SOUND & LIGHT WAVES

WAVE
•a repetitive disturbance traveling
through a medium or space going
from one location to another

1. Longitudinal
2. Transverse
Based on the figure above, the individual particles of
the medium in a transverse wave _______
A. move in circles
B. move in ellipses D
C. move parallel to the direction of travel
D. move perpendicular to the direction of travel
 WAVES - MODE OF PROPAGATION

•Electromagnetic Wave
Waves that does not need a medium to travel

•Mechanical wave
Waves that need a medium to travel
It is called the height of the wave.
A. Wavelength
B. Frequency
C. Amplitude
D. Velocity
C
It is the number of wave cycles in a given
unit of time
A. Wavelength
B. Frequency
C. Amplitude
D. Velocity B
It is the distance of one complete wave
A. Wavelength
B. Frequency
C. Amplitude
D. Velocity A
Identify the wave with the highest frequency. A
Identify the wave with the lowest frequency. D
Identify the wave with the lowest amplitude. D
SOUND
PROPAGATION & CHARACTERISTICS OF SOUND
What kind of wave is sound considered to be?
A. mechanical and transverse
B. mechanical and longitudinal
C. electromagnetic and transverse
D. electromagnetic and longitudinal
B
 WHAT IS SOUND?

•Sound is
- A form of energy made by vibrations.
- When an object vibrates it causes the
air particles around it to move.
- an example of Mechanical wave
 3 ELEMENTS NECESSARY FOR SOUND
PRODUCTION:

•a vibrating source
•energy is transmitted by a medium
•energy is transferred to the receiver in
the form of a wave disturbance
 Sound is transmitted by in
which the wave travels in the same
direction of the particles within the
wave.
A. Transverse wave
B. Longitudinal wave B
 CHARACTERISTICS OF SOUND

•Pitch
•Loudness
•Intensity
The frequency of a sound wave
determines the sound’s
A. intensity
B. loudness
C. pitch C
The intensity of a sound depends on.
A. amplitude
B. frequency

A
C. velocity
 FACTORS AFFECTING SOUND
TRANSMISSION AND PROPAGATION

• Sound travels through all forms of medium gases,

liquids and solid.
• Sound travel at different velocity depending on the
medium elasticity, density and temperature
• As temperature increases, air particles moves faster
causing sound to be transmitted in a faster rate.
 Q&A

In which medium is sound likely

to travel faster – through a
sponge, a rubber band or a
piece of modeling clay.

rubber band
Through which of the following materials
does sound travel the fastest?
A. vacuum
B. air
C. water D
D. steel
Sound
•Reflection
•Reverberation
•Refraction
•Interference
What is echo an example of?
A. reflection
B. refraction
C. reverberation A
D. interference
Which phenomenon is produced when
2 or more waves meet up with one
another?

B
A. refraction
B. interference
C. reflection
Which of the following describes how sound
travels?
A. sound travels faster than light
B. sound travels occasionally
C. sound travels slower than light
C
D. sound travels with the same speed as light
LIGHT
 LIGHT
• Light is a form of energy or electromagnetic
radiation.
• Light is transmitted by electromagnetic wave or
transverse wave.
• Like any electromagnetic wave, light does not
need a medium. Light can travel through
a vacuum of space from the Sun to the Earth.
BENDING PENCIL
Observe and
compare what
happen to the pencil
in an empty glass
and the pencil in a
glass filled with water.
An electromagnetic wave can travel in any
medium including in vacuum. It moves in a
vacuum in its maximum speed.
The speed of light varies as it travels from a
certain medium to another. It moves slower
when it travels from a less dense to a denser
material and travels faster from a denser
material to a lower density material.
This characteristic of light shows bending as
it travels to a different density called
REFRACTION
Refraction is the change in direction a wave
undergoes as it passes from one physical
medium into another.
 WHITE LIGHT
Procedure:
1. Fill the container with water almost to its rim.
2. Place the mirror with its part partially submerged into the water.
3. Hold the paper above the container with one hand and use the other
hand to turn on the flashlight or any source of light into the submerged
part of the mirror.
4. Adjust the position of the mirror until you see color bands on the paper.
5. Other members will use prism and flashlight instead of mirror and water.

Questions:
Q1. What happens when the light hits the mirror/prism?
Q2: List and arrange the observed colors based on how they appear on the
paper.
DISPERSION is a kind of refraction
which provide us colors of light.

Water in a glass can also acts as prism. It

also breaks white light into constituent
colors.

A prism is a transparent optical element

with flat and polished surfaces that
disperses light.
The pencil on the picture appears broken at
the surface of the water because the light:
A. speeds up as it moves from air into water
B. slows down as it moves from air into
water
C. stops when it hits the water

B
Which property of light is being
demonstrated by the pencil in the glass of
glass of water?

C
A. reflection
B. diffraction
C. refraction
Light travels fastest in
A. solids
B. air
C. water B
REFLECTION
Reflection occurs when a wave
comes into contact with a surface,
bounces off the surface, and is
redirected back into its original
medium.
 DIFFRACTION

Diffraction is the phenomenon in

which a wave changes direction as it
bends around an object in its path or
passes through an opening.
 COLOR COMPONENTS

•White light from the sun is composed of visible

frequencies consisting of different colors
•The changed of speed as white light enters the
prism, causes the bending of the components of
light, causing the dispersion of light into its
colored components
What part of the electromagnetic
spectrum can be seen by human eye?
A. ultraviolet rays
B. infrared
C. visible light C
Visible light consist of different types of colors. These
colors are differentiated on the basis of their
wavelengths.

Wavelength and frequency of light are

inversely proportional
Arrangement of colors of light shows the hierarchy of
the colors with corresponding energy.
Q1. Which color has the
highest frequency? the
shortest wavelength?
Q2. Which color has the
lowest frequency? the
longest wavelength?
Q3. What did you observe
about the wavelengths
and frequencies of the
different colors of light?
Q4. Do the frequencies of
colors of light increase
from red to violet?
Q5. What did you observe
about the corresponding
energies from red to
violet?
• The wavelength decreases from red to violet while
frequency increases from red to violet
• As the frequency of the color of light increases, the energy
also increases
• Red has the least frequency with the least energy and
violet has the highest frequency and the highest energy
• The product of frequency and wavelength is equal to the
speed or velocity of the wave
Energy of colors of light is given by the formula
E = hf
where: E - energy
h - planck’s constant (6.62606957x10-34 m2 kg/s
f – frequency
As the frequency of the color of light increases, the
energy also increases
A wave with low frequency would have
relatively
A. low energy, short wavelength
B. low energy, long wavelength
C. high energy, short wavelength B
Which color of light has the lowest energy?
A. red C. green
B. blue D. violet

A
When white light passes through a prism,
which light bends most?
A. red C. green
B. blue D. violet D
Which of the following correctly expresses the
relationship between frequency and wavelength?
A. frequency increase as wavelength increases
B. frequency decreases as wavelength increases
C. frequency is equal to wavelength

B
After a rainstorm, a rainbow may appear in the sky.
Which statement explains this observation?
A. Raindrops act as prisms separating sunlight into
colors.
B. The white clouds are actually prisms composed of
different colors.
C. The colors of the rainbow come from raindrops in
the atmosphere.
D. When the sunlight is reflected by the ground A
towards the clouds, it separates into a rainbow