SIETCH Notes

Muscle contraction

SHEPP - SSHEPPR - SHttpPB

·
Signal arrives to the Sarcoplasmic
· Reticulum ·calcium binds to
neuromuscular junction. releases calcium. tropin, exposing the myosin
The motor neuron releases the neurotransmitter
High concentration of calcium binding sites on the
acetylcholine from itssynaptic resticles into the
in the sarcoplasm is released to
actin filaments.
synaptic cleft. Then, protein receptors
Calcium troponin, allowing
in the motor

more towards the

binds to
end plate detect the neurotransmitters. Finally troponin.
tropomyosin molecules to more aside the
a muscle imprise spreads over the surface of sarcolemma
oposing
and into the tubules, where it reaches the sarcoplasmic
myosin binding sites on the actin filaments.

reficriom. activ During relaxation these binding sites are covered

mocobogons
so myosin and actin will not interact

Proponin

ooo
myosin

SHeePP* ⑱ SHAPP
-
muscle relaxation.
SSHttpPEE
·

Myosincrossbredin -
active transport moves calcium back to
·

the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Tropomyosin

AtP
·

myosin pulls on the

troponin covers the
attaches to myosin, potting actin filaments, shortening.
myosin binding sites on
actin so
it in a
"high-energy" state. The the sacromere myosin can no
longer bind or

ADP IP releases filaments. This allows the T

myosin binding sites are now exposed from myosin, allowing pull on actin

on the action forming a cross bridge.

-
myosin to pull on the actin filament this is bands to more back and the muscle to relax.

known as a
powerstroke. As the actin fillments more

closer together, the lines closer this shortens

get and

the sacromere. When sacromeres are shortened the muscle contracts

causing movement
 Epithelial Tissue!
General characteristics:
Simple Squamous
·formssheets thatcoverandlinethebodycellspackedlightly together
boroforesiminte
·a single layer of flat cells
·

lacks blood vessels

·can reproduce
·exchanges gasses in lungs and
classified according to shape of cells and number of layers. Capilaries (blood vessels)

functions: Simple luboid al

protection, secretion, absorption, excretion, and
sensory receptor.
·

Simi
·single layer of cube shaped cells
Classification:
Simple
·stratified
-

2
1
layer real ·
carries on secretion and absorption
or more
layers In the kidneys and various glands.
-

Pseudostratified appears
-

layered, but is
really one
layer

Cell composition
Simple columnar

·Orboidal-cubeshadeone
columnar-rectangles, columns
Simple
* Single layer
CelIS
of
rectangle shaped verticle

transitional-changes shape from cube to squamous (depending on the amount of urine in the bladder.
columnar ·contains goblet cells that secrete mucus.
·lines uterine tubes, digestive tract, and
parts of the
respiratory tract.

Pseudostratified Columnar

gadrodgers Pseudostrate
t ·

appears to be layered but is not.

nuclei are located in for more levels of the cell

may have goblet cells and or cillid.

·lines the respiratory tract and

reproductive system.

Stratified Squamous
·composed of
many layers of flat cells
is
* stratifiedin
·covers the skin and lines the mouth, throat,

o m g ro g o o o d a n o g a d r i o
vagina, and andcanal.

#
Transitional
Goblet Cells:
is
·specialized tissue that contains both squamous

Cf1at) and cuboidal (Cubed) Cells.

cells that secrete mucus.

Basement Membrane
Transitional Layer between epithelial and connective

issue.

Golgi Body
Makes carbohydrates and
pacicages
it with proteins.