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Annex-4 Short CKT Factor
Annex-4 Short CKT Factor
The sir.e of the conductor therefore should be such that The standard size of aluminium flat nearest to t h i s is
its temperature rise during a fault will maintain its end 50.8 m m x 12.7 m m or (2" x 1/2'') or any other equivalent flat
temperature below the level where the metal of the size (Tables 30.4 or 30.5).
conductor will start to soften. Aluminium. the most widely
used metal for power cables. overhead transmission and This formula is also drawn in the form of curves as
distribution lines or the LT and HT switchgear assembly shown in Figure 28.5, l , c / A x y i t . (I,' in kA) versus
and bu$ duct applications. starts softening at a temperature final temperature. From these curves the minimum
of around 180-200°C. A\ a rule of thumb, on a fault a conductor size can be easily found for any fault level, for
safe temperature rise of 100°C above the allowable end both aluminium and copper conductors and for any desired
temperature of 85°C or 90°C of the conductor during end temperature. As in the above ca\e
norinal service. i.e. up to 185-1 90°C during a fault
condition, is considered safe and taken as the basis to
determine the size of the conductor. The welded" portion,
such a\ at the flexible joints. should also be safe up to
thi4 temperature. Tin or lead solder starts softening at vG = I IO4
around this temperature and should not be used for this
purpose. I t is ad\isable to use brass soldering where
or -
A 4 1.166 x 1.34255 x IO"
100 = 'Ex
100
*I?[ x (1 + 0.00403 x 85) x 1
= 416 mm2
Copper is one two thirds the size of aluminium for the
same parameters and the melting point of copper at almost
1083°C (Table 30.1) is approximately I .S times that of
aluminium at 660°C. These melting points are also located
or A = - 50000 x t'i1.166x1.34255 on the nomograms in Figure 28.6. Refer to nomograms
100 (a) and (bj for aluminium and (c) for copper conductors.
~ 625 6 mm2 for pure aluminium The same area can also be obtained from the copper
curves of Figure 28.5. Assuming the sane end temperature
or = 617 6 mm2 for alloys of aluminium at 185°C. then corresponding to the operating curve of
(assuming a2,,= 0 00363) 85°C.