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3DG-B32-00007 Petroleum Product Blending
3DG-B32-00007 Petroleum Product Blending
PROCESS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No.
1.0 INTRODUCTION 2
3.0 METHOD 3
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
Refinery products that are produced by blending include gasoline, jet fuel,
diesel fuel and heating oils. lending is necessary for meeting product
specifications such as octane, Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP), viscosity, and
pour point. By blending, extra product from a low value product pool can
be combined with another higher valued product pool thereby increasing
the production of the higher valued product while remaining within
specification. For more complex problems that involve optimizing
production rates, the Process Industry Modeling System (PIMS) program
contains blending routines that can be used.
2.0 SUMMARY
This guide outlines basic procedures and data for calculating the properties
of blended streams. Properties for the blending stocks are usually known
or given. Properties that are not known can be obtained from process
licensers or estimated using correlation’s in the characterization section of
the API Data Book - Petroleum Refining. The blending methods in this
guide were used most recently on the PRI Bintulu Refinery Project.
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3.0 METHOD
PB = (Xi)(Pi) (1)
Where:
The product blend index is then used to find the product blend property in
the corresponding table or figure.
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Xi = Mole fraction of base component i
(RVP)B = RVP of product blend, psi
(RVP)i = RVP of base component i, psi
However, since molecular weights for the base components are not readily
available, Eq. 2 has limited usefulness. The RVP of the base components
have been correlated to RVP blending indices on a volume basis as shown
in Table 2. The base component RVP indices are averaged linearly using
Eq. 1 to give the product blend index.
Table 3 gives flash point blending indices as a function of flash point. The
base component flash point indices are averaged linearly with volume
using Eq. 1 to give the product blend index.
Table 4 gives aniline point blending indices as a function of the aniline point
of the base component. The base component indices are averaged
linearly with volume using Eq. 1 to give the product blend index.
Pour point blending indices for distillate stocks are given in Table 5. The
indices are correlated against the ASTM 50% temperature and pour point
temperature of the base component. The product blend index must be
related back to the product blend ASTM 50% temperature. The product
blend ASTM 50% temperature is found by taking a linear volumetric
average of the base component ASTM 50% temperatures. This method
applies only to blending of distillates. When distillate is blended into the
resid, the product pour point should be determined by laboratory test.
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9.0 FREEZE POINT
The data provided for estimating Freeze point and Freeze point indices are
based on straight run data. Expect large deviations if the data is applied to
cracked stocks.
Figures 1 and 2 are used to estimate the freeze point of straight run stocks
based on ASTM D-86 50% temperatures (Figure 1) or pour point (Figure
2).
11.0 OCTANE NO
In general, both octane numbers, RON and MON can be blended linearly
by volume to obtain the octane number for the product for planning and
feasibility studies. However, experience from the refiners indicates that the
blended value for products are slightly different from the actual measured
values. Each refiner such as Chevron and Tosco has developed its own
adjustment values specific to their feedstock and processing scheme.
These values are used to adjust the octane number, for each individual
blending stock or the product blend. These data should be requested from
the client and used if available during initial phase of the project.
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Table 1
Viscosity Blending Index Numbers
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Table 2
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Table 3
Flash Point Blending Index Numbers (3)
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Table 4
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Table 5
Pour Point Blending Indices for Distillate Stocks
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Figure 1
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Figure 2
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Figure 3 - Freezing Point Blending Indexes of Cuts from Crudes
vs ASTM D-86 90% Temperature of Cut
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Figure 4 - Freezing Point Blending Chart
Freezing Point vs Blending Index and ASTM D-86 50% Temperature
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Figure 5
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Figure 6
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