1) because there is no global legislature and no formal hierarchy of international courts and tribunals

where we can find all the laws constituted in international law. We need to know where we can find
the law.

2) International law is based on four various sources;

* International conventions
* International custom
* General principals of law
* Judicial decisions and the teachings of the most highly qualified publicists

3) Treaties bind two parties from different parts of the world. A treaty comprises of a common goal
and a set of rules which will be respected by both sides. If a treaty becomes accepted by multiple
countries, the rules in the treaty will become international law. Treaties are gaining ground.

4) if there is a number of countries who practice the same and have a friendly relation with each
other, they develop customary law or custom. State practice can be expressed in various ways, such
as governmental actions in relation to other states, legislation, diplomatic notes, ministerial and
other official statements, government manuals (as on the law of armed conflict), and certain
unanimous or consensus resolutions of the UN General Assembly.

5) Yes, because they silently accepted everything that is international law.

6) The conviction or recognition that is particular customed really an opinion of law.

7) To cover standards that not have been covered. A judge is the one who has to decide, you have to
judge. A judge is formally obligated to state his thought/vision.

8) the judge has the obligation to act in good faith. He has to decide/ judge neutrally and not in
favour of someone because he likes that country or person more than the other.

9) if you take a position you clarify your choice and when a state clarifies its position, it will be
interpreted in law.

10) Jurisprudence  precedent. International law is a mix of different laws. One them being the
common law which uses precedent. They look back into history and apply the same judgement. It’s
doing the same thing over and over again, it goes against being innovative.

Norms: introduced by Hans Kelsen, = standards, related to the theoretical and/or hierarchical
analysis of international law

11) In domestic law are all the laws in books here in Belgium. In international laws are the laws in
texts.

12) In international law, the concept of erga omnes obligations refers to specifically determined
obligations that states have towards the international community as a whole.
For example freedom of navigation in international waterways or a regime for a special area, such as
Antarctica. (Wet voor te beslissen wie waar mag vissen …)

13) A norm accepted and recognised by the international community of states as a whole as a norm
from which no derogation is permitted and which can be modified only by a subsequent norm of
general international law having the same character. E.G.: genocide, slavery, torture…
14) SOFT LAW: are legal principles and they won’t particularly be enforced in a judicial way, but it will
still be respected by the state. It can’t be enforced because there isn’t an international army or police
to defend it.

15) rules of politeness, convenience and goodwill, sometimes to arrange very minor and practical
issues such as the reciprocal provision of free, but limited, on-street parking for diplomats.

16) Monism: that international and domestic law is seen as one set of entity

17) Dualism: you need to translate international law in domestic law.

18) Not only states are subjects, individuals are also subjects; but then there are non-profit
organisations who are in the middle of both. They are gaining power and none of their leaders have
democratically been elected.
International private and public law:
Private: it deals with individuals and companies
Public: it deals with states.