de Madrid where the students
and professors staged a strike
against excommunication
imposed by the bishop on the
lecture proclaiming the freedom
of science and of the teacher.
 Rizal in Heidelberg, Germany
◼22 April 1886
While in Heidelberg
experiencing the feeling of
nostalgia for his parents and
his country, Rizal wrote the
poem "A Las Flores de
Heidelberg.“
 Rizal in Berlin, Germany
◼ 21 March 1887
Copies of his novel came off the
press. He sent one copy to Prof.
Blumentritt. In a letter of his
Austrian friend, he say it was the
first impartial and daring book to be
written on the life of the Tagalogs.
He opened that the Spanish
authorities and the friar would
attack the book.
 Rizal in Manila
◼ 5 August 1887
At 9:00 o’clock in the evening, Rizal arrived at
Manila after five years of study and patriotic
labors in Europe.
◼ 18 August 1887
In a letter, Archbishop P. Payo instructed Fr.
Gregorio Echevarria, Rector of the University
of Sto. Thomas, that an information about the
novel Noli Me Tangere be issued by a
Commission composed of University professors
Fr. Matias Gomez, Fr. Norberto del Prado and
Fr. Evaristo Fernandez Arias.
◼ 30August 1887
He left Calamba for Manila to see
Governor-General on the issue of the Noli
Me Tangere which caused torment among
the friars in the Philippines. Governor-
General Terrero asked him for a copy and
Rizal, after a few days looking for copy,
handed him a worn out one.
– On the same date, the Calustro Universitario
formed by the Rector of Santo Thomas upon
the order of the Archbishop of Manila, issued
an order prohibiting the possession and reading
of the Noli Me Tangere.
◼ September 1887
Rizal decided not to leave his family within
this year. His sister Olimpia died of
hemorrhage while giving birth. His father
did not permit him to go out alone and eat
in the house of his relatives.
◼ 19 October 1887
Rizal made a pencil drawing of a sailboat
sailing on Lagunade Bay, which he saw with
Jose Taviel de Andrade, Lieutenant of the
Civil Guards assigned by the Governor-
General Terrero to protect him, during an
excursion to Los Baños. This drawing was
sent to Blumentritt.
◼ 29 Decmber 1887
The Permanent Board Of Censure headed by
Fr. Salvador Font issued a judgment
absolutely prohibiting the circulation of the
Noli Me Tangere in the Philppines. Upon the
recommendation of the Governor-General,
Father Font said: "…Aside of attacking so
directly, as you have seen your Excellency,
the Religion of the state, institutions and
respectable persons for their official
character, the book is replete of foreign
teachings and doctrines; and the general
synthesis of the same is to inspire among the
loyal and submissive sons of Spain in these
distant islands, profound,and furious hate to
the mother country…"
◼3February 1888
Rizal, after staying in the
Philippines for almost six
months, left Manila for
Hongkong, bringing with him
P5,000 which he earned
from his medical practice.
 Rizal in Hong Kong
◼ 19 February 1888
With Jose Maria Basa, Jose Sainz de
Veranda and some Portuguese, Rizal
left Hongkong for Macao on board the
Kui Kiang. In Macao, they lived in the
house of Juan Lecaroz. Rizal went
around for observation, especially the
botanical garden.
◼ 22 February 1888
After staying in Hong Kong for almost
two weeks, he left for Japan on board
the Oceanic.
Some works of Rizal
◼ Translated Antonio de Morgas, Sucesos
de las Islas Filipinas (Events in the
Philippine Islands) on 1890
◼ El Solfeo de la Defensa (La Solidaridad)
◼ "Los agriculores Filipinos“
◼ "En Bosque“
◼ "Me Piden Versos…!“
◼ "Los Viajes“
◼ "La Verdad para Todos“
◼ "Verdades Neuvas"
◼ "Differencias“
◼ "a La Patria“
◼ "Inconsecuencias"
◼ "Filipinas Dentro de Cien Ańos“
◼ "Filipinas Dentro de Cien Ańos
◼ "Filipinas en el congreso"
◼ "Sobre la nueva ortografia de la
lengua tagala,"
◼ "Mariang Makiling,"
Rizal Back in Madrid

◼ 23August 1890
He reported to Juan Luna what
transpired between him and
Antonio Luna. They had a quarrel
and they also had a duel.
Rizal Biarritz, France

◼29 March 1891

He finished writing his
book El Filibusterismo. He
planned, however, of
revising some chapters.
 Rizal in Brussels, Belgium
◼ 1 May 1891
In a letter sent to Basa, Rizal reiterated
[again] his desire to be in Hong Kong,
reminding the former of the amount he was
borrowing for his fare.
◼ He also informed Deodato Arellano of his plan
to move from Europe to either Hongkong,
Philippines or Japan, and to renounce the
receiving of pension from the Propaganda.“
◼ 30 May 1891
Rizal set ready for printing 20 chapters of the
manuscript of the El Filibusterismo. He was
waiting for an amount to defray the
publication expense.
 Rizal in Ghent, Belgium
◼ 9 July 1891
He was financially hard up. He did not
receive for three months up to this date
any pension from home. He was living in the
most difficult situation, renting a small
room and eating the modest food in order
to economize and able to publish the Fili.
He had already pawned all his jewels.
◼ September 1890
El Fili was publish in Ghent using the
donations from Rizal’s friends.
 Rizal in the Philippines
◼ 26 June 1892
Rizal arrived in the Philippines from
Hongkong on board the boat Don Juan. After
having been inspected by the custom men, he
boarded in the Oriente Hotel where he
occupied room No. 22, facing the Binondo
church. His sister, Lucia, accompanied him in
his return to the Philippines. In the evening,
he attended the reunion held in the house of
Don Ong-junco, a Chinese mestizo, who was
living in the district of Tondo. Here he met
many Filipinos who were later arrested and
executed as a consequence of the discovery
of the Katipunan.
◼3 July 1892
Rizal had again an interview with
Governor-General Despujol. He
thanked Governor-General Despujol
for lifting the order of exile for
his sisters. The Governor told him
to come back the following
Wednesday.
In the evening, he attended a
meeting at a house on Calle Ylaya to
discuss the proposed Liga Filipina.
 Exiled to Dapitan
◼ 6 July 1892
Rizal held the last interview with the
Governor-General. The governor-general
confronted him for anti-friar bills
supposedly found in the baggages of his
sister Lucia. He was ordered imprisoned
in Fort Santiago (from July 6-15).
◼ 15 July 1892
At 1:00 on the morning, Rizal was shipped
on board the boat S. S. Cebu to Dapitan.
He was given good cabin, but well
guarded.
In Dapitan

◼ He engaged in agriculture,
fishing and business; he
maintained and operated a
hospital; he conducted classes-
taught the pupils English and
Spanish languages and the arts
From Dapitan to Fort Santiago
◼ When the Philippine Revolution
started on August 26, 1896, his
enemies lost no time in pressing him
down. They were able to enlist
witnesses that linked him with the
revolt and these were never allowed
to be confronted by him. Thus, from
November 3, 1986, to the date of his
execution, he was again committed to
Fort Santiago.
RIZAL’S EDUCATION
 Early Education in Calamba and Biñan
 At the age of 3, Rizal learned the alphabet
from his mother.
 At the age of 5, while learning to read and
write, Rizal already showed inclinations to be
an artist. He astounded his family and
relatives by his pencil drawings and sketches
and by his moldings of clay.
 At the age of 8, Rizal wrote a Tagalog poem,
"Sa Aking Mga Kabata," the theme of which
revolves on the love of one’s language.
 “Sa Aking Mga Kabata”
Kapagka ang baya'y sadyang umiibig Ang wikang Tagalog tulad din sa Latin
Sa kanyang salitang kaloob ng langit, Sa Ingles, Kastila at salitang anghel,
Sanglang kalayaan nasa ring masapit Sapagka't ang Poong maalam tumingin
Katulad ng ibong nasa himpapawid. Ang siyang naggawad, nagbigay sa atin.

Pagka't ang salita'y isang kahatulan Ang salita nati'y huwad din sa iba
Sa bayan, sa nayo't mga kaharian, Na may alfabeto at sariling letra,
At ang isang tao'y katulad, kabagay Na kaya nawala'y dinatnan ng sigwa
Ng alin mang likha noong kalayaan. Ang lunday sa lawa noong dakong una.

Ang hindi magmahal sa kanyang salita

Mahigit sa hayop at malansang isda,
Kaya ang marapat pagyamaning kusa
Na tulad sa inang tunay na nagpala.
 Early Education in Calamba and Biñan
 Rizal’s parents employed private tutors to give
him lessons at home. The first was Maestro
Celestino and the second, Maestro Lucas Padua.
 Later, an old man named Leon Monroy, a former
classmate of Rizal’s father became his tutor. This
teacher lived at the Rizal home and instructed
Rizal in Spanish and Latin. Unfortunately, he did
not live long. He died five months later.
 After Monroy’s death, Rizal’s parents decided to
send their gifted son to a private school in Biñan.
 First Day in Biñan School
 Paciano enrolled Rizal to the school of Maestro
Justiniano Aquino Cruz.
 Rizal met the bully, Pedro. Rizal, who was angry at
this bully for making fun of him during his
conversation with the teacher, challenged Pedro to
a fight. Rizal having learned the art of wrestling
from his athletic Tio Manuel, defeated the bigger
boy.
 After class, a classmate named Andres Salandanan
challenged him to an arm-wrestling match. Rizal
having the weaker arm, lost and nearly cracked his
head on the sidewalk.
 Best Student in School
 In academic studies, Rizal beat all Binan boys. He
surpassed them all in Spanish, Latin, and other
subjects.
 They were all jealous of his intellectual superiority
that they wickedly squealed to the teacher
whenever Rizal had a fight outside the school, and
even told lies to discredit him before the teacher’s
eyes. Consequently the teacher had to punish Rizal.
 He received many whippings and strokes from the
ferule. Rare was the day when he was not
stretched on the bench for a whipping or punished
with five or six blows on the open palm.
Education in Manila  Ateneo Municipal de
Manila
 Bachelor of Arts degree
in 1877 at the age of 16
 Graduated as one of the
nine students declared
sobresaliente
 Continued his education
to obtain a degree in land
surveying and assessor
 Ateneo Municipal de Manila
 Rizal was a member of the academy of
Spanish Literature and the Academy of
Natural Sciences.
 Wrote his first poem Mi Primera Inspiracion
(My First Inspiration) which was dedicated
to his mother on her birthday.
 He also wrote Through Education Our
Motherland Receives Light and The Intimate
Alliance Between Religion and Good Education
which showed the importance of religion in
education.
 “Mi Primera Inspiracion”
Why falls so rich a spray
of fragrance from the bowers
of the balmy flowers
upon this festive day?
Why from woods and vales
do we hear sweet measures ringing
that seem to be the singing
of a choir of nightingales?
Why in the grass below
do birds start at the wind's noises,
unleashing their honeyed voices
as they hop from bough to bough?
Why should the spring that glows
its crystalline murmur be tuning
to the zephyr's mellow crooning
as among the flowers it flows?
Why seems to me more endearing,
more fair than on other days,
the dawn's enchanting face
among red clouds appearing?
The reason, dear mother, is
they feast your day of bloom:
the rose with its perfume,
the bird with its harmonies.
And the spring that rings with laughter
upon this joyful day
with its murmur seems to say:
"Live happily ever after!“
And from that spring in the grove
now turn to hear the first note
that from my lute I emote
to the impulse of my love!
Education in Manila
 University of Santo
Tomas
 Studied Philosophy
and Letters during
his first year
 Shifted to Medicine
specializing in
Ophthalmology when
he found out that his
mother was going
blind
 University of Santo Tomas
Rizal was unhappy at this Dominican Institution of
higher learning because:
(1) the Dominican professors were hostile to him
(2) the Filipino students were racially discriminated
against by the Spaniards
(3) the method of instruction was obsolete and
repressive
After finishing the fourth year of his medical
course, Rizal decided to study in Spain . He could no
longer endure the rampant bigotry, discrimination,
and the hostility in the University of Santo Tomas.
Education in Europe
 Traveled alone to Europe

 Madrid in May 1882

 Continued his studies in

Medicine at the Universidad
Central de Madrid

 Degree of Licentiate in
Medicine in 1884

 Degree of Philosophy and

Letters in 1885
 Spain as a realization
 It was a venue for realizing Rizal’s dreams.
 He finished his studies in Madrid and this to him was
the realization of the bigger part of his ambition.
 His vision broadened to the point of awakening in him an
understanding of human nature, sparking in him the
realization that his people needed him.
 It must have been this sentiment that prompted him to
pursue, during the re-organizational meeting of the
Circulo-Hispano-Filipino, to be one of its activities, the
publication of a book to which all the members would
contribute papers on the various aspects and conditions
of Philippines life.
 Spain as a realization
 The proposal for the book was unanimously approved.

 But afterwards, difficulties and objections were raised,

and a number of gentlemen stood up and refused to
discuss the matter any further in 1884.

 Rizal decided not to press the issue any longer.

 Although the book was never written, the next year, Pedro
Paterno published his Ninay, a novel sub-titled Costumbres
filipinas (Philippines Customs), thus partly fulfilling the
original purpose of Rizal’s plan.
Noli Me Tangere
 The idea of writing a novel
grew on him, and later he
decided to write and worked
hard for Noli Me Tangere
 He never told anyone about it
until it was finished, though
some of his companions knew
what he was doing
 He wrote half of the novel in
Madrid, a quarter of it in Paris
and the rest in Germany
Education in Europe
 University of Paris (France)
 University of Heidelberg
(Germany)
 Earned a second doctorate
 Inducted as a member of the
Berlin Ethnological Society
and the Berlin
Anthropological Society
under the patronage of the
famous pathologist Rudolf
Virchow
University of Heidelberg
 25-year-old Rizal completed
in 1887 his eye specialization
under the renowned Prof.
Otto Becker in Heidelberg
 Left Heidelberg a poem, “A
las flores del Heidelberg”;
both an evocation and a
prayer for the welfare of
his native land and the
unification of common values
between East and West
 A las flores del Heidelberg
Go to my country, go foreign flowers,
Planted by the traveler on his way,
And there beneath that sky of blue
That over my beloved towers,
Speak for this traveler to say
What faith in his homeland he
breathes to you.
Go and say.... Say that when the dawn
First brew your calyx open there
Beside the River Necker chill,
You saw him standing by you, very
still,
Reflecting on the primrose flush you
wear.
Say that when the morning light
Her toll of perfume from you wrung,
While playfully she whispered, "How I
love you!“
He too murmured here above you
Tender love songs in his native
tongue.
That when the rising sun the height
Of Koenigsthul in early morn first spies,
And with its tepid light
Is pouring life in valley, wood, and
grove,
He greets the sun as it begins to rise,
Which in his native land is blazing
straight above.
And tell them of that day he staid
And plucked you from the border of the
path,
Amid the ruins of the feudal castle,
By the River Neckar, and in the sylvan
shade.
Tell them what he told you
As tenderly he took
Your pliant leaves and pressed them in
a book,
Where now its well-worn pages close
enfold you.
Carry, carry, flowers of Rhine,
Love to every love of mine,
Peace to my country and her fertile loam,
Virtue to her women, courage to her men,
Salute those darling ones again,
Who formed the sacred circle of our home.
And when you reach that shore,
Each kiss I press upon you now,
Deposit on the pinions of the wind,
And those I love and honor and adore
Will feel my kisses carried to their brow.
Ah, flowers, you may fare through,
Conserving still, perhaps, your native hue;
Yet, far from Fatherland, heroic loam
To which you owe your life,
The perfume will be gone from you;
For aroma is your soul; it cannot roam
Beyond the skies which saw it born, nor
e'er forget.
 Rizal’s Life in Europe
 Jose Rizal lived in Europe for 10 years.

 He could converse in more than 10 different

tongues.

 Excelled at martial arts, fencing, sculpture,

painting, teaching, anthropology, and journalism,
among other things.

 During his European sojourn, he also began to write

novels. Rizal finished his first book, Noli Me
Tangere, while living in Wilhemsfeld with the
Reverend Karl Ullmer.