56-Which of the following is not correctly matched

Mountain pass State

(a) Sipki La Himachal Pradesh

(b) Bomdila Arunachal Pradesh

(c) Nathu La Meghalaya

(d) Zoji-La Jammu & Kashmir

Ans. (c) Nathu La (UPPCS 2017)

EXPLANATION:

Nathu La

o Nathu La is a mountain pass in the Himalayas in East

Sikkim district.
o It connects the Indian state of Sikkim with China's Tibet
Autonomous Region.
o The pass, at 4,310 m above mean sea level, forms a part of an
offshoot of the ancient Tea Horse Road.
o Nathu means "listening ears" and La means "pass" in Tibetan. 

 Sipki la :
o Shipki La is a mountain pass and border post with a dozen
buildings of significant size on the India-China border.
o The river Sutlej, which is called Langqên Zangbo in Tibet, enters
India near this pass.
o A spur road on the Indian side rises to an altitude of 4,720-
meter km southwest of Shipki La.
 Bomdila :
o The Bum La Pass is a border pass between Tibet's Cona
County and India's Tawang district in Arunachal Pradesh.
o It is 37 km away from the town of Tawang and 43 km from the
town of Cona.
 Zojila :
o Zoji La is a high mountain pass located in the Kargil district
of Ladakh.
o The pass links Leh and Srinagar and provides an important link
between the Union Territories of Ladakh and Kashmir.
57. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code
given below:

List-I (Waterfall) List-II (River)

A. Dudhsagar 1. Ghatprabha

B. Duduma 2. Machkund

C. Gokak 3. Sharavati

D. Jog 4. Mandvi

Code:
ABCD

(a) 4 2 1 3

(b) 4 2 3 1

(c) 2 4 1 3

(d) 2 3 4 1

Ans. (a) 4 2 1 3 (UPPCS 2017)

EXPLANATION:

 Dudhsagar waterfall:

 Dudhsagar Falls is a four-tiered waterfall located on the Mandovi

River in the Indian state of Goa.
 It is 60 km from Panaji by road and is located on the Guntakal–Vasco
da Gama rail route about 46 km east of Madgaon and 80 km south of
Belagavi.
 The falls are located in the Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem
National Park among the Western Ghats.
 The waterfall forms the border between Karnataka and Goa
states.

 Duduma Waterfall:
  Duduma Waterfall is situated on the border of Koraput (Odisha)
and Visakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh) districts of India.
 Machhakund (Duduma) Hydroelectric Project is located near Duduma
Falls.
 It has two sub-waterfalls, one on the Odisha side and the other on
the Andhra Pradesh side.
 Machkund is a pilgrimage destination. 

 Gokak Waterfall:

 The Gokak Falls is a waterfall located on the Ghataprabha River in

Belagavi district of Karnataka, India.
 The waterfall is six and a half kilometres away from Gokak town.
 The waterfall is horseshoe-shaped at the crest, with a flood breadth
of 177 meters.

 Jog Waterfall:

 Jog Falls, is a waterfall on the Sharavati river located in the

Western Ghats Sagara taluk, Shimoga district.
 It is the second-highest plunge waterfall in India.
 It is a segmented waterfall that depends on rain and
season becomes a plunge waterfall.

58.Identify the correct west to east sequence of the following Hilly Castes?

(a) Khasi-Garo-Naga-Jaintia

(b) Naga Jaintia-Khasi-Garo

(c) Garo-Khasi-Jaintia-Naga

(d) Jaintia-Naga-Garo-Khasi

Ans. (c) Garo-Khasi-Jaintia-Naga (UPPCS 2017)

EXPLANATION:

 Garo - Khasi - Jaintia - Naga is the west to the east sequence of

the following Hilly Castes.
 o Garo, Kasi, Jaintia, Naga, and Mizo hills together form the
Purvanchal range.
o The mentioned hills like Garo, Khasi covers the Shillong
plateau of Meghalaya.
o The Purvanchal range mainly includes the Patkai, Barail,
Manipur, Mizoram, and Naga Hills hills.

 In the easternmost parts of the Indian country, the Purvanchal Range

is the extension of the Himalayas.
 The sedimentary rock consists of most of these mountains.
 The main feature of these ranges is it is covered by dense forests.
o This range runs across Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland,
Manipur, and Mizoram states.
 Jaintia hills are located in the eastern part of Meghalaya. 
 Naga hills are situated on the border of India and Myanmar.

59-Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code
given below the lists:
List-I List-II

A. Tropical forest 1. Sunderbens

B. Coniferous forest 2. Himachal Pradesh

C. Mangroves 3. Rajasthan

D. Deciduous forest 4. Silent valley

Code:
ABCD
(a) 1 2 4 3

(b) 2 1 4 3

(c) 1 4 2 3

(d) 4 2 1 3

Ans. (d) 4 2 1 3 (UPPCS 2017)

EXPLANATION:
 The Sundarbans Mangrove Forest is one of the largest such forests in
the world having a 140,000-hectare area.
 It lies on the delta of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers
on the Bay of Bengal.
 The Sundarbans globally know for many endangered species including
the Royal Bengal Tiger, Ganges and Irawadi dolphins, Estuarine
Crocodiles, and the Critically Endangered Endemic River Terrapin
(Batagur Baska).
 It is the only mangrove habitat in the world for Panthera Tigris
Species.
 Silent Valley Reserve Forest can be classified under four forest types that
are West-coast tropical evergreen forest, Southern subtropical broad-leaved
hill forest, Southern montane wet temperate forest, and Grassland

60. How many agro climatic zones are found in Uttar Pradesh?

(a) 3

(b) 6

(c) 9

(d) 12

Ans. (c) 9 (UPPCS 2017)

EXPLANATION:

 On the basis of rainfall and soil types, Uttar Pradesh has been divided
into 9 agro-climatic zones.

1. Tarai Zone:- The zone comprises Bijnore, Moradabad, Rampur,

Bareilly, Pilibhit, Shahjahanpur, Lakhimpur, Bahraich, Shravasti, and
Some parts of the Saharanpur and Muzaffar Nagar districts. 
2. Western Plain Zone:- The zone consists of Bijnore, Moradabad, Jyoti-
ba-Phule Nagar, Rampur, Bareilly, Badaun, and Pilibhit districts. 
3. Central Western Zone:- The Saharanpur, Muzaffar Nagar, Meerut,
Baghpat, Ghaziabad, Gautam Budh Nagar, and Bulandshahar districts
are under this zone. 
4. South-Western Zone:- This zone comprises Agra, Firozabad, Mainpuri,
Etawah, Aligarh, and Mathura districts. 
 5. Central Plain Zone:- The zone consists of Lucknow, Unnao, Raebareilly,
Sitapur, Hardoi, Kanpur Nagar, Kanpur Dehat, Etawah, Kannauj,
Farrukhabad, Auraiya, Allahabad, Kaushambi, Fatehpur, and
Shahjahanpur districts of the state. 
6. Bundelkhand Zone:- The Jhansi, Lalitpur, Jalaun, Hamirpur, Mahoba,
Chitrakoot, and Banda districts fall under this zone. 
7. North Eastern Plain Zone:- This zone comprises Gonda, Baharaich,
Balrampur, Shravasti, Gorakhpur, Maharajganj, Kushinagar, Siddarth
Nagar, Basti, Sant Kabir Nagar, and Deoria districts. 
8. Easter Plain Zone:- The Barabanki, Faizabad, Ambedkarnagar,
Sultanpur, Pratapgarh, Jaunpur, Azamgarh, Mau, Ballia, Sant Ravidas
Nagar, Ghazipur, Banaras, and Chandauli districts are under this
zone. 
9. Vindhyachal Zone:- The zone consists of Mirzapur, Sonbhadra, and
Allahabad districts. 

61-Which of the following pairs are correctly matched?

1. Idukki: Thermal Power Station

2. Sabarigiri: Hydroelectric project

3. Ghatprabha: Irrigation project

4. Ramganga: Multipurpose project

(a) 2, 3 and 4

(b) 1, 2, 3 and 4

(c) 3 and 4

(d) 1 and 2

Ans. (a) 2, 3 and 4 (UPPCS 2017)

EXPLANATION:

 The Idukki Dam is a double curvature arch dam constructed

across the Periyar River in a narrow gorge between two granite hills
locally known as Kuravan and Kurathi in Kerala, India. 
 o It is one of the highest arch dams in Asia.
o It is constructed and owned by the Kerala State Electricity
Board.
o It supports a 780 MW hydroelectric power station in
Moolamattom, which started generating power on 4 October
1975.
o The dam type is concrete, double curvature parabolic, thin arc
dam.

 Sabarigiri: Hydroelectric project

o Sabarigiri Hydro Electric Project (IHEP) is the second-largest
hydroelectric project in Kerala.
o The project was commissioned in 1966 with an installed
capacity of 300 MW.
o The RMU of the Project was undertaken during the period from
2005 to 2009, increasing the installed capacity to 340 MW.
o The dams at Sabarigiri have dried up as the Southwest Monsoon
is delayed for more than a month.
 Only seven per cent of the water remains in Sabarigiri.
 So the electricity generation is moving towards crisis. 
 Ghatprabha: An irrigation project
o It is a tributary of Krishna that flows in Karnataka.
o Ghataprabha has a hydroelectric and irrigational dam at
Hidkal.
o The dam was completed in 1977.
o To make it a multipurpose project a reservoir was also
constructed on the dam.
o Tributaries of Ghataprabha: Hiranyakeshi and Markandeya
rivers.
 Ramganga: Multipurpose project
o The Ramganga Dam, also known as the Kalagarh Dam.
o It is an embankment dam on the Ramganga River 3 km
upstream of Kalagarh in Pauri Garhwal district, Uttarakhand,
India.
o It is located within the Jim Corbett National Park.
o The dam is part of the Ramganga Multipurpose Project —
 irrigation and hydroelectric project.

62. Which of the following rock systems provides over 90% of the coal of
India?

(a) Vindhyan system

(b) Dharwar system

(c) Tertiary system

(d) Gondwana system

Ans. (d) Gondwana System (UPPCS 2017)

EXPLANATION:

 Gondwana rock systems provide over 90% of the coal of India.

o Gondwana land is named after the Upper Paleozoic and
Mesozoic formations of the Gondwana.
o The continents of Africa, South America, Australia, and
India were once part of a, which is called "Gondwanaland". 
o Gondwana was a supercontinent that existed from the
Neoproterozoic and began to break up during the Jurassic,
with the opening of the Drake Passage, separating South
America and Antarctica occurring during the Eocene.

 Dharwar system :
o Dharwar Rock System is special because it is the first
metamorphic sedimentary rocks in India.
o They have named the Dharwar system because they were first
studied in Dharwar region of Karnataka.
o But they are also found in Aravallis, Tamil Nadu,
Chotanagpur plateau, Meghalaya, Delhi, and the
Himalayas region.
 Tertiary system :
o Tertiary systems carry the same treatment process as a
secondary system with an additional filtration or
"polishing" process often in the form of UV treatment.
o This process will further remove the remaining organic matter
and bacteria.
o Tertiary systems are required in very sensitive receiving
environments.
 Vindhyan system :
o This system derives its name from the great Vindhyan
mountains.
o The system comprises ancient sedimentary rocks superimposed
on the Archaean base. 
o The large area of this belt is covered by the Deccan trap.
63-Which of the following Iron and Steel plants is not close to raw material
area?

(a) Jamshedpur

(b) Rourkela

(c) Durgapur

(d) Salem

Ans. (d) Salem (UPPCS 2017)

EXPLANATION:

Salem Steel Plant, a unit of Steel Authority of India Limited, is a steel plant
involved in the production of stainless steel. It is located along the Salem —
Bangalore National Highway 44 in the foothills of Kanjamalai in Salem
district, Tamil Nadu, India.

 Rourkela steel plant is in Odisha.It was established with the help

of Germany.
 Durgapur steel plant is in West Bengal.It was established with the help
of Britain.
 Jamshedpur steel plant does not function under the Steel Authority
of India Limited
 Jamshedpur steel plant function under the tata iron and steel
company limited.

64. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct, answer using the code
given below

List-I (Aluminium company) List-II (Location)

A. Balco 1. Hirakud

B. Hindalco 2. Korba

C. Indian Aluminium Company 3. Koraput

D. NALCO 4. Renukut
Code:
ABCD

(a) 3 1 4 2

(b) 2 4 1 3

(c) 3 4 1 2

(d)2 1 4 3

Ans. (b) 2 4 1 3 (UPPCS 2017)

EXPLANATION:

 Bharat Aluminium Company :

 BALCO was incorporated in the year 1965 as a Public Sector

Undertaking.
 It was the Public sector until 2001 when it was taken over by
Vedanta Resources, a company listed on the London Stock
Exchange.
 Balco has two working units -
o an integrated Aluminium complex situated at Korba in
Chhattisgarh. 
o the second in West Bengal at Bidhanbag. 

 National Aluminium Company :

 NALCO is a Navratna group ‘A’ CPSE having integrated and

diversified operations in mining, metal, and power under the
Ministry of Mines, Government of India. Presently, the
Government of India holds a 51.5% equity in NALCO.
 It was a public sector enterprise that started in the year 1981 and has
units in Odisha, Angula, and Damanjodi.

 Hindalco :

 Hindalco Industries Limited an Indian aluminium and copper

manufacturing company is a subsidiary of the Aditya Birla
Group.
  It is the Flagship company in the metals business. 
 Its headquarters are in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

65-India's deepest port is:

(a) Kandla

(b) Cochin

(c) Paradip

(d) Mormugao

Ans. (c) Among the above given options, Paradip Port is the deepest (14.3

m) port of India. This port is located in Jagatsinghpur district of Odisha.

 All ports in India are situated in the following 9 coastal states of India -

  Kerala, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Goa, Gujarat, West Bengal,

Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu.

 The majority of ports in India are located in the below-given states:

 Maharashtra -53
 Gujarat -40
 Tamil Nadu -15
 Karnataka -10

 Mumbai Port is one of India’s tax-free ports.

 It is situated on the west coast of India and it is the biggest port of

India.

 Tuticorin is Tamil Nadu's second-largest natural harbor.

 It is the main port of call for ships from Southeast Asia,

Australia, and New Zealand.

 Chennai is one of the most ancient ports which is situated on

the easter coast of India.
 India’s 95% of trading by volume is done through maritime
transport.
 It stands at 70% by value. 
 The majority of ports in India are located in Maharashtra(53),
Gujarat(40), Tamil Nadu(15), and Karnataka (10).
 All ports in India are situated in the 9 coastal states of
India namely Kerala, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Goa, Gujarat, West
Bengal, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu.
 India’s extended coastline forms one of the major portions of land
that juts out into a water body.
 Thirteen major ports in the country handle a lot of volume of
container and cargo traffic.
 On the west coast, there are the ports of Mumbai, Kandla,
Mangalore, JNPT, Mormugao, and Cochin.
 The ports on the east coast include Chennai, Tuticorin,
Visakhapatnam, Paradip, Kolkata, and Ennore.

66-Which one amongst the following is the largest of plateau?

(a) Coconino

(b) Aquarius

(c) Colorado

(d) Columbia

Ans. (c) Colorado (UPPCS 2017)

EXPLANATION:

 Colorado is the largest plateau.

 Denver is the capital and most populous city in Colorado.
 Colorado has a diverse landscape of arid desert, river canyons, and
the snow-covered Rocky Mountains, which are partly protected by
Rocky Mountain National Park.
o It is the largest plateau in America.
o It is divided by the Colorado River and the Grand Canyon.
 This plateau is an example of the intermontane plateau.
 Mesas and buttes are found here at many places.
 The plateau is known for the groundwater which is under positive
pressure and causes the emergence of springs called Artesian wells.
 Colorado is one of the Mountain States and is a part of the western
and southwestern United States.
  Plateau :
o A plateau is a flat-topped tableland.
o Plateaus occur in every continent and take up a third of the
Earths land.
o They are one of the four major landforms, along with
mountains, plains, and hills.
o Plateaus, like mountains, may be young or old.
o The Deccan plateau in India is one of the oldest plateaus.
o Valleys form when river water cuts through the plateau.
 Aquarius :
o The Aquarius Plateau is a physiographic region in the High
Plateaus Section of the Colorado Plateau Province.
o It is located within Garfield and Wayne counties in south-
central Utah. 
 Columbia :
o River Columbia and its tributary Snake meet in this plateau.
o It is bordered by the Cascade Range and the Rocky Mountains
and divided by the Columbia River.
o This plateau has been formed as the result of volcanic eruptions
with a consequent coating of basalt lava.
o The Columbia Plateau, between the Cascade and Rocky
mountains in the northwestern United States, is cut
through by the Columbia River.

67-. Amount of rain depends on:

(a) Air pressure

(b) Humidity in atmosphere

(c) Water cycle

(d) Temperature

Ans. (b) Humidity in atmosphere (UPPCS 2017)

EXPLANATION:

 The amount of rainfall is affected by many factors.

 The main factor is humidity in the atmosphere.
  Other factors that are responsible for heavy rainfall are pressure,
wind speed, and direction, radiation, and temperature.

 The volume of rainfalls depends on the amount of water vapor in the

atmosphere.
 At higher temperatures, the atmosphere may contain more water
vapor which increases the chance of heavy showers.

68. Which amongst the following is the largest glacier?

(a) Sasaini

(b) Gangotri

(c) Zemu

(d) Siachen

Ans. (d) Siachen (UPPCS 2017)

EXPLANATION:

 Siachin is the largest glacier.

o Siachen Glacier, one of the world's longest mountain
glaciers, lying in the Karakoram Range system of Kashmir
near the India–Pakistan border, extending for 70 km from
north-northwest to south-southeast.
o Siachen glacier, located in the eastern Karakoram Range in
the Himalayas.
o It is one of the five largest glaciers in the Karakoram, situated
at an average altitude of 18,000 ft above sea level.
o At 78 km long, it is the longest glacier in the Karakoram and
second longest in the world's non-polar areas.
 Zemu Glacier is the largest glacier in the Eastern Himalaya. It is about
26 kilometres in length and is located at the base of Kangchenjunga in
the Himalayan region of Sikkim, India. The Zemu Glacier drains the
east side of Kanchenjunga, the world's third highest mountain.
 Gangotri Glacier is located in Uttarkashi District, Uttarakhand, India in
a region bordering Tibet. This glacier, one of the primary sources of
the Ganges, is one of the largest in the Himalayas with an estimated
 volume of over 27 cubic kilometers. The glacier is about 30 kilometres
long and 2 to 4 km wide. 

69. Which of the following is not a cold ocean current?

(a) Canary

(b) Humboldt

(c) Oyashio

(d) Agulhas

Ans. (d) Agulhas (UPPCS 2017)

EXPLANATION:

 Agulhas is not a cold ocean current.

 The Agulhas Current is the western boundary current of the
southwest Indian Ocean.
o It flows south along the east coast of Africa from 27°S to
40°S.
o It is narrow, swift, and strong.
o It is suggested that it is the largest western boundary current in
the world ocean.
 The Agulhas Basin is an oceanic basin located south of South
Africa where the South Atlantic Ocean and the south-western
Indian Ocean meet.
 The Agulhas is noted as a major western boundary current in the
Southern Hemisphere.

 Canaries :
o Canary Current, also called Canaries Current, part of a
clockwise-setting ocean-current system in the North
Atlantic Ocean.
o On average, the current is about 500 m deep (Wooster et al.
1976) and flows at a speed of 10-15 cm.
o The Canary Island Archipelago reaches depths of more than
3000 m and thus forms an obstacle to the flow of the
Canary Current.
 Humboldt :
 o Peru Current, also called Humboldt Current, cold-water
current of the southeast Pacific Ocean, with a width of about
900 km (550 mi).
o The Humboldt Current is a highly productive ecosystem.
o It is the most productive eastern boundary current system.
o The system's high productivity supports other important fishery
resources as well as marine mammals (eared seals and
cetaceans) and seabirds.
 Oyashio :
o Oyashio is also known as Oya Siwo, is a cold subarctic ocean
current that flows south and circulates counterclockwise
in the western North Pacific Ocean.
o Oyashio Current The western boundary current in the
subpolar gyre of the North Pacific. 
o It originates in the Bering Sea and flows south-west off the Kuril
Islands to meet the Kuroshio Current east of northern Japan.

70. Red sea is an example of:

(a) Volcanic valley

(b) Eroded valley

(c) Axial trough

(d) U-shaped valley

Ans. (c) Axial trough (UPPCS 2017)

EXPLANATION:

 The red sea is an example of an Axial trough.

 Axial Trough -
o An axial summit trough is a narrow trough or volcanically
modified graben that develops at the crest of a midocean
ridge and typically is the locus of volcanic and
hydrothermal activity. 
o the axial trough of the Red Sea seems to be intermediate
between the rift valley and ocean.
 The Red Sea -
 o The Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden were formed as the Arabian
plate separated from Nubia, as Nubia obliquely collided
with the Eurasian plate.
 NE-directed extension between 35-27Ma leads to
continental rifting along the line of the Red Sea and the
Gulf of Aden.
o The origins of the Red Sea's name is that it
contains cyanobacteria called Trichodesmium erythraeum,
which turns the normally blue-green water a reddish-brown.

 U- Shaped valley :
o U-shaped valleys, trough valleys, or glacial troughs, are formed
by the process of glaciation.
o They are characteristic of mountain glaciation in particular.
o They have a characteristic U shape in cross-section, with
steep, straight sides and a flat or rounded bottom.
o  U-shaped valleys have steep sides and a wide, flat floor.
o They are formed in river valleys which, during the ice age, have
been filled by a large glacier.
o These glaciers have deepened, straightened, and widened the
valley by plucking and abrasion.

71. Which of the following is considered to be the optimum concentration of

carbon-dioxide for natural balance in atmosphere?

(a) 0.02 percent

(b) 0.03 percent

(c) 0.04 percent

(d) 0.05 percent

Ans (c) 0.04 percent (UPPCS 2017)

EXPLANATION:

 0.04 percent is considered to be the optimum concentration

of carbon-dioxide for natural balance in the atmosphere. 
  The safe level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is 350 parts
per million.
 Carbon dioxide is blamed for climate warming has only a volume
share of 0.04 percent in the atmosphere.
 And of this 0.04% CO2, 95% come from natural sources, such as
volcanoes or decomposition processes in nature.
 The human CO2 content in the air is only 0.0016%.

72. Which of the following cities is known as the oil capital of Europe?

(a) Belfast

(b) Aberdeen 

(c) Leeds

(d) Liverpoch

Ans (b) Aberdeen  (UPPCS 2017)

EXPLANATION:

 Aberdeen City is known as the oil capital of Europe.

o Aberdeen is one of the oldest cities in the UK, a huge urban
centre in Scotland, and a key piece of the UK’s national
infrastructure.
 But a lot of people don’t realize how truly interesting and
unique “The Silver City”.
o Aberdeen the place to be in UK energy for many years, and it
was once called “The Energy Capital of Europe”
o The petroleum industry in Aberdeen began with the discovery of
significant oil deposits in the North Sea during the mid-20th
century.

 Belfast :
o Belfast is Northern Ireland’s capital.
o It was the birthplace of the RMS Titanic, which famously struck
an iceberg and sunk in 1912.
o This legacy is recalled in the renovated dockyards' Titanic
Quarter.
 o which includes the Titanic Belfast, an aluminium-clad museum
reminiscent of a ship’s hull, as well as shipbuilder Harland &
Wolff’s Drawing Offices and the Titanic Slipways, which now host
open-air concerts.
 Leeds :
o Leeds is a city in the northern English county of Yorkshire.
o On the south bank of the River Aire, the Royal Armouries houses
the national collection of arms and artillery.
o Across the river, the redeveloped industrial area around Call
Lane is famed for bars and live music venues under converted
railway arches.
o Leeds Kirkgate Market features hundreds of indoor and
outdoor stalls.
 Liverpool :
o Liverpool, city and seaport, northwestern England, forming the
nucleus of the metropolitan county of Merseyside in the historic
county of Lancashire.
o The city proper, which is a metropolitan borough of Merseyside,
forms an irregular crescent along the north shore of the Mersey
estuary a few miles from the Irish Sea.

73. Large coffee plantations in Brazil are called:

(a) Estate

(b) Estancias

(c) Kolkhezzes

(d) Fazendas

Ans. (d) Fazendas (UPPCS 2017)

EXPLANATION:

 Large coffee plantations in Brazil are called Fazendas.

 A Fazenda is a plantation found throughout Brazil; during the
colonial period.
 They were concentrated primarily in the northeastern region,
where (sugar) was produced.
 o During the 19th century in the southeastern region to coffee
production. 
 Coffee provided a new basis for agricultural expansion in southern
Brazil. 

 A coffee estate is a coffee plantation.

 Estate coffees typically sell at a premium due to better consistency
and higher quality control compared to coffees collected from
many small farms.
 The six Brazilian states with the largest acreage for coffee are-
o Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Sao Paulo, Bahia,
Rondonia, and Parana.
 Fazenda, a large plantation in Brazil, comparable to the slave-based
plantations of the Caribbean and the United States.
 Bourbon Santos is arguably the best coffee Brazil has to offer.
 Bourbon Santos coffee is known for its smooth and mild flavours
and is often described as nutty and sweet.
 Most of these beans are grown in Sao Paulo or Minas Gerais.

74. Which of the following groups of countries share border with Israel?

(a) Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Egypt

(b) Egypt, Turkey, Jordan, Cyprus

(c) Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, Jordan

(d) Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Yemen

Ans. (a) Lebanon, Syria, Jordan and Egypt (UPPCS 2017)

EXPLANATION:

Israel has borders with four neighbouring countries.

 Jerusalem is the capital of Israel.

 According to the Green Line of the 1949 Armistice Agreements -
o Israel borders Lebanon in the north
o the Golan Heights and Syria in the northeast
o the West Bank and Jordan in the east
o the Gaza Strip and Egypt in the southwest
 The Mediterranean sea is the western border of Israel
75. Which of the following canals is used as an inland waterway in Southern
Germany?

(a) Volga-Don Canal

(b) Sault-Sainte Marie Canal

(c) Lodwigs Canal

(d) White sea Canal

Ans (c) Lodwigs Canal (UPPCS 2017)

EXPLANATION:

 The Ludwig canals are used as an inland waterway in Southern

Germany.
o The canal linked the Danube River at Kelheim with the Main
River at Bamberg, connecting the Danube basin with the Rhine
basin.
o The first realisation of a dream to enable barges to navigate
from the North Sea to the Black sea.
o The Ludwig Canal proved to be unsustainable and was
eventually succeeded by a larger canal, over a century
later.
 Today, there still exists between Nuremberg and Berching some 60
km of the canal in good condition.
 Some of the locks still function, and part of the towpath has been
converted to a cycle track.
 The old canal comes close to the new canal at Pollanten, and from
there the two canals flow downstream in parallel, eventually meeting
5km south of Berching.

 White sea Canal :

o The White Sea is a southern inlet of the Barents Sea.
o It is on the northwest coast of Russia.
o It is surrounded by Karelia to the west, the Kola Peninsula
to the north, and the Kanin Peninsula to the northeast.
o All of the White Sea is under Russian control and considered
to be part of the internal waters of Russia.
 Volga-Don Canal :
 o Lenin Volga–Don Shipping Canal is a broad ship canal that
connects the Volga and the Don at their closest points.
o The canal forms a part of the Unified Deep Water System of
European Russia.
 Sault-Sainte Marie Canal :
o Sault Sainte Marie Canal National Historic Site, with the
international bridge in the background, Canada.
o The canal was designated a National Historic Site in 1987
and is managed by Parks Canada as a unit of the national
park system.
o It welcomes recreational boating and land-based visitors. 
o Another unique feature of the site is the Sault Canal
Emergency Swing Dam, the only emergency swing dam
left in existence, and the only one to ever be used in an
emergency.

76. Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched?

Country Capital

(a)Guinea Bissau Bissau

(b)Taiwan Taipei

(c)Nicaragua Managua

(d) Maldives Malabo

Ans. (d) Maldives (UPPCS 2017)

EXPLANATION:

 Taiwan :

 Taiwan officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East

Asia.
 Neighboring countries include the People's Republic of China (PRC)
to the northwest, Japan to the northeast, and the Philippines to the
south. 
 Both the ROC and the PRC still officially claim mainland China and
the Taiwan Area as part of their respective territories.
 In reality, the PRC rules only Mainland China and has no control of but
claims Taiwan as part of its territory under its "One China Principle".
  Currency: New Taiwan dollar

 Maldives :

 The Maldives, in the full Republic of Maldives, also called the

Maldive Islands, an independent island country in the north-
central Indian Ocean.
 It consists of a chain of about 1,200 small coral islands and
sandbanks grouped in clusters, or atolls.
 Currency: Maldivian Rufiyaa 

 Guinea-Bissau :

 Guinea-Bissau is a major transit point for Latin American cocaine

headed for Europe.
 Guinea-Bissau is a tropical country on West Africa’s Atlantic coast
that’s known for its national parks and wildlife.
 Currency: West African CFA franc. 

 Nicaragua :

 Nicaragua is the largest country in Central America and is slightly

bigger in area than New York State.
 The country is bordered by Honduras to the north and Costa Rica to
the south.
 The Pacific Ocean provides the border to the west, and the eastern
border of the country is on the Caribbean Sea.
 Currency - Cordoba

77. Match List-1 with List-II and select the correct answer using the code
gives below.

List-I (City) List-II (River)

A. Khartoum 1.Zaire

B. Brazzaville 2. Nile

C. Rotterfam 3. Seine

D. Paris 4. Rhine

Codes:
 ABCD

(a) 2 1 4 3

(b) 1 2 3 4

(c) 4 3 2 1

(d) 3 4 1 2

Ans.(a) 2 1 4 3 (UPPCS 2017)

EXPLANATION:

 Nile :

 The Nile is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa.

 The longest river in Africa, it has historically been considered the
longest river in the world.
 The Nile River flows from south to north through eastern Africa.
 It begins in the rivers that flow into Lake Victoria and empties into
the Mediterranean Sea more than 6,600 kilometers to the north,
making it one of the longest rivers in the world.

 Zaire :

 The Congo River, formerly also known as the Zaire River, is

the second-longest river in Africa, shorter only than the Nile, as
well as the second-largest river in the world by discharge volume,
following only the Amazon.
 It is also the world's deepest recorded river, with measured depths in
excess of 220 m.

 Rhine :

 The Rhine is one of the major European rivers, which has its

sources in Switzerland and flows in a mostly northerly direction
through Germany and the Netherlands, emptying into the North Sea.
 The Rhine is one of the longest and most important rivers in
Europe. 

 Seine :
  The Seine is a 775-kilometre-long river in northern France.
 Its drainage basin is in the Paris Basin covering most of northern
France.
 It rises at Source-Seine, 30 kilometers northwest of Dijon in
northeastern France in the Langres plateau, flowing through Paris
and into the English Channel at Le Havre.

78-Which one of the following states has the lowest percentage of Scheduled
Tribes population as percentage of its total population according to Census
2011?

(a) Uttar Pradesh

(b) Bihar

(c) Tamil Nadu

(d) Kerala

Ans. (a) Uttar Pradesh (UPPCS 2017)

EXPLANATION:

 Madhya Pradesh, Maharastra, Orissa, Gujrat, Rajsthan, Jharkhand,

Chhatisgarh, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, and Karnataka are the states
having a larger number of Scheduled Tribes. These states account for 83.2%
of the total Scheduled Tribe population of the country.
 Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Jammu & Kashmir, Tripura, Mizoram,
Bihar, Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu, accounting for another
15.3% of the total Scheduled Tribe population.
 The share of the remaining states / Uts is negligible.
 Uttar Pradesh has 0.6% of the total scheduled tribe population in
India.

79. As per 2011 Census which one of the following states has recorded
decrease in population?

(a) Nagaland

(b) Manipur
(c) Tripura

(d) Sikkim
Ans. (a) Nagaland (UPPCS 2017)

EXPLANATION:

 As per the 2011 Census, Nagaland state has recorded a

decrease in population.
o Nagaland is the only Indian state which has a negative
growth rate of -0.58% in census 2011.
o The growth rate of the Indian population was 17.69%
between 2001 to 2011.
o Dadra and Nagar Haveli is growing at a rate of
55.88% annually.
 The second-fastest growth is recorded in Daman & Diu at
53.76% in census 2011.
o India has 641,000 inhabited villages and 72.2 per cent of
the total population reside in these rural areas.

80. Given below are two statements:

Assertion (A): According to the World Health Organization (WHO) in

1993, there were 16.5 million deaths due to infectious diseases worldwide.

Reason (R): Urbanization without health planning leads to the spread of such
diseases.

Choose the correct answer from the codes given below:

Code:

(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

(b) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

(c) (A) is true but (R) is false.

(d) (A) is false but (R) is true.

Ans. (b) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of
(A). (UPPCS 2017)

EXPLANATION:

 According to the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1993, there

were 16.5 million deaths due to infectious diseases worldwide.
o Urbanisation without health planning leads to the spread
of diseases.

 The global population was 2.8 billion in 1955 and is 5.8 billion

now.
o It will increase by nearly 80 million people a year to reach about
8 billion by the year 2025.
 In 1955, 68% of the global population lived in rural areas and 32% in
urban areas.
o In 1995 the ratio was 55% rural and 45% urban; by 2025
it will be 41% rural and 59% urban.
 Every day in 1997, about 365 000 babies were born, and about 140
000 people died, giving a natural increase of about 220 000 people a
day.
 Today's population is made up of 613 million children under 5; 1.7
billion children and adolescents aged 5-19; 3.1 billion adults aged 20-
64; and 390 million over 65.
 The proportion of older people requiring support from adults of
working age will increase from 10.5% in 1955 and 12.3% in 1995 to
17.2% in 2025.
 In 1955, there were 12 people aged over 65 for every 100 aged under
20.
o By 1995, the old/young ratio was 16/100; by 2025 it will
be 31/100.
 The proportion of young people under 20 years will fall from 40% now
to 32% of the total population by 2025, despite reaching 2.6 billion -
an actual increase of 252 million.
 The number of people aged over 65 will rise from 390 million now to
800 million by 2025 - reaching 10% of the total population.
 By 2025, increases of up to 300% of the older population are expected
in many developing countries, especially in Latin America and Asia.
 Globally, the population of children under 5 will grow by just 0.25%
annually between 1995-2025, while the population over 65 years will
grow by 2.6%.
  The average number of babies per woman of child-bearing age was
5.0 in 1955, falling to 2.9 in 1995 and reaching 2.3 in 2025.
o While only 3 countries were below the population
replacement level of 2.1 babies in 1955, there will be 102
such countries by 2025.

81. Which one of the following states is ranked economically at the top but
lowest on the basis of sex ratio?

(a) Madhya Pradesh

(b) Maharashtra

(c) West Bengal

(d) Haryana

Ans. (d) Haryana (UPPCS 2017)

EXPLANATION:

 Haryana is ranked last (among states) on the basis of sex ratio.

 Its sex ratio is 879 women per 1000 males according to Census 2011.
 Kerala recorded the highest sex ratio i.e. 1084 women per 1000 males.
 The sex ratio of other states

 Madhya Pradesh - 931

 Maharashtra - 929
 West Bengal - 950