Table of Contents

1 Preliminaries 4
1.1 Basic Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.1.1 Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.1.2 Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.1.3 Fluid Mechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.1.4 Stresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.1.5 Classification of a Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.1.6 Ideal Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.1.7 Viscous Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.1.8 Johnson Segalman Fluid Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.2 Basic Governing Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.2.1 Continuity Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.2.2 Balance of Momentum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.2.3 Energy Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.3 Dimensionless Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.4 Stokes Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.5 Weissenberg Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.6 Boundary Condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.6.1 No Slip Condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.6.2 Free Surface Condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.7 Method of Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.7.1 Adomian Decomposition Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

2 On the Analysis of Temperature Dependent Stationary Points of the Newtonian

Fluid Film on a Vertical Heated Belt 13
2.1 Problem Formulation and Mathematical Modelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

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 2.2 Solution Using ADM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.2.1 Volume Flow Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.2.2 Shear Stress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.2.3 Stationary points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.3 Results and Discussions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.3.1 Velocity of the Fluid Film . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.3.2 Temperature of the Fluid Film . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.3.3 Temperature Dependent Stationary Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

3 On the Analysis of Temperature Dependent Stationary Points of the Johnson-

Segalman Fluid Film on a Vertical Heated Belt 33
3.1 Problem Formulation and Mathematical Modelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3.2 Solution using ADM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
3.2.1 Volume Flow Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
3.2.2 Shear Stress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
3.2.3 Stationary Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
3.3 Results and Discussions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
3.3.1 Velocity of the Fluid Film . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
3.3.2 Temperature of the Fluid Film . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
3.3.3 Temperature Dependent Stationary Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

4 Conclusion 65

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 LIST OF TABLES

2.1 Impacts of St on the positions of temperature dependent Newtonian station-

ary points with Br = 0.50 and β = 3.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.2 Impacts of Br on the positions of temperature dependent Newtonian
stationary points with St = 1.10 and β = 3.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.3 Impacts of β on the positions of temperature dependent Newtonian station-
ary points with Br = 0.50 and St = 1.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

3.1 Impacts of St on the temperature dependent Johnson Segalman stationary

points with β = 3.0, We = 0.40, e = 1.05, φ = 0.4 and Br = 0.2. . . . . . . 62
3.2 Impacts of Br on the temperature dependent Johnson Segalman stationary
points with β = 3.0, St = 1.10, e = 1.05, We = 0.40 and φ = 0.4. . . . . . . 62
3.3 Impacts of β on the temperature dependent Johnson Segalman stationary
points with St = 1.10, Br = 0.2,e = 1.05, We = 0.40 and φ = 0.4. . . . . . . 63
3.4 Impacts of We on the temperature dependent Johnson Segalman stationary
points with St = 1.10, β = 3.0, Br = 0.2, e = 1.05 and φ = 0.4. . . . . . . . 63
3.5 Impacts of e on the temperature dependent Johnson Segalman stationary
points with St = 0.10, β = 3.0, Br = 0.2, φ = 0.4 and We = 0.40. . . . . . . 63
3.6 Impacts of φ on the temperature dependent Johnson Segalman stationary
points with St = 1.10, β = 3.0, We = 0.40, e = 1.05 and Br = 0.2. . . . . . 64
3.7 Analogy between the temperature dependent Newtonian stationary points
(with St = 1.10, β = 3.0 and Br = 0.2) and temperature dependent Johnson-
Segalman stationary points (with St = 1.10, β = 3.0, Br = 0.2, e = 1.05 and
φ = 0.4). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

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 LIST OF FIGURES

2.1 Variation of Stokes number St on velocity of the temperature dependent

viscosity Newtonian fluid film with Br = 0.50 and β = 3.00. . . . . . . . . 29
2.2 Variation of Brickman number Br on velocity of the temperature dependent
viscosity Newtonian fluid film with β = 3.00 and St = 1.10 . . . . . . . . . 29
2.3 Variation of Variable viscosity parameter β on velocity of the temperature
dependent viscosity Newtonian fluid film with St = 1.10 and Br = 0.50 . . 30
2.4 Variation of Stokes number St on energy equation of the Newtonian fluid
film with Br = 0.50 and β = 1.50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.5 Variation of Brickman number Br on energy equation of the Newtonian
fluid film with St = 0.50 and β = 1.50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.6 Variation of variable viscosity parameter β on energy equation of the
Newtonian fluid film with Br = 0.50 and St = 1.50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

3.1 Variation of St on velocity of the temperature dependent viscosity Johnson

Segalman fluid film with β = 3.0, We = 0.40, e = 1.05, φ = 0.4 and Br = 0.2. 55
3.2 Variation of Br on velocity of the temperature dependent viscosity Johnson
Segalman fluid film with β = 3.0, St = 1.10, e = 1.05, We = 0.40 and φ = 0.4. 56
3.3 Variation of β on velocity of the temperature dependent viscosity Johnson
Segalman fluid film with St = 1.10, Br = 0.2, e = 1.05, We = 0.40 and
φ = 0.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
3.4 Variation of We on velocity of the temperature dependent viscosity Johnson
Segalman fluid film with St = 1.10, β = 3.0, Br = 0.2, e = 1.05 and φ = 0.4. 57
3.5 Variation of e on velocity of the temperature dependent viscosity Johnson
Segalman fluid film with St = 0.10, β = 3.0, Br = 0.2, φ = 0.4 and We = 0.40. 57
3.6 Variation of φ on velocity of the temperature dependent viscosity Johnson
Segalman fluid film with St = 1.10, β = 3.0, We = 0.40, e = 1.05 and Br = 0.2. 58

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3.7 Analogy between the velocity of the temperature dependent viscosity New-
tonian fluid film (with St = 1.10, β = 3.0 and Br = 0.2) and temperature
dependent viscosity Johnson Segalman fluid film (with St = 1.10, β = 3.0,
Br = 0.2, e = 1.05 and φ = 0.4). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
3.8 Variation of St on temperature of the temperature dependent viscosity
Johnson Segalman fluid film with β = 3.0, We = 0.40, e = 1.05, φ = 0.4
Br = 0.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
3.9 Variation of Br on temperature of the temperature dependent viscosity
Johnson Segalman fluid film with β = 3.0, St = 1.10, e = 1.05, We = 0.40
φ = 0.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
3.10 Variation of β on temperature of the temperature dependent viscosity
Johnson Segalman fluid film with St = 1.10, Br = 0.2,e = 1.05, We = 0.40,
φ = 0.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
3.11 Variation of We on temperature of the temperature dependent viscosity
Johnson Segalman fluid film with St = 1.10, β = 3.0, Br = 0.2, e = 1.05,
φ = 0.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
3.12 Variation of e on temperature of the temperature dependent viscosity
Johnson Segalman fluid film with St = 0.10, β = 3.0, Br = 0.2, φ = 0.4,
We = 1.40. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
3.13 Variation of φ on temperature of the temperature dependent viscosity
Johnson Segalman fluid film with St = 1.10, β = 3.0, We = 3.40, e = 1.05,
Br = 0.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
3.14 Analogy between the temperature of the temperature dependent viscosity
Newtonian fluid film (with St = 1.10, β = 3.0 and Br = 0.2) and tem-
perature dependent viscosity Johnson Segalman fluid film (with St = 1.10,
β = 3.0, Br = 0.2, e = 1.05 and φ = 0.4). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

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