6.

8 DEVIATION OF MAXWELL'S EQUATIONS IN DIFFERENTIAL FORM

1. Maxwell's first equation Jo wel

According to Gauss's law E dS-4

&0
Ifp be the charge density and dV, the small volume considered, then

9-pd
fEdSpdv
or
EoE dS-pdV
or
D ds , pdv e E=D).0)
According to divergence theorem,

D d - D) dV ..2)
From eqs. (1) and (2), we get

D) dV- pdV
V-D-P 3)
 393
Varying Field And Manwell's Equations
From eq. (a), V-E-Lor div, EP 0)

Maxwell's second equation

V-B-0
According to Gauss's law for magnetism

B dS-0

Transforming the surface integral into volume integral by Gauss's divergence

theorem, we have

Bd-(-B) dV
B) d=0
As the volume
is arbitrary, the integral must be zero. Hence,
..b)
B-0
div. B =0
or

.Maxwell's third equation

OB

According to Faraday's law

E dl-- B dS
E dl-- as ee..(4)
or

Applying Stoke's theorem

(5)
6E d-[.(xE) "ds
From eqs. (4) and (5), we get

J.(xE)dS= - OB s (6)
t
Eq. (6) is true for all surfaces, therefore,
OB .(c)

OB
Or
curl E=-
 Electromagnetic Field Ther
394 eory
4. Maxwell' fourth equation
VxH-JD

the lineintegral of magnetic field intes

According Ampere's circuital law,
to ensity
enclosed by the path
is equal to the total
current
over a closed path

H dl-I=i, +iu

where /is the total current.

The total current is the sum of conduction current i current

and displacement

current density J, and displacement Curte

rem
ie, I=i +ig. In tems of conduction
density Jas i, and i can be expressed as
,-J J d and y-Jy *ds
Substituting these values in eq. (7), we get
oD
ds
H d= J, dS
+J,a Ot
OD
or H-d=, J 4S+, Ot
9)
is represented by J and Jg =
ÖD/ôt whereD
( Normally, conduction current J,
is electric flux density)

Eq. (9) can be expressed as

fH-a-, (10)

According to Stoke's law beaibu

H d=(x H) ds ...(11)

From eqs. (10) and (11), we get

OD
S. *)-dS=,Jas
ot
Taking derivative of both sides, we get

(VxH)=J+D ..(12)