RESPIRATION

aka

Dark Respiration

Kreb Cycle Respiration

Citric Acid Cycle

 RESPIRATION AND GROWTH

Structural, metabolic, or storage compounds

6-C Hexoses
Breakdown to provide energy (ATP)

Combustion
C b ti off hhexoses tto CO2 and
d H2O with
ith
release of energy to form ATP

Respiration:

Uses energy from photosynthesis for chemical work:

1)) Glycolysis
G occurs in the cytoplasm
2) Kreb cycle occurs in mitochondria
3) O
Oxidative
id i phosphorylation
h h l i occurs iin the
h membranes
b off the
h
mitochondria.
 RESPIRATION

Respiration
p is comprised
p of:
1. Glycolysis (in cytoplasm):
ADP ATP
Hexoses Pyruvic acid
from (6C) NADH 2(3C)
photosynthesis
p otosy t es s NAD+

2. KREB’S CYCLE (mitochondria)

Pyruvic acid moves into the mitochondria, loses a CO2, forming

acetyl-CoA (2C) which is an intermediate of the Kreb’s cycle.
 RESPIRATION (Cont
(Cont’d)
d)

In Kreb’s cycle:

a. C compounds are combusted (oxidized) to CO2 and H2O and

NAD+ is
i reduced
d d tto NADH

b Intermediate C skeletons produced in the

b.
Kreb’s cycle are removed from the cycle and
used in the formation of:

Amino acids Proteins DNA RNA; carbon skeletons used for

formation of other plant constituents
 RESPIRATION (Cont’d)
3. Oxidative phosphorylation:

Electron Transport via a cytochrome

y chain ((mitochondria membrane))

Oxidative: Requires oxygen. O2 is the terminal electron acceptor. O2

is consumed and CO2 is evolved in respiration

Phosphorylation: ADP ATP

ADP ATP
O2 H2O

NADH NAD+

From glycolysis
and Kreb cycle
 SUMMARY OF RESPIRATION

1. GLYCOLYSIS
ATP & NADH
(6C) 2(3C) Pyruvic (C- skeletons)
Hexoses acid

Acetyl CoA (2C)

2. KREB’S CYCLE
4C
CO2
NADH & ATP
C- skeletons
CO2 (released in Kreb’s cycle)

3 OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION
3.

O2 and ATP produced

 RESPIRATION EFFICIENCY
(30 steps)
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 637 kcal

(energy potential)

But, only 456 kcal is generated, for 68% efficiency

Respiration consists of:

1. Glycolysis

2. Kreb’s cycle

3. Oxidative phosphorylation
IIt takes
k 1.17
1 1 g off glucose
l to produce
d 1 g off carbohydrate,
b h d 1
1.61
61 g off glucose
l to
produce 1 g of protein, and 2.8 g of glucose to produce 1 g of lipid.

Thus, it takes much more glucose (the substrate of respiration) to produce

the plant constituents that are in a soybean seed (higher in protein and oil/lipid),
than is required to produce a corn or wheat seed which are much higher in
Carbohydrates (ie. starch)