CPE303 week 1

MICROPROCESSORS
DR. OĞUZHAN MENEMENCIOĞLU
OUTLINE

 Introduction to Course
 The Syllabus
 About course
 Textbook  Introduction to Microprocessors
 General guidelines and policies  Number systems & operations
 Tentative grading  A basic overview of computer architecture
 Let’s Just remember!
 Content

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OUTLINE

 Number Systems
 Digits
 Positional Notation
 Conversion from Decimal
 Conversion to Decimal
 Whole Number Conversion from Decimal
 Converting from a Decimal Fraction
 Binary-Coded Hexadecimal
 Complements

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INTRODUCTION
WEEK 1
THE SYLLABUS

 This is CPE303 \ CME 321 – Microprocessors

 Objective – A basic understanding of computer architecture, specifically microprocessors programing.

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ABOUT COURSE

 Instructor: Dr. Oğuzhan MENEMENCİOĞLU

 e-mail Address: omenemencioglu@karabuk.edu.tr
 Web page: http://oguzhan.menemencioglu.com/2021F_CPE303
 Presentation may be shared in this web page. The sharing notes is not core business of the lecturer. So, you
should take a note for yourself.
 Telegram announcement channel : https://bit.ly/3nxgzTO (In English)
 : https://bit.ly/2GBxhks (Türkçe)
 After this course, immediately join the channel!

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TEXTBOOK

 The Intel Microprocessors, by

Brey, Prentice Hall, 5th Edition.
 The 80x86 IBM
PC and Compatible Computer,
by M. A. Mazidi &. J. G. Mazidi,
Prentice Hall, 4th Edition.
 Computer System Architecture,
by M. Morris Mano, 3th Edition.

USEFUL BOOKS
 Microprocessor Architecture, Programming, and Applications with the 8085 by Ramesh S. Gaonkar, Prentice Hall, 5th
Edition. 7/90

 X86 Tabanlı Mikroişlemci Mimarisi ve Assembly Dili, by Nurettin Topaloğlu, Seçkin Yayıncılık, 3. basım (In Turkish)
GENERAL GUIDELINES AND POLICIES

▪ Generally a quiz each week. Quiz will not necessarily be announced each week. NO MAKEUP QUIZZES
▪ Homework due prior midnight of the next classes after assigned. Homework will be delivered by submitting to
Turnitin. Turnitin will close on due date. NO LATE HOMEWORKS will be accepted by system. No submissions
after due date via email will be graded.
▪ Midterm and Final exam will be announced by deanery.

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TENTATIVE GRADING

 Grading
 Midterm: 40%
 Exam: 85%
 Lab-Assignments-Quiz 15% (Max.)

 Final: 60%
 Exam: 85%
 Lab-Assignments-Quiz 15% (Max.)

 Attendance is required in all course hours and labs for new students.

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LET’S JUST REMEMBER!
TRANSFORMATION HIGH LEVEL COMPUTER LANGUAGES TO MACHINE LANGUAGE
COMPUTER LANGUAGES

 Machine Language – A collection of binary numbers

 Not standardized. There is a different machine language for every processor family.
 Assembly Language - mnemonic codes that corresponds to machine language
instructions.
 Low level: Very close to the actual machine language.
 High-level Languages - Combine algebraic expressions and symbols from English
 High Level : Very far away from the actual machine language
 For example: Fortran, Cobol, C, Prolog, Pascal, C#, Perl, Java.

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EXAMPLE
Memory addresses Machine Language Assembly
Instructions Language
Instructions
00000000 00000000 CLA
00000001 00010101 ADD A
00000010 00010110 ADD B
00000011 00110101 STA A
00000100 01110111 HLT
00000101 ? A?
00000110 ? B? 12/90
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EXAMPLE OF COMPUTER LANGUAGES
char name[40];
C Source Code: printf("Please enter your name\n");
scanf("%s", name);
printf("Hello %s", name);

push offset string "Please enter your name\n"

(41364Ch)
call dword ptr [__imp__printf (415194h)]
add esp,4
lea eax,[name]
push eax
push offset string "%s" (413648h)
Assembly Code: call dword ptr [__imp__scanf (41519Ch)]
add esp,8
lea eax,[name]
push eax
push offset string "Hello %s" (41363Ch)
call dword ptr [__imp__printf (415194h)]
add esp,8

68 4C 36 41 00 FF 15 94 51 41 00 83 C4 04 8D 45 D8
Machine Code: 50 68 48 36 41 00 FF 15 9C 51 41 00 83 C4 08 8D 45
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D8 50 68 3C 36 41 00 FF 15 94 51 41 00 83 C4 08
CONTENT
SYNOPSIS

 The microprocessor is a general-purpose programmable logic device.

 Understanding the microprocessor concepts is crucial in understanding the operation of digital computer.
 This course is an introduction to the basic concept of microprocessor architecture and operation, programming
model, pins configuration and microprocessor interfacing.
 The content of the course is divided into three sections:
 microprocessor architecture,
 programming and
 interfacing input/output.
 The course is designed around the Intel 16-bit microprocessor (8086) and its assembly language.

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OUTCOMES

At the end of the course, student should be:

 Able to understand the basic operation of microprocessor.
 Able to understand the basic concept of microprocessor architecture and its pins configuration.
 Able to understand the machine language programs.
 Able to design and write programs in assembly language.
 Able to understand the basic concept of microprocessor input/output interfacing

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COURSE OVERVIEW

 Introduction to Microcomputers and Microprocessors

 The 8086 Processor Architecture, Internals, Registers,
Flags, Segments
 BIOS and DOS interrupts
 8086 Address Space, Memory, Registers, and data transfers
 Memory and Memory Interfacing for 80x86
 Address Modes
 Input / Output Interface Circuits and
 Basic Instruction Set
Peripheral Devices
 Basic Arithmetic Instructions
 Logical, Shift and Rotate, Data Testing
 The remaining instructions

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LET’S WARM UP!
INITIAL QUESTIONS

 What does the “micro” mean?

 What does the “computer” mean?
 What does the “microprocessor” mean?

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