Loops in PHP

❖ Loops in PHP:-
Loops in PHP are used to execute the same block of code a specified
number of times. PHP supports following four loop types.
● for − loops through a block of code a specified number of times.
● while − loops through a block of code if and as long as a specified condition
is true.
● do...while − loops through a block of code once, and then repeats the loop
as long as a special condition is true.
● foreach − loops through a block of code for each element in an array.
⮚ The for loop statement

o The for statement is used when you know how many times you want to
execute a statement or a block of statements.
SYNTAX
for (initialization; condition; increment){
code to be executed;
}
The initializer is used to set the start value for the counter of the number of loop iterations. A variable
may be declared here for this purpose, and it is traditional to name it $i.
PARAMETERS
The php for loop is similar to the java/C/C++ for loop. The parameters of for loop have
the following meanings:
- initialization - Initialize the loop counter value. The initial value of the for loop is
done only once. This parameter is optional.
- condition - Evaluate each iteration value. The loop continuously executes until
the condition is false. If TRUE, the loop execution continues, otherwise the
execution of the loop ends.
- Increment/decrement - It increments or decrements the value of the variable.
The following example makes five iterations and changes the assigned value of two
variables on each pass of the loop –
<html>
<body>
<?php
$a = 0;
$b = 0;
for( $i = 0; $i<5; $i++ ) {

$a += 10;
$b += 5;
}
echo ("At the end of the loop a = $a and b = $b" );

?>
</body>
</html>
Output:-
At the end of the loop a = 50 and b = 25

Ex:-2
<?php
$i = 1;
//infinite loop
for (;;) {
echo $i++;
echo "";
}
?>
Output:
1
2
3
4
.
.
.
PHP NESTED FOR LOOP

We can use for loop inside for loop in PHP, it is known as nested for loop. The inner for
loop executes only when the outer for loop condition is found true.
In case of inner or nested for loop, nested for loop is executed fully for one outer for
loop. If outer for loop is to be executed for 3 times and inner for loop for 3 times, inner
for loop will be executed 9 times (3 times for 1st outer loop, 3 times for 2nd outer loop
and 3 times for 3rd outer loop).
Ex:-
<?php
for($i=1;$i<=3;$i++){
for($j=1;$j<=3;$j++){
echo "$i $j ";
}
}
?>
Output:-
1 1
1 2
1 3
2 1
2 2
2 3
3 1
3 2
3 3
PHP WHILE LOOP
PHP while loop can be used to traverse set of code like for loop. The while loop
executes a block of code repeatedly until the condition is FALSE. Once the condition
gets FALSE, it exits from the body of loop.
It should be used if the number of iterations is not known.
The while loop is also called an Entry control loop because the condition is checked
before entering the loop body. This means that first the condition is checked. If the
condition is true, the block of code will be executed.
SYNTAX
while(condition){
//code to be executed
}
ALTERNATIVE SYNTAX
while(condition):

endwhile;
PHP WHILE LOOP FLOWCHART
Ex:1
<?php
$n=1;
while($n<=10){
echo "$n ";
$n++;
}
?>
Output:-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
ALTERNATIVE EXAMPLE
<?php
$n=1;
while($n<=10):
echo "$n ";
$n++;
endwhile;
?>
Output:-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
PHP Infinite While Loop

If we pass TRUE in while loop, it will be an infinite loop.
Syntax
while(true) {
}
Example
<?php
while (true) {
echo "Vaishnavi!";
echo "";
}
?>
Output:-
Vaishnavi
Vaishnavi
Vaishnavi
Vaishnavi
Vaishnavi
Vaishnavi
.
.
.
.
.
Vaishnavi
Vaishnavi
PHP DO-WHILE LOOP
PHP do-while loop can be used to traverse set of code like php while loop. The PHP
do-while loop is guaranteed to run at least once.
The PHP do-while loop is used to execute a set of code of the program several times. If
you have to execute the loop at least once and the number of iterations is not even
fixed, it is recommended to use the do-while loop.
It executes the code at least one time always because the condition is checked after
executing the code.
The do-while loop is very much similar to the while loop except the condition check.
The main difference between both loops is that while loop checks the condition at the
beginning, whereas do-while loop checks the condition at the end of the loop.
SYNTAX
do{
}while(condition);
Ex:-1
<?php
$n=1;
do{
echo "$n ";
$n++;
}while($n<=10);
?>
Output:-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
A semicolon is used to terminate the do-while loop. If you don't use a semicolon after the do-while loop,
it is must that the program should not contain any other statements after the do-while loop. In this case,
it will not generate any error.
<?php
$x = 5;
do {
echo "Vaishnavi.” ";
$x++;
} while ($x < 10);
?>
Output
Vaishnavi
Vaishnavi
Vaishnavi
Vaishnavi
Vaishnavi
The following example will increment the value of $x at least once. Because the given condition is false.
<?php
$x = 1;
do {
echo "1 is not greater than 10.";
echo "";
$x++;
} while ($x > 10);
echo $x;
?>
Output
1 is not greater than 10.
2
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WHILE AND DO-WHILE LOOP

while Loop do-while loop
The while loop is also named as entry The do-while loop is also named as exit control
control loop. loop.
The body of the loop does not execute if The body of the loop executes at least once, even
the condition is false. if the condition is false.
Condition checks first, and then block of Block of statements executes first and then
statements executes. condition checks.
This loop does not use a semicolon to Do-while loop use semicolon to terminate the
terminate the loop. loop.
PHP FOR EACH LOOP
● THE FOREACH STATEMENT IS USED TO LOOP THROUGH ARRAYS. FOR EACH
PASS THE VALUE OF THE CURRENT ARRAY ELEMENT IS ASSIGNED TO $VALUE
AND THE ARRAY POINTER IS MOVED BY ONE AND IN THE NEXT PASS NEXT
ELEMENT WILL BE PROCESSED.
● PHP FOR EACH LOOP IS USED TO TRAVERSE ARRAY ELEMENTS.

Syntax
foreach( $array as $var ){
}

Ex:-1
<?php
$season=array("summer","winter","spring","autumn");
foreach( $season as $arr ){
echo "Season is: $arr ";
}
?>
Output:-
Season is: summer
Season is: winter
Season is: spring
Season is: autumn
Ex-2
<html>
<body>
<?php
$array = array( 1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
foreach( $array as $value ) {

echo "Value is $value ";
}
?>
</body>
</html>
Output:-
Value is 1
Value is 2
Value is 3
Value is 4
Value is 5
Exit, Die, Return

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❖ Loops in PHP:-

⮚ The for loop statement

for( $i = 0; $i<5; $i++ ) {

echo ("At the end of the loop a = $a and b = $b" );

At the end of the loop a = 50 and b = 25

PHP NESTED FOR LOOP

It should be used if the number of iterations is not known.

PHP WHILE LOOP FLOWCHART

PHP Infinite While Loop

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WHILE AND DO-WHILE LOOP

● PHP FOR EACH LOOP IS USED TO TRAVERSE ARRAY ELEMENTS.

foreach( $array as $value ) {

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