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CHM 207 Sixth Lecture-1
CHM 207 Sixth Lecture-1
BY DR FAMOJURO)
TRANSITION METALS
Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn
Transition metals are called the d-block element in the periodic table. One of the major
characteristics is that they possess variable oxidation states. This is due to the fact that they
have an incompletely filled d-orbitals. Their properties are transitional between the highly
reactive metallic elements and the elements of the p- block of the periodic table. The below
depicts first transition metals series with their common oxidation states.
Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn
II II II II II II II II II II
III III III III III III III III III
IV IV IV IV IV IV IV
V V V V V
VI VI VI
VII
Transition metals can receive electron-pairs from electron-donating species called Ligands,
(i) Colour
Many ionic and covalent compounds for transition elemets are coloured due to electronic
transition in the incompletely filled d-orbital. The electrons absorb light energy, move from
Transition metals have the tendency to form coordination compounds with Lewis bases or
Ligands. Lewis bases are compounds which are able to donate electrons, while Transition
metals are called Lewis acid because they accept electrons. Transition metals are able to form
complexes easily because they have small, highly-charged ions and possess vacant low energy
d-orbitals, which are used to accept lone pairs of electrons from Ligands or Lewis Bases.
repelled by the external field H and the induced magnetic field could either aligned in the same
or opposite direction to H. If the substance is attracted that means, the induced internal
magnetic field are aligned in the direction of H, then the substance is Paramagnetic. However,
if the substance is repelled and induced internal field will be in opposite direction to H, then
Paramagnetism occurs majorly in transition metal complexes with unpaired electrons, while
diamagnetism is observed for complexes that possesses paired electrons. Many compounds
Magnetism (µs) of these complexes could be determined by estimating the number of unpaired
µs = √n(n+2) µB