Reducingvulnerabilityto

nonͲsynopticwinds.
TheWindEEEDome
Horia Hangan

SUMMARY

• MinimizingVulnerability
• WindEEE
• Tornadoes
• Downbursts
• Furtherwork
VULNERABILITY

Pielke Jr.(1997):

minimizeVulnerability =f(Incidence,Exposure)

Incidence =f(Intensity,Occurrence,Frequency)
Exposure =f(Population,Property,Preparedness)

WindIncidence:Intensity

HURRICANES TORNADOS

V=14.1(F+2)1.5 BF12=M1
WindIncidence:Occurrence

Tornado Alley Dixie Alley

HURRICANESTORNADOES

WindIncidence:Frequency
>F2
• MonteCarloSimulationsfor30,000years
• MinimumReturnPeriod=4,000years/sq.km
• MaximuminOklahoma,MinimuminNevada
>F4
• MonteCarloSimulationsfor18millionyears
• MinimumReturnPeriod=16,700/sq.km
95% F0,F1andF2;Only0.1% F5
F5=0.1*F4=0.02*F3=0.006*F2
1921Ͳ1995DatabasebyGrazulis (1993),MonteCarloSimulationsbyMeyeretal.(2005)
WindEEE:Milestones

Funded :April2009
Design :December2010
WindEEERI:July2011
Construction :September2013
Commissioned:September2014

WindEEE:PreliminaryDesign
straight/shearedflowtornadoflowdownburstflow
WindEEE:EngineeringDesign

• Activetopographicterrain
• 1.5 MWoffanpower
• 5 mliftandturntable
• 106 individuallycontrolledfans
• 1600 floorroughnesselements
• 5 mdiameterstormsystems
• 2 m/swindstormtranslation

WindEEE:ResearchReady

SixInitialDesignSpecifications:

Ͳ StraightModeUniform
Ͳ StraightModeBoundaryLayer
Ͳ StraightModeShear
Ͳ Tornado
Ͳ Downburst
Ͳ ReversedFlowMode

-
+HH7-
 WindEEEResearchInstitute:Outcomes

Publications:50–55/year
Conferences/seminars:55Ͳ60/year
ResearchGrants:$2M(excluding
operationalfunds)
GraduateFellows:25Ͳ30 coregroup

TORNADOES

Elie,Manitobatornado2007 BenningtonKansasEFͲ4Tornado2013
Tornadoes:FullscaleROTATEcampaign
DatafromCSWRColorado:9tornadovolumesfromEF0toEF3

V tan (m/s)
1000 40
38
36
34
32
800 30
28
26
24
22
600

z (m)
20

DOW3 18
16
14
400 12
10
8
6
4
200 2
0

0 5
0 200 400 600 800
Dopplervelocity(m/s)contourmapof r (m)
theHappy,TX2007tornadoat0203:20
UTCandat0.3ȗradarbeamangle

Tornadoes:LaboratoryFlowVisualizations
Smoke:Churchetal. DryIce:MWD HeliumBubble:MWD

Sу0.1

Sу0.1
Sу0.4

Sш 1
Sу0.4
Tornadoes:LaboratoryPIV

Sу0.25 Sу0.57 Sш1

Tornadoes:Scaling
• Theoverallmaximum
40 z= 40 m

tangentialvelocity z= 80 m
z= 120 m
z= 160 m
z= 200 m
Vtan,max = Vtan(rc,max, zmax)30 z= 240 m
z= 280 m
V tan (m/s)

z= 320 m
• Velocityscale 20

ʄv= Vtan,max,D/Vtan,max,S
• Lengthscale 10

rc,max,D/rc,max,S Goshen County , WY 2009 (EF2)

ʄl = zmax,D/zmax,S 0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
r(km)
R (km)
 Tornadoes:Scaling
10000
30
rc,max,D /rc,max,S
z max,D /z max,S z=120m
z=136m
8000 25 z=160m
z=155m
z=200m
20 z=194m
Length Scale

6000

V tan (m/s)
15

4000
10

2000 5

0
0 200 400 600 800 1000
0 r (m)
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4
Swirl ratio
GCv2
• IntersectionofthetwoscalingratiosͲ>SwirlRatio
• Matchingradialprofilesoftangentialvelocityateveryheight

Tornadoes:FlowvisualizationsinWindEEE

• SimulateEF1,EF2,
EF3andEF4
tornadoes
• Demonstrate
flowstructurevs.
Realtornadoes
Tornadoes:BasepressuresinWindEEE

• SimulateEF1,EF2,
EF3andEF4
tornadoes
• Demonstrate
flowstructurevs.
Realtornadoes

Tornadoes:LargeScalePIVinWindEEE
Tornadoes:Translation

DOWNBURSTS
Downbursts:FullScaleData

Downbursts:FullScaleData

Movingaverage?Coherentbehaviour?POD/Wavelet/PR/DynamicPCA/ICA?

Holmesetal.(2008)
Downbursts:FlowVisualizationsinWindEEE

Downbursts:PIVinWindEEE
Worktodo
• StatisticsofnonͲsynopticwinds:
¾ Underdevelopment
• SimulationofFlowFields
¾ FullScaleDataunderdevelopment
¾ MeanandFirstOrderStatisticsonly
• InteractionwithStructures
¾ DifferencesinloadingbetweenABLandnonͲABLwinds
¾ Timeanalysis(whattype?)vs.Spectralanalysis
Damage
¾ DamagePath
¾ Engineeringretrofitandnewsolutions

Thankyou!
www.windeee.ca