Caraga state university

Ampayon, Butuan City 8600, Philippines

URL: www.carsu.edu.ph

The Salient Points of 1987

Philippine Constitution

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 In February 1986, Corazon Aquino
became the unified opposition’s
presidential candidate when Ferdinand
E. Marcos unexpectedly called for
presidential elections.

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 On February 25, 1986, Aquino was
inaugurated and proclaimed
Corazon Aquino as the Philippines’
rightful president.

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 In March 1986 Aquino proclaimed a provisional constitution
and soon thereafter appointed a commission to write a new
constitution.

 The resulting document, which restored the bicameral

Congress and was ratified by a landslide popular vote in
February 1987.

 After considering different options, they decided to make a

new constitution that according to the president herself should
be truly reflective of the aspiration and ideals of the Filipino
people.

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 The 1987 Philippine Constitution took effect on February 2,
1987, which is the date of its ratification in the plebiscite held
on that same date and not on the date its ratification

 The constitution begins with a preamble and 18 self-contained

articles. It established the Philippines as a democratic
republican state where sovereignty resides in the people and
all government authority emanates from them. It allocates
governmental powers among the executive, legislative and
the judicial branches of the government.

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THE PREAMBLE OF THE 1987 PHILIPPINE
CONSTITUTION

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 PHILOSOPHICAL VIEW OF THE CONSTITUTION

 The Constitution is a social contract

 It is the very basis of the decision to constitute a civil society or

State, breathing life to its juridical existence, laying down the
framework by which it is to be governed, enumerating and
limiting its powers and declaring certain fundamental rights
and principles to be inviolable.

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 THE 1987 CONSTITUTION

 It is the body of rules and maxims in accordance with which

the powers of sovereignty are habitually exercised.

 It is a written instrument enacted by the direct action of the

people by which the fundamental powers of the government
are established, limited, and defined, and by which those
powers are distributed among the several department

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 BRANCHES OF THE GOVERNMENT

EXECUTIVE LEGISLATIVE JUDICIAL

BRANCH BRANCH BRANCH

 President  Senate  Supreme Court

 Vice – President  House of  RTC, MTC
 Cabinet Representatives  Special Court

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 Separation of powers means that the legislation belongs to
Congress, execution to the executive, settlement of legal
controversies to the judiciary.

 Division and Assignment is prevent from invading the domain of

others.

 It is also to prevent the concentration of authority in one person

or group of persons that might lead to irreparable error or abuse
in its exercise detriment to republican institutions.

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THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH

 The president is the chief executive and the head of

the state but his power is limited by significant checks
from the two other co-equal branches of government
especially during times of emergency.
 In case of national emergency, the president may still
declare martial law, but no longer than a period of
sixty days. Congress through a majority vote can
revoke this decision or extend it for a period that they
determine. The Supreme Court may also review the
declaration of martial law and decide if there were
sufficient justifying facts for the act.
 The president and the vice-president are elected at
large by a direct vote, serving a single six-year term.

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THE LEGISLATIVE BRANCH

 There are 24 senators elected by large by

popular vote and can serve no more than two
consecutives six-year terms.

 The House of Representative is composed of

district representatives representing a particular
their geographic area and makes up around
80% of the total number of representatives.

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 THE JUDICIAL BRANCH

SUPREME COURT

COURT OF APPEALS SANDIGANBAYAN COURT OF TAX APPEALS

Regional Trial Courts Shari’a District Courts

Metropolitan Municipal Trial Shari’a Ciruitt

Trial Courts Courts in town Courts

Municipal Trial Municipal

Courts in the Circuit Trial
Cities Courts
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 THE JUDICIAL BRANCH

 The Judicial system is also called the Court System

 Interprets and applies laws in the name of the state

 Often tasked to ensure equal justice under the law

 Consist of a court of Final Appeal called the Supreme

Court or the Constitutional Court together with the lower
courts.

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 The Philippines is a democratic and republican State.
Sovereignty resides in the people and all government
authority emanates from them.

 The prime duty of the Government is to serve and protect the

people. The government may call upon the people to
defend the State and, in the fulfillment thereof, all citizens
may be required, under conditions provided by law, to render
personal military or civil service.

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 No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property
without due process of law, nor shall any person be
denied the equal protection of the laws

 Restore the freedom of speech and to form an

association.

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 REFERENCES

Nery, I., Sion, PJ., Dolina, V. (2019). Reading in Philippine History.

Paranaque City, Philippines: JTCA Publishing.

constituteproject.org Philippines's Constitution of 1987.

https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Philippines_1987.pdf

https://thedefiant.net/in-memory-of-the-separation-of-powers-of-
the-philippine-government/

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