Name: ________________________________________ Track/Strand: _______________

Grade Level: ___________________________________ Teacher: ___________________

Module Code: PASAY-ENG-SHS-21ST Century Lit-Q2-W5-04

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION- NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PASAY CITY

MODULE IN 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World
Second Quarter/ Week 5/ Day 04

OBJECTIVE: Reframe the elements of the various 21st century literature from across the globe
EN12Lit-IId-25

YOUR LESSON FOR TODAY:

IN YOUR PREVIOUS MODULES FOR THIS WEEK YOU HAVE TRIED TO
ILLUSTRATE, MODIFY, APPLY CREATIVE IDEAS TO EACH IMPORTANT
ELEMENT OF A STORY. FOR THIS LAST PART OF THIS WEEK’S MODULE
YOU ARE TASKED TO REFRAME THE ELEMENT OF POINT OF VIEW TO
GIVE THE STORY ANOTHER LOOK. ARE YOU READY?
WHAT IS POINT OF VIEW?

Point of view (POV) is what the character or narrator telling the story can see (his or her
perspective). The author chooses “who” is to tell the story by determining the point of view.
Depending on who the narrator is, he/she will be standing at one point and seeing the action.
This viewpoint will give the narrator a partial or whole view of events as they happen. Many
stories have the protagonist telling the story, while in others, the narrator may be another
character or an outside viewer, a narrator who is not in the story at all. The narrator should not
be confused with the author, who is the writer of the story and whose opinions may not be those
written into the narrative.
TRY TO DISCOVER!

In this section, we'll breeze through all major points of view and explain their strengths and
potential pitfalls.
A first person
narrative is an
extension of
the way that
we tell stories
every day.
Often, the
first-person
narrator will
be the
protagonist —
for example,
the titular
character
in Life of Pi.
But they might
also be a
secondary
character, like
Ishmael
in Moby
Dick (to
continue the
nautical
theme).
Examples of first-person writing include:
 I poured my mother a glass of ice-cold milk.
 “Bring me the prisoner,” I told my chief of police.
 That turkey sandwich was mine!
Name: ________________________________________ Track/Strand: _______________
Grade Level: ___________________________________ Teacher: ___________________

To date, this is one of the most widely used POVs in literature. From Robinson Crusoe (seen by
some as the very first 'novel') to Hunger Games (one of the latest books to top the charts), first
person narrative has dominated the history of the story. And it’s easy to see why.

SO, YOU'RE THINKING OF WRITING A STORY FROM THE FIRST PERSON VIEWPOINT. HERE ARE
SOME OF THE REASONS YOU MIGHT WANT TO DO THAT.

1. Build an immersive reading experience

First-person narrative is commonly seen as the most intimate point of view: the character is speaking
directly to the reader, acting as their guide through the story. This, in turn, brings readers right up close to
the action and allows readers to easily understand the character’s motivations. Because readers spend
so much time in the protagonist’s brain, it's not unusual for them to quickly build a rapport with the
narrator in question.

2. Establish a distinctive tone and style

Every character is unique, and there’s no perspective that illustrates this better than the first person.
When readers tap into a character’s mind, it’s not just the character’s emotions and thoughts that the
reader will experience it’s also the character’s style of talking and thinking. What’s the range of their
vocabulary, for instance? What do they ponder the most? Are they accustomed to thinking in long spiels
or short sentences? First person lets you figure all of this out and nail down a voice that’s truly
individualistic.

3. Highlight another  character
In a plot twist, the first-person narrator is sometimes not the main character. Instead, he or she cleverly
serves as the reader’s mirror to the real protagonist of the book. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s Sherlock
Holmes series, wherein John Watson documents Sherlock Holmes’ triumphs, is perhaps the most famous
example of this technique.

The second
person point of
view endows the
reader with the
narrative view
point, asking
them to place
themselves
directly in the
headspace of a
particular
character: either
the protagonist or
a secondary
personality. The
pronouns
associated with
second person
include you, your,
and yours, as in:

You instruct the chief of police to bring the prisoner to your office.

That turkey sandwich was yours!
Out of all the POVs, this one is the least popular — in part because it requires such a large
suspension of disbelief on the part of the reader. 

WHILE TRICKY TO EXECUTE, A SECOND PERSON POV CAN ACCOMPLISH A NUMBER OF

GOALS.
1. Bring the reader closer to the story
Call it an assault of the senses. When readers are addressed as a “you,” they’re thrust into the role of the
active participant and told what they ought to be feeling, thinking, smelling, touching, and seeing. As you
might expect, this creates the ultimate intimacy with the story. Instead of being told the story,
readers experience it first-hand. 
Name: ________________________________________ Track/Strand: _______________
Grade Level: ___________________________________ Teacher: ___________________

2. Reinforce ideas and themes

What better way to drive an idea than to make readers live through it themselves? In this following
example, for instance, Mohsin Hamid uses the second-person point of view to put the reader in  Pakistan
and bring home the realities of poverty.

The third
person point of
view uses
third-person
pronouns such
as “he” and
“she” to relate
the story.
Third Person
Limited
Third person
limited is
where the
narrator can
only reveal the
thoughts,
feelings, and
understanding
of a single
character at
any given time
— hence, the
reader is
“limited” to that
perspective character’s mind. For instance:
Karen couldn't tell if her boss was lying.
Aziz started to panic. How am I going to get out of this mess?

Examples:
“Bring me the prisoner,” she told her chief of police.
He knew that that turkey sandwich was his.
Little did the twins realize, they were both being watched.
Once we zoom into it further, we see that the third person point of view can be split into two
categories:

WHEN USED CORRECTLY, THE THIRD PERSON LIMITED POINT OF VIEW CAN…
1. Gain the reader’s trust
Since the third person limited point of view puts readers close to (but not exactly in) a character’s brain, it
enjoys much of the same trust-building advantages that the first person point of view does. In fact, this
point of view goes one step further: it’s much rarer to find an unreliable narrator in a third person limited
story — simply because that would make the entire narrative come across as authorial deceit. 

2. Zoom in and out of a character’s inner thoughts

Third person limited has the advantage of controlling “camera angles.” For instance: do you want the
narration hover right next to your character’s brain? Or do you want to back away a bit from your
character and let a certain section of the story unfold from a more wide-angle perspective? Unlike the first
person point of view, third person limited isn’t obligated to perpetually remain directly inside the
character’s head. There’s more room to adjust, depending on what the story demands at a given moment.

3. Switch between multiple third-person limited points of view, if necessary

If the prospect of sticking with one character for the length of a whole story makes you uncomfortable,
consider writing third person limited from multiple POVs. This technique, which works best for large casts
of characters, grants the flexibility to branch out character-wise and mix things up every chapter.

A special note on Third Person Limited Objective

Name: ________________________________________ Track/Strand: _______________
Grade Level: ___________________________________ Teacher: ___________________

Though this technique is more rarely seen, limited POV can  allow for a narrator who is entirely objective.
In practice, this unbiased narrator would simply report the events as they occur and allow the readers to
interpret what they mean. Ernest Hemingway is the most famous example of this technique. His short
story, “Hills Like White Elephants,” and his novel, For Whom The Bell Tolls,  are as close to neutral
narrators as you can get.

Third Person
Omniscient
The key
difference with
this POV is that
omniscient
narrators are all-
knowing —
meaning that
they’re able to
reveal anything
that is
happening, has
happened, or will
happen in the
world of the
story. What’s
more, readers
have access to
all of the details
that this God-like
narrator is willing
to share.

For instance:
 He thought that Sarah was fantastic, but she didn't think the same of him.
 As Leslie and Andi kissed under the Eiffel Tower, a burglary was taking place four miles
east, in the 11th Arrondissement.

WHEN DEPLOYED WITH SKILL, THE OMNISCIENT POINT OF VIEW CAN…

1. Conduct multiple character studies
Impressed already by the way first- and third-person limited points of view conduct thorough inquisitions
of one character? Now expand it and you’ve got a sense of the reach of the omniscient narrator. The
power of the omniscient is such that the narrator can slip into the minds of several  characters — at any
given moment. This not only gives the author plenty of room to experiment with the pacing of the story but
also presents a unique opportunity to delve into the psychology of multiple characters.
2. Deepen the worldbuilding
Because readers subconsciously accept that omniscient narrators are all-knowing, this kind of narrator
has an easier time explaining backstory and exposition. Fantasy authors, in particular, use this technique
to their advantage when explaining the history of an invented world to readers
3. Create a distinctive authorial voice
Omniscient narrators are unique in that they often have a personality and voice distinct from that of the
actual cast of characters. As you might expect, authors have stretched this concept in all sorts of creative
directions in the past. 

REMEMBER!

Point of view is important in a story because it helps the reader understand

characters’ feelings and actions. Each character will have his or her own perspective,
so whoever is telling the story will impact the reader’s opinion of other characters and
events. Each point of view could be an entirely different story. Keeping in mind the
different types of POV and when to use them will make your writing stronger.

NOW THAT YOU HAVE IDENTIFIED WHAT A POINT OF VIEW AND WHAT ARE THE
TYPES OF POINT OF VIEW TO HELP YOU UNDERSTAND A STORY. LET US NOW BE
Name: ________________________________________ Track/Strand: _______________
Grade Level: ___________________________________ Teacher: ___________________

MORE CREATIVE! FOR THIS MODULE YOU WILL BE ASKED TO BE A CREATIVE

WRITER ONCE AGAIN. THIS TIME FOCUSING ON REFRAMING THE STORY USING
POINT OF VIEW.

By formal definition, Reframing is a way of viewing and experiencing events, ideas,

concepts, and emotions to find more useful alternatives. It is a practical and valuable
tool to shift perception, including your perception of a story or others' perceptions of the
story.

YOUR TASK: POINT OF VIEW FLIP

"LOB'S GIRL" IS TOLD FROM THE OMNISCIENT THIRD-PERSON PERSPECTIVE. THE

NARRATOR IS AN UNNAMED INDIVIDUAL WHO RELATES THE EVENTS OF THE STORY
FROM MULTIPLE CHARACTERS' VIEWPOINTS.

HOW DO YOU THINK THE STORY WOULD FLOW IF THE

STORY IS TOLD BY YOU AS A PERIPHERAL
CHARACTER (1st person point of view)?

REFRAME THE STORY LOB’S GIRL BY CREATING A

DIARY ENTRY AS IF YOU ARE THE ONE TELLING THE
STORY. CONSIDER THE STRENGTH AND MOVE AWAY
FROM THE POTENTIAL PITFALLS GIVEN IN THE
LECTURE AS YOU REFRAME THE STORY.

NOTE: REFER TO THE COPY OF LOB’S GIRL IN YOUR

PREVIOUS MODULE. FOCUS YOUR REFRAMING
(RETELLING THE STORY IN YOUR OWN STYLE)
ON THE PART WHERE SANDY AND LOB MET THE
ACCIDENT. WRITE YOUR STORY IN A SEPARATE
SHEET OF PAPER

SAMPLE:
DEAR DIARY,
TODAY I SAW AN ACCIDENT -A GIRL WITH A DOG WAS STRUCK BY A TRAUCK--- I …. (CONTINUE
WITH YOUR OWN STYLE OF TELLING THE STORY.)

REFERENCE :
https://blog.reedsy.com/guide/point-of-view/

RUBRICS
50- 31 30-16 15-01
Content indicates synthesis Content indicates thinking Shows some thinking and
of ideas, in depth analysis and reasoning applied with reasoning but most ideas are
and evidences original original thought on a few underdeveloped
thought and support for the ideas.
topic.
So, there you have it! Hopefully, this activity can help in your next modules when you
make your literary adaptation stories

INTEGRATED the Development of the Following 21st Century Learning Skills

Communication Critical Thinking Character
*Following *analyzing ideas *Working
instructions/directions to include in independentl
; writing own y
*Responding to ideas literary text

Writer: MA. GINA P. BITUARAN- PCWHS