BLOOD-GAS

ANALYZER
• VM BASNAYAKE -C/ENG/19/5621
• AAM AHMED - F/ENG/19/5776
• HSH PERERA - D/ENG/19/0062
 ▪Introduction
▪What does it do
▪Working mechanism
 Acid-base balance
 Oxygenation
CONTENT ▪Components
▪Applications
▪Advancements
▪Reference
 INTRODUCTION
Blood Gas Analyzers are used to measure the pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide(pCO2)
and the partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) of the body fluids with the special reference to the
human blood

The first blood gas analyzer that measured pH, PCO2, and PO2 was developed in 1957.

Blood gas analysis came to be widely used in clinical settings, surgery, anesthesia, and
intensive care by 1966. Competent devices were produced later.

The first combined blood gas/electrolyte analyzer was introduced in 1985.

Cont…
INTRODUCTION
As blood passes through the lungs, oxygen flows into
the blood while carbon dioxide flows out of the
blood into the lungs. The blood gas test can use to
determine how well lungs are able to move oxygen
into the blood and remove carbon dioxide from the
blood.
Blood Gas Analyzer consists of three electrodes
measuring Ph, pCo2 and pO2 at 37C. so this test is
known as Blood Gas Analysis (BGA)
 WHAT DOES IT DO?

Human body contains red blood cells which transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
throughout our body, and these are known as blood gases.
This test measures
pH
PCo2
PO2
WORKING MECHANISM

Acid base
balance/ventilation

Oxygenation
ACID BASE BALANCE/VENTILATION

➢hydrogen ion concentration (pH)

In the blood :
▪The pH is the measurement of the acidity or alkalinity of any fluid
▪normal range of 7.35–7.45
▪Less than 7.35 (acidity)
▪More than 7.45 (alkalinity)
 ➢Paco2
partial pressure of co2 dissolve in
arterial plasma
The PaCO2reflects the state of alveolar
ventilation
Carbon dioxide is produced in the
tissues of the body and eliminated in the
lungs.
Normal range 35-45 mm Hg
PaCO2 > 45 = acidosis
ACID BASE PaCO2 < 35 = alkalosis

BALANCE/VENTILATION
 ➢Hco3
Bicarbonate is produced by
the kidneys
Changes in the HCO3 - level
reflect metabolic function of
the kidneys.
Normal range
HCO3 - < 22 = acidosis
HCO3- > 26 = alkalosis.
ACID BASE
BALANCE/VENTILATION
ACID–BASE IMBALANCE

If ph <7.35 (acidity) and PaCO2 > 45 (respiratory acidosis)

If ph > 7.35 (acidity) and PaCO2 < 45 (respiratory alkalosis)

If ph < 7.35 (acidity) and HCO3 - < 22 (Metabloic acidosis)

If ph > 7.35 (acidity) and HCO3 - > 22 (metabloic alkalosis)

➢The base excess

amount of acid required to restore a litre of blood to its normal pH at a PaCO2 of

40 mmHg.

The base excess increases in metabolic alkalosis and decreases (or becomes more
negative) in metabolic acidosis.
 ➢ Pao2
The PaO2 represents the amount of oxygen
dissolved in the blood
A PaO2 level less than 60% results in tissue
hypoxia
A normal value for arterial blood gas is 80–
100 mmHg
➢Sao2
SaO2 represents the amount of oxygen bound
to hemoglobin.
A normal SaO2 value for arterial blood gas is
95–100%.
OXYGENATION:
COMPONENT
Blood Gas Machine consist of :
▪Screen

▪Sample cover

▪Barcode scanner
COMPONENT
▪ Cartridge door

▪ Printer

▪Handle
COMPONENT
▪VGA port

▪USP port

▪Vent

▪Serial port

▪LAN port
COMPONENT
▪ Power switch

▪ Power port
APPLICATIONS
Blood gas analyzers measures

blood gas :
pH-concentration of Partial pressure of carbon
hydrogen ions (pH) dioxide (pCO2) ,
partial pressure of oxygen
(pO2) in whole blood

Electrolytes: cK+ Metabolites: cGlu

(potassium ion (glucose), cLac
concentration), cNa+, (lactate),ctBil (total
cCa2, cCl- bilirubin )
 ▪To assess acid base imbalance in critical
illness
▪To monitor patients on ventilators and
assist in weaning
▪To assess response to therapeutic
interventions and mechanical
ventilation
▪To assess pre-op patients
▪To measure electrolyte values in most
critically ill ICU patients

APPLICATIONS
•Measurements are used to evaluate a person's lung function and acid/base
balance.
•Blood gases are used to detect an acid-base imbalance, such as can occur with
kidney failure, heart failure, uncontrolled diabetes, severe infections, and drug
overdose.
•Detect if someone is having worsening symptoms of a respiratory problem, such as
difficulty breathing or shortness of breath, and a condition such as asthma or
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
 BLOOD GAS ANALYZERS
• Multi combinational parameters
• Reliable results
• Friendly operation interface
• Results in within less than 1 min
• Both syringes and capillary
• Improve diagnosis times for
patients and clinicians.
•Get Results Fast
Accurate critical data in as little as 35 seconds with less than 100 uL of blood.

PORTABLE BLOOD GAS

ANALYZERS
•Wireless Data Capture
•Convenient Touchscreen
•Get Results Fast
•Handheld Portability
•Convenient Test Card
•Easy Operation
•Point of care
 REFERENCE
▪https://www.slideshare.net/AbdullahAnsaari/arterial-blood-gas-analysis-55264942
▪https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329983426_blood_gas_analyzer_principle
▪https://deanalyzere.blogspot.com/2020/08/blood-gas-analyzer-block-diagram.html
▪https://www.who.int/medical_devices/innovation/blood_gas_analyzer.pdf
▪https://acutecaretesting.org/en/articles/understanding-the-principles-behind-blood-
gas-sensor-technology
▪https://www.slideshare.net/ratihayusulistyoning/blood-gas-analyzer?next_slideshow=1
▪https://derangedphysiology.com/main/required-reading/acid-base-
disorders/Chapter%201.1.1/how-blood-gas-analyser-measures-abg-variables
ANY QUESTIONS ?
THANK YOU !