INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION OF

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

A Research Paper Presented to

Michael John M. Lopez

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Subject

Practical Research 1

Researchers

Nicole C. Cabatania

Jerick V. Catalan

Erica Gail R. Concepcion

John Aldrin A. Lozada

Blesiely Grace G. Magabilin

Zeus M. Mananghaya
 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter contains readings of literature and studies that is relevant based on

different sources considered by the researcher to strengthen the importance of this study. It

also arrays different studies to fully understand the research and for better comprehension of

this study.

INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

Interpersonal communication, as defined by Jouany & Martic (2022) "Interpersonal

communication is the process of  exchange of information, ideas and feelings between two or

more people through verbal or non-verbal methods" (par. 1) they also stated the "It frequently

involves exchanging information face-to-face, using voice, facial expressions, body language,

and gestures. The level of one’s interpersonal communication skills is measured through

the effectiveness of transferring messages  to others." (Jouany & Martic 2022, par. 1)

The Interpersonal Communication Skill is essential to our life, "Interpersonal

communication is needed to solve problems, share information, improve self-perception of

themselves or fulfil social needs such as to love and be loved" (Majid 2017, 5). It builds a

connection to one another according to Febrianita & Hardjati (2019) "The skill of

interpersonal communication convey the connection into another relationship’s stage" (7). It's

a skill that has a great impact to other person and to ourselves.

 We know that we've been through a lot when COVID-19 become viral. Our

communication to other people have been limited, according to Sulistiyaningsih, Mubarok &

Qoyyimah (2022) "The covid-19 has a real effect on all aspects of life, as well as on

education. The usual Performance of learning that doing physically in class, should be

transferred in the distance through application or simply by using social media like

WhatsApp. Online classes became something new to most educators" (1). It's been hard for

us to perform an Interpersonal communication when the pandemic hits. As claimed by Jha

(2020) "Traditional rules of interpersonal communication do not really apply in social media

space" (6).

This past few years, social media platforms had been growing overtime and the

number of people who's been using social media is increasing, According to Coyne et al.

(2018) "the nature of social media changed over the 6-year period, with two popular social

media apps among adolescents (Instagram and Snapchat) being introduced in 2010 and 2011,

respectively" (9). The Interpersonal Communication will be different and challenging as

stated by Venter (2019) "The lack of non-verbal cues makes Computer Mediated

Communication more impersonal in nature. It can lead to loneliness because people often

communicate whilst sitting in isolation in front of their digital devices" (3).

SOCIAL MEDIA: STUDENTS INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION SKILL

The term “social media” (SM) was first used in 1994 on a Tokyo online media

environment, called Matisse. (Aichner et nal. 2021, 4). As time passes by Social Media

platforms is growing. Many businesses and Schools are using Social Media as a way to
communicate in one to another. This helps to rapidly transfer the information to a different

person.

Rapid growth rate of social media platforms comes also an increase in the time we

spent with our gadgets, As attested by Erji et nal. (2022) "Students are so engrossed in the

social media and spend a great deal of time online. Even in classrooms and lecture theaters, it

has been observed that some students are always busy pinging, 2 going or Facebooking while

lectures" (2)

Social Media, It increases our knowledge and opens an opportunity to learn new

skills, According to Singh (2021) "Social Media helps boost creative skills in students by

permitting them to learn and later execute the same by doing it themselves" (par. 4). It

unlocks new possibilities for us to grow and learn. However it also has an effect to our

Interpersonal Communication skills. "the non-verbal communication that takes place during

interpersonal communication is left out when people interact through social media." (Beniwal

2018, 9)

Interpersonal communication, is a very helpful skill because it enhances our

understanding. According to FutureLearn (2022) "Interpersonal communication skills can

improve your personal and professional relationships by helping you to express your thoughts

and convey your intent clearly" (par. 16). This skill helps us in our Jobs, Reporting, Hosting

and especially communicating to one another.

 However, Social Media has a great impact to a Students life and communication,

According to Ecole (2020) "Students have also become heavily dependent on these social

networking sites" (par. 6) and added to that she said that "43% of the students in grades 9-12

have admitted that they use social media to send and receive messages from their classmates

and friends" (par. 7). It is true, that Social Media is now part of our daily life.

SOCIAL MEDIA: NEGATIVE INFLUENCE TO INTERPERSONAL

COMMUNICATION & BEHAVIOR OF THE STUDENT

We know that Social Media has a great impact to academic performance and the life

of a student, despite that there is also a negative impact that Social Media do to

Communicating styles and behavior of a Student. As stated by Openr (2022) “People gain a

better understanding of how communication works by talking face to face” (par. 10) A

personal communication is better than Social Media Platforms because it helps us to make a

better connection to the other person. As Strengthened by Openr (2022) “When people use

the Internet, they frequently do so in a way that does not allow them to fully express

themselves. If you are unable to bridge your differences, you may experience

misunderstandings, which can be a disadvantage when establishing relationships.” (par. 11).

As time goes by, the enjoyment of having a conversation in-person is slowly fading,

According to Lopez & Cuarteros (2022) "The whole family should have time to talk to each

other personally. The students should also learn to express their feelings towards their parents

and other family members to avoid misunderstandings" (13). We must atleast have a quality

time and interpersonal communication to our family.

 A High Usage of social media has an impact to the Students, According to Umar &

Idris (2018) “This unfortunately has become detrimental to students’ academic performance

and psychosocial behavior, hence on the other hand when put to proper use will enhance

both. Therefore, it is imperative to equally consider other variables to assess the correlation

with social media usage” (9). A time management is a must to students in using social media

because a High Usage has a risk to academic performance and psychosocial behavior.

We know that “Facebook” is one of the most used social media platform used as a

daily communication and for academic purposes. This statement is strengthened by Murad et

nal. (2019) “Facebook has infiltrated the 21st-century generations of Internet users, making it

a very active means of communications, particularly among students of higher institutions of

education” (2). It serves a very important role in our communication today.

SOCIAL MEDIA: PLATFORMS THAT AFFECTS INTERPERSONAL

COMMUNICATION AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS

“Facebook has emerged as both an educational venue and an educational tool”

(Soukup 2018, 14). Facebook has a great impact in our lives, this platform is now used by

millions of people. It’s Founder are Mark Zuckerberg, Andrew McCollum, Chris Hughes,

Eduardo Saverin, and Dustin Moskovitz. This platform changes the way of communication,

our most important person is now in our reach with just a click. Somehow Facebook is now

used for Educational tool, it’s mostly known when COVID-19 hits . “The students used

Facebook to help one another on assignments and homework, blending social life and

academics” (Soukup 2018, 14). It affects how students learn and help one another in terms of

academic situations.
 Instagram, one of the popular social media platform in the world. It’s founder is

Kevin Systrom. It is an independent company until it was acquired by the Meta company in

2012. “In 2020, 29% of Instagram users are between 18-24 years old, and 34% are between

25-34 year old” (Pekpazar et nal. 2020, 2). Users of Instagram are mostly used by Adults.

Students who uses Instagram are mostly for communicating but it has an impact in their

behavior that leads to academic problems. “Internet and social media addiction has a positive

correlation with academic procrastination, in other words, the students, who are addicted to

the Internet and social media, more likely procrastinate their academic duties” (Pekpazar et

nal. 2020, 2).

WhatsApp, the 3rd most popular social media platform in the world. It’s used

communicating and commonly used in India which hold 487.5 million user of WhatsApp

(Ruby 2022, par. 2). It’s fouder are Jan Koum and Brian Acton. “students’ behavior and past

experiences when using WhatsApp and the application perceived ease of use shape their

attitudes toward this technology” (Rahaded, Puspitasari, & Hidayati 2022, 10). WhatsApp

helps the students in their attitude also it helps them to share their knowledge fast and widely,

As Strengthened by Rahaded, Puspitasari, & Hidayati (2022) “It helps students to create a

learning community, to easily construct knowledge and to share it with other members of a

WhatsApp group through instant messaging” (10).

This social media platforms helps the students academically and mentally, However

an excessive use of this might lead to addiction or serious health problems. We must also

consider time management in using this different platforms for us to avoid such unwanted
incidents. In overall, Social media has a lot to teach us and to contribute in our social life. It is

up to us on how we will handle our time and mind.

REFERENCES

LITERATURES

Team, Haiilo Content. “Interpersonal Communication: Definition, Importance and Must-

Have Skills.” Haiilo, December 20, 2022. https://haiilo.com/blog/interpersonal-

communication-definition-importance-and-must-have-skills/.

“The Negative Effects Of Social Media On Communication Skills – Openr,” December 19,

2022. Accessed May 5, 2023. https://openr.co/the-negative-effects-of-social-media-on-

communication-skills/.

Rahaded, Umar, Ema Purpitasari, and Dian Hidayati. “THE IMPACT  OF  WHATSAPP 

TOWARD  UAD UNDERGRADUATE  STUDENTS’ BEHAVIOR IN LEARNING

PROCESS.” Researchgate, January 2020. Accessed January 5, 2023. 

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/

338942189_THE_IMPACT_OF_WHATSAPP_TOWARD_UAD_UNDERGRADUATE_ST

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FutureLearn. “What Is Interpersonal Communication and Why Is It Important?,” July 11,

2022. Accessed January 5, 2023. https://www.futurelearn.com/info/blog/what-is-

interpersonal-communication.
Beniwal, Manai. “Social Media and Its Impact on Interpersonal Relationships.” Jarvee, July

30, 2021. Accessed January 5, 2023. https://jarvee.com/social-media-impact-interpersonal-

relationships/.

Aichner, Thomas, Matthias Grünfelder, Oswin Maurer, and Deni Jegeni. “Twenty-Five Years

of Social Media: A Review of Social Media Applications and Definitions from 1994 to

2019.” ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, April 2021. Accessed January 5,

2023. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8064945/#s010title.

Admin, Ecole. “EFFECTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON A STUDENT’S LIFE.” Ecole Globale,

February 2, 2021. Accessed January 5, 2023. https://www.ecoleglobale.com/blog/effects-of-

social-media-on-a-students-life/?amp=1.

Jha, Srirang. “Interpersonal Communication in the Age of Social Media.” researchgate.net,

August 2020. Accessed January 5,

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Coyne, S. “Instagrowth: A Longitudinal Growth Mixture Model of Social Media Time Use

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STUDIES

Sulistiyaningsih, Retno, Ali Mubarok, and Nur Qoyyimah. “Interpersonal Communication

Between Special Educational Needs Teachers and Parents of Special-Needs Student During

Covid-19 Pandemic | KnE Social Sciences.” researchgate.net, November 21, 2022. Accessed

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Orji, Emmanuel, Joy Eke, Oriroman Zikodokuwa, Gloria Madrenji, Chinyere Eze,

Ugochikuwu Elejezere, Matthew Cyril, and Chinasa Orji. “Influence Of Students’ Spent

Time On Social Media On Academic Performance Of Science Education Students,” January

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ime_On_Social_Media_On_Academic_Performance_Of_Science_Education_Students.

Mpundu, Norah. “The Effects of Facebook Usage on Students’ Academic Performance in

Lusaka,” 2022. Accessed January 5, 2023. https://www.grin.com/document/1278144.

Pekpazar, Aycan, Gizen Aydin, Umut Aydin, and Hidayet Beyhan. “Role of Instagram

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Lopez, Ayla, and Kennet Cuarteros. “Exploring the Effects of Social Media on  Interpersonal

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Febrianita, Roziana. “The Power of Interpersonal Communication Skill in Enhancing Service

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Venter, Elza. “Challenges for Meaningful Interpersonal Communication in a Digital Era.”

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Academic  Performance of Secondary School Students,” April 2018. Accessed January 5,

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