INDUS COLLEGE LODHRAN

ADP 3rd Semester Notes Introduction to

Programming
Computer language:
The way of communication between user and compute is called computer language. The computer language can also
be defined as; the interface to interact with hardware is called computer language.
Program:
Set of instructions in sequence given to computer hardware to perform specific tasks is called program.
Sequence of instruction must be
 Input
 Processing
 Output
Types of computer language
 Low level language
 High level language
Low level language:
The language of hardware of the language that is close to hardware is called low level language.
Type of low level language
 Machine language
 Assembly language
Machine language:
The language that consists of “0” and “1” string is called machine language. Since “0” and “1” are binary digits, only
understand by hardware (machine) so the language consisting 0 and 1 is also called binary/machine language. The instruction
written the combination of 0 and 1 are directly understand by hardware being a native language of hardware. The machine
language is hardware dependent.
Assembly language:
The language that consists of symbols code is called assembly language. It is quite easy to learn and understand than
machine language but still difficult to learn due to its machine specific property. It is mostly used building system software and
firmware. Both types of low level languages required deep knowledge of hardware for which we want to program. Although it
is difficult to program in low level languages but the program written in the low level language run efficiently and required less
address space during execution.
High level language:
The languages that are independent of deep hardware knowledge are called high level languages. These languages can also be
defined as the languages that are close to user are called high level languages. The instructions in these types of languages are
like as English. Since these are independent of deep knowledge of hardware so it easy to program using any of the selected high
level language from many available high level languages. High level languages are used to develop different kinds of application
software. BASIC, COBOL, FORTRAN, PASCAL. C/C++, JAVA etc. are some example of the high level languages.