INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

OF
PHYSICS

NAME : ADITYA KUMAR

CLASS :- 12TH – C
ROLL NO. :-
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that ADITYA KUMAR student of

class 12th – C has successfully completed
the project under the guidance of
Mr. V.K. KASHYAP (physics teacher) During
the academic year 2022-23 .

Signature Signature
of of
Subject Teacher External Examnier
 ACKNOWLEDGAEMENT

In the accomplishment of this project

successfully, many people have best owned
upon me their blessings and the heart
pledged support, this time I am utilizing to
thank all the people who have been
concerned with project .Primarily I would
thank god for being able to complete
this project with success. Then I would like
to thank my physics teacher
Mr. V.K. KASHYAP whose valuable
guidance has been the ones that helped me
patch this project and make it full proof
success his suggestions and his instructions
has served as the major contributor
towards the completion of the
project .Then I would like to thank my
parents and
friends who have helped me with their
valuable suggestions and guidance has been
helpful in various phases of the completion of
the project.
ji
 CONTENTS

: - Introduction
:- Principle
:- Diagram
:- Construction
:- Working

:- Advantage of AC generator

:- Disadvantages of AC generator

:- BIBLIOGRAPHY

INTRODUCTION
:- An electric generator is a
device that converts mechanical energy to
electrical energy.

: - A generator forces electric current to

flow through an external circuit. The source of
mechanical energy may be a reciprocating or
turbine steam engine, water falling through
turbine or waterwheel, an internal combustion
engine, a wind turbine, a hand crank,
compressed air, or any other source of
mechanical energy.

:- Generators provide nearly all of the power for

electric power grids
 PRINCIPLE OF AC GENERATOR

AC generators work on the principle

of Faraday’s law of electromagnetic
induction, which states that
electromotive force – EMF or voltage –
is generated in a current-carrying
conductor that cuts a uniform magnetic
field. This can either be achieved by
rotating a conducting coil in a static
magnetic field or rotating the magnetic
field containing the stationary conductor.
The preferred arrangement is to keep
the coil stationary because it is easier to
draw induced alternating current from a
stationary armature coil than from a
rotating coil.
DIAGRAM OF AC GENERATOR
CONSTRUCTION OF AC
GENERATOR
Armature
The part of an AC generator in which the
voltage is produced is known as an
armature. This component primarily
consists of coils of wire that are large
enough to carry the full-load current of the
generator.

Slip Rings
Slip rings are electrical connections used to
transfer power to and fro from the rotor of
an AC generator. They are typically
designed to conduct the flow of current from
a stationary device to a rotating one.

Field
The field consists of coils of conductors that
receive a voltage from the source and produce
magnetic flux. The magnetic flux in the field cuts

the armature to produce a voltage. This voltage is

the output voltage of the AC generator.

Stator
The stator is the stationary part of an AC generator.
The stator core comprises a lamination of steel
alloys or magnetic iron to minimise the eddy
current losses.
WORKING OF AC GENERATOR
It coil is rotated between poles of
permanent magnetic the magnetic flux
changes continuously as a result
induced EMF is produced .
The total magnetic flux link with the coil
is given by

 θ = N ( . )
⃗
B ⃗
A

 ɸ = N B Cos ωt A, 
The induced emf in the coil is given by
Faraday’s Laws of Electromagnetic
Induction, which is
V = – dØ /dt
= – d (NBA Cos ωt)/dt
 V = NBA ω sin ωt —— (i)

V0 = N Bm A ω = N Bm A 2πf ——- (ii)

Substitute (ii) in (i),

V = V0 sin ωt
Induced alternating current is given
by,
 I = V/R = V0 sin ωt/ R
ADVANTAGES OFAC GENRATOR

 AC is very easy and efficient to

transmit over a long distance rather than
DC
 The design of the AC generator is
fairly simpler than DC generator type
 No need for matching a voltage 
 Cost of ownership is lower
 They have a quiet operation
 This also makes easier to maintain
this generator 
 An AC generator allows users to
convert its current to other voltage with
the use of transformers
 DISADVANTAGES OF AC
GENERATOR

 This poses a challenge when it

comes to handling because of the
greater voltages needed to supply a
fixed level of power
 In these systems require additional
insulation because of the greater
voltages needed to supply a fixed level
of power
 In addition to all these risks, an AC
generator is not as durable as a DC
generator type
 Working with alternating current
system has some distinct risk and
difficulties  as compared to what can be
expected from DC motors
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

.•cbse lab manual

•help physics teacher
• ncert text book
• websites :-
www.vedantu.com
www.google.com
www.wekipedia.com