6/ Replacing the dangerous by the non-dangerous or the less dangerous;

Replacing what is dangerous with what is less dangerous means avoiding the
use of dangerous processes or products when the same result can be obtained
with a method presenting lesser dangers. It’s the substitution principle and it’s
about prioritizing the elimination of the danger compared to its reduction.
For example, the use of a water-based paint rather than a solvent-based product.
Solvent-based paints can be more irritating on the skin but the biggest concern
is with inhaling the fumes into the lungs. Breathing solvent paint fumes for too
long can cause headaches, dizziness, and nausea. (so rather than wearing masks
to prevent inhaling the fumes which is only reducing the risk, we eliminate it
completely by not using the hazardous solvents)
Another example is replacing flammable products if they have a substitute so
you don’t have to take all the prevention measures around a flammable product
like verifying there’s no ignition sources like sparks from electrical tools and
equipment, smoking, …

7/ Developing a coherent overall prevention policy

which covers technology, organisation of work, working conditions, social
relationships and the influence of factors related to the working environment;
The Special Safety and Health Protection Plan is a document that is not
mandatory in Senegalese regulations, however, its establishment can allow a
better management of the security in a building site. It contains:
 The name and address of the company, duration and foreseeable number
of employees of the site and working hours;
 The names and contact details of the persons in charge of managing the
site (construction manager, site supervisor, project owner, project
manager,…);
 The description of the work;
 The organization of first aid and medical surveillance;
 The organization of the reception and the training of the site personnel;
 The risks analysis and prevention measures.
After the Special Safety and Health Plan, the general health and safety
coordination plan is a written document that defines all the measures to prevent
risks arising from the interference of the activities of the various participants on
the site, or from the succession of their activities when an intervention leaves
risks for the other companies after its completion.

Conclusion
Construction work is an inherently risky industry. Every project, no matter how
small or large, comes with its own set of hazards, and while health and safety
measures have been greatly improved in recent years, the industry still accounts
for a high percentage of fatal and major workplace injuries.
Principles of prevention and control underpin management of risks to health and
safety at the workplace. The application of those well-established principles and
the inculcation of good practices into site workers and employers can help
ensure that correct procedures are being followed at all times, therefore creating
a safe and healthy workplace.

Principles of prevention and control underpin management of risks to health and

safety at the workplace. These are well established principles and widely
applicable. The focus of action and consideration should be given to prevention
of risk in the first place, particularly in terms of elimination at the source or
substitution e.g., of a less hazardous substance, rather than immediately
considering risk management/control measures. Psychosocial issues and general
health issues should also be considered along with the safety risks and risks to
health caused by physical, chemical, and biological agents.
Traditionally, the focus of occupational safety and health has been on physical
and chemical hazards in the workplace. Many of these are the subject of
individual EU OSH Directives (as provided for under the Framework Directive
89/391/EEC[1]), creating a common approach to hazards such as noise,
vibration and dangerous substances. However, there has been a growing
awareness that not all hazards have a physical presence. Psychosocial factors,
shorthand for the psychological, economic and social influences on workers,
can also have an impact on both physical and mental health and well-being.