India After Independence

CLASS 8th HISTORY - CHAPTER - INDIA AFTER INDEPENDENCE
NCERT Solution:
Que 1. Name three problems that the newly independent nation of India faced.
Ans. India faced many problems after it got independence.

These problems are -
I. The major problem was that of the refugees. 8 million refugees entered India from Pakistan
and they needed shelter and livelihood.
II. At the time of independence, there were almost 500 Princely States, each of whom had to be
persuaded to join the new nation.
III. India's population was almost 345 million. This vast population was into different castes,
religion, languages, dresses, foods and profession.
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NCERT Solution:
Que 2. What was the role of the Planning Commission?
Ans. In 1950, the Indian Government set-up a Planning Commission to help design and
execute suitable policies for economic development. It had to achieve a balance between
the different regions and states.
The First Five Year Plan was launched in 1951 which mainly focused in development of the
primary sector like irrigation and energy, agriculture and community development,
transport and communications industry, social services, land rehabilitation etc.
The most important feature of this phase was active role of state in all economic sectors.
The Second Five Year Plan followed the Mahalanobis model and tried to develop the
Public Sector.
This plan (1956) focused strongly on the building of large dams, which came under the
control of the State.
NCERT Solution:
Que 3. Fill in the blanks:
a. Subjects that were placed on the Union List were _________, _________ and _________.
b. Subjects on the Concurrent List were _________ and _________.
c. Economic planning by which both the state and the private sector played a role in
development was called a _________ _________ model.
d. The death of _________ sparked off such violent protests that the government was
forced to give in to the demand for the linguistic state of Andhra.
NCERT Solution:
Que 4. State whether true or false
a. At independence, the majority of Indians lived in villages.
b. The Constituent Assembly was made up of members of the Congress party.
c. In the first national election, only men were allowed to vote.
d. The Second Five Year Plan focused on the development of heavy industry.
NCERT Solution:
Que 5. What did Dr Ambedkar mean when he said that “In politics we will have equality,
and in social and economic life we will have inequality”?
Ans. Dr. BR Ambedkar played an important role in drafting the Indian Constitution. He felt
that political democracy had to be accompanied by economic and social democracy.
He felt that giving all the people the right to vote did not make them equal socially or
economically. In politics we have recognised the principle of one man one vote and one
value.
But in our social and economic structure, we continue to deny the principle of one man
one value. Dr. Ambedkar said that the division between the upper caste and the lower
caste has to be wiped out four India to be a true democracy.
NCERT Solution:
Que 6. After Independence, why was there a reluctance to divide the country on linguistic lines?
Ans. Mahatma Gandhi dream of one nation was shattered due to the partition of India, into
India and Pakistan. The Congress leaders were sceptical about a further division of states on the
basis of language.
The partition of India resulted in the death of millions of people who were killed in the riots
between the Hindus and the Muslims.
They feared that this may happen if the country was further divided on linguistic lines.
Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and Deputy Prime Minister Vallabhbhai Patel were against the
creation of linguistic states.
NCERT Solution:
Que 7. Give one reason why English continued to be used in India after Independence.
Ans. Many members of the Constituent Assembly believed that the English language should
be replaced by Hindi. But this idea was opposed by the leaders from non-Hindi areas.
They did not want an imposition of Hindi on the people of these areas. They even
threatened to separate themselves from India if Hindi was imposed on them.
Finally it was decided that while Hindi would be the official language, English would be
used for communication among various states.
NCERT Solution:
Que 8. How was the economic development of India visualised in the early decades
after Independence?
Ans. The major objectives of India after Independence were lifting India and Indians
out of poverty and building a modern technical and industrial base for the country.
In 1950, the government set-up a Planning Commission to help design and execute
suitable policies for economic development.
There was a broad agreement on what was called a `mixed economy' model. Here
both the State and the Private sector would play important and complementary roles
in increasing production and generating jobs.

India After Independence

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CLASS 8th HISTORY - CHAPTER - INDIA AFTER INDEPENDENCE

Ans. India faced many problems after it got independence.

b. Subjects on the Concurrent List were _ and _.

a. At independence, the majority of Indians lived in villages.

b. The Constituent Assembly was made up of members of the Congress party.

c. In the first national election, only men were allowed to vote.

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