DEPARTMENT OF PURE & APPLIED

CHEMISTRY
Visca, Baybay City, Leyte, PHILIPPINES
Telefax: + 63 563-7747
Email: dopac@ vsu.edu.ph
Website: www.vsu.edu.ph

DEPARTMENT OF PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY

VSU, Visca, Baybay City, Leyte
Name: Joseph Virgil J. Dagoro__ Schedule: Wednesday (2:00– 5:00) ______
Instructor: _ Elizabeth S. Quevedo Activity: Carbohydrate Learning Activity_____

1. Classify the following monosaccharides: A] aldose B] ketose

A. Ketose B. Aldose C. Ketose D. Aldose

2. Identify the structures below as being the α- or β- forms, and draw the structure of their anomers:

Structure: β Structure: α

Anomer: Anomer:
 DEPARTMENT OF PURE & APPLIED
CHEMISTRY
Visca, Baybay City, Leyte, PHILIPPINES
Telefax: + 63 563-7747
Email: dopac@ vsu.edu.ph
Website: www.vsu.edu.ph

3. Identify the glycosidic linkage in each of the following molecules:

ETHANOL

METHANOL

4. Define the following terms: polysaccharide, furanose, pyranose, aldose, ketose, glycosidic bond,
oligosaccharide, glycoprotein, reducing sugar.

a. A polysaccharide is a polymer of simple sugars, which are compounds that contain a single carbonyl group
and several hydroxyl groups.

b. A furanose is a cyclic sugar that contains a five-membered ring similar to that in furan.

c. A pyranose is a cyclic sugar that contains a six-membered ring similar to that in pyran.

d. An aldose is a sugar that contains an aldehyde group;

e. a ketose is a sugar that contains a ketone group.

f. A glycosidic bond is the acetal linkage that joins two sugars.

g. An oligosaccharide is a compound formed by the linking of several simple sugars (monosaccharides) by

glycosidic bonds.

h. A glycoprotein is formed by the covalent bonding of sugars to a protein.

 DEPARTMENT OF PURE & APPLIED
CHEMISTRY
Visca, Baybay City, Leyte, PHILIPPINES
Telefax: + 63 563-7747
Email: dopac@ vsu.edu.ph
Website: www.vsu.edu.ph

5. Name which, if any, of the following are epimers of D-glucose: D-mannose, D-galactose, Dribose.

Answer: D-Mannose and D-galactose are both epimers of -glucose, with inversion of configuration around
carbon atoms 2 and 4, respectively;D-ribose has only five carbons, but the rest of the sugars named in
this question have six.

6. Draw a Haworth projection for the disaccharide gentibiose, given the following information: (a) It is a dimer
of glucose. (b) The glycosidic linkage is β(1→ 6). (c) The anomeric carbonnot involved in the glycosidic
linkage is in the α configuration.

7. How does glycogen differ from starch in structure and function?

Starch and Glycogen, both are made of glucose, in fact are polymers of glucose. Starch is stored in plants as
food reserve. Starch is present in two forms- Amylose- which is linear chain of glucose and Amylopectin is a
branched chain polymer of glucose. Glycogen is found in animals and is stored in liver. It is an extensively
branched chain of glucose molecule. whenever energy is required, glucose is released from the end by enzymes.

8. What is the main structural difference between cellulose and starch?

Starch involves alpha glucose, whereas cellulose involves beta glucose. Starch forms a coiled structure,
whereas cellulose forms a linear fiber.
 DEPARTMENT OF PURE & APPLIED
CHEMISTRY
Visca, Baybay City, Leyte, PHILIPPINES
Telefax: + 63 563-7747
Email: dopac@ vsu.edu.ph
Website: www.vsu.edu.ph

9. Recall: What is the main structural difference between glycogen and starch?

Glycogen is made of single molecule, the energy storage carbohydrate that is found mainly in animals and
fungi, it forms a branched chain structure. Starch is made of 2molecules mainly amylopectin and amylose, they
form linear or branched structure, the energy storage carbohydrate that is found predominantly in plants.

10. What is the benefit of fiber in the diet?

Fiber helps regulate the body's use of sugars, helping to keep hunger and blood sugar in check

11. Some athletes eat diets high in carbohydrates before an event. Suggest a biochemical basis for this practice.

Because athletes need ample amount of energy to perform vigorous physical activities. And carbohydrates are a
good source of energy.

B. TRUE OR FALSE. Write TRUE in capital letters if the statement is correct; FALSE, if not.

TRUE 1. The molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6.

FALSE 2. Boat and chair configurations are found only in A-D-glucopyranose.

FALSE 3. The most abundant biomolecule on earth is water.

FALSE 4. The intestinal cells of the adult can only absorb glucose.

TRUE 5. Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes & phenols.

TRUE 6. Monosaccharides are the "building blocks" of carbohydrates.

TRUE 7. Fructose & glucose are structural monosaccharides.

FALSE 8. Ribose & glucose have the same number of C atoms.

TRUE 9. Mannitol is a disaccharide.

TRUE 10. Chitin is a homopolysaccharide.

 DEPARTMENT OF PURE & APPLIED
CHEMISTRY
Visca, Baybay City, Leyte, PHILIPPINES
Telefax: + 63 563-7747
Email: dopac@ vsu.edu.ph
Website: www.vsu.edu.ph

TRUE 11. Mannonic acid is a sugar acid.

FALSE 12. The carbohydrate of honey is fucose.

TRUE 13. -D-glucopyranose and -D-glucopyranose are anomeric isomers.

TRUE 14. The smallest carbohydrates are trioses.

FALSE 15. Sucrose is the disaccharide produced on the hydrolysis of starch.

TRUE 16. Carbohydrates occur naturally in the D-form.

TRUE 17. Peptidoglycan is the material that results from the crosslinking of polysaccharides by the peptide.

FALSE 18. Type O blood is a universal acceptor.

TRUE 19. Maltose is a reducing sugar.

FALSE 20. Glucose and galactose are epimers at carbon number 2.