Dactylography

BIO554: Forensic Biotechnology

Hrishita Sitwala
 DACTYLOGRAPHY

Etymology : Greek word; dactyls- fingers, graphy- process of writing or recording

Formation of Fingerprints

Faster growth of basal layer of epidermis

 Uses of Fingerprints

Forensic Science Personal Biometrics

Identification
 History of Dactylography

Clay seal Sir William James Dr. Henry Faulds

Herschel in India
(221-206 BC) (1880)
(1860s)
Which is the world's largest fingerprint
database??
Types of Fingerprints
What is Core and delta?
Types of delta
Types of fingerprint pattern

1. LOOPS

Two types of Loops

 2. ARCHES

Two types of arches

 3. WHORLS

Four types of whorls

 Ridges characteristics
Why do you think we have unique fingerprints??
Ridge characteristics (minutiae)
 Henry’s Classification

Sir Edward Henry Sir Francis Galton

 16

16

Left Hand R
Right Hand

Pair Number Finger Name Primary Value

Pair 1 Right Thumb & Index 16

Pair 2 Right Middle & Ring 8

Pair 3 Right Little & Left Thumb 4

Pair 4 Left Index & Middle 2

Pair 5 Left Ring & Little 1

 Fingerprint Detection Methods

POWDER METHOD CHEMICAL METHOD

 Powders used for Detection
of Latent Fingerprints

Magnetic- Black Silver-grey Fluorescent

based Powder Powder Powder
Powder
 Chemical Method: Ninhydrin method
24-48 hrs at ntp
Ninhydrin + Organic Solvent + Free alpha Intense Purple
(Ethanol/Acetone) group of AA Colour
(-CO2)

Fingerprint

Siegfried Ruhemann
 Chemical Method: Silver Nitrate method
Sunlight or UV
Metallic Silver
Silver + Sodium Silver
(Black Grey
Nitrate Chloride Chloride Reduced Prints)

Fingerprint
GRAPHOLOGY
FACTORS AFFECTING HANDWRITING
USES OF GRAPHOLOGY
ZONES OF GRAPHOLOGY
 ANALYSIS
12 main characteristics that are examined during the analysis of a handwriting sample

1. Line Quality
 2. Spacing

Margins
A. Centred Layout

a need for privacy, reserved in nature

 B. Narrow Left Margin

stay away
from social
contact, fear
of past

C. Narrow Right Margin

great at
communication
and relate to
others
D. Wide Left Margin

intelligence
and
independent

E. Wide Right Margin

fear of
change, not
progressive
F. Absence of Margin

a lot to say
and not
enough time
and space to
do so

G. Irregular Margin

sensitive,
lack a sense
of order
H. Convex Margin

takes
decisions that
only last for a
short time

I. Concave Margin

relaxed
attitude
 Spacing

A. Even Spacing

clarity of thought, good judgement

 B. Compact

talkative,
spontaneous

C. Wide Spacing

self-confident
and social
3. Size and Proportions

A. Large

self-reliant in nature
B. Medium

stability,
adaptability

C. Small

objective
 4. Pen Lift

Forgeries Separation
 Strokes
heavy down stroke–more
power

movement towards others

5. Connecting Strokes

A. Connected

good
coordination
of ideas

B. Disconnected

act impulsively
6. Unusual Letter Formation

A. Completion of Letters

are letters
completely
formed?

B. Cursive and printed letters

are the letters

printed,
cursive or both
7. Pen pressure

anxiety

Light

energetic and
resourceful

Medium
 forceful,
productive

Heavy
8. Slant of letters

A. Vertical

future oriented,
willing to take risks
 B. Right
extrovert, good
communicators

C. Extremely right

lonely, stubborn
 D. Left

introvert,
defensive

E. Extremely left

opposition to
almost everything
 9. Baseline

Straight Downward
organized serious problem,
emotional nature

Upward
creative and outgoing
10. i’s 11. t’s
 12. Embellishments

adds or extends strokes that are easily executed and are not
essential to the recognition of the character or the word
THANK YOU