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  • Sandstone Petrographyin Basin Analysis

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    Van Tea
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    This document discusses two approaches to classifying sandstone petrography: provenance-centered (Dickinson) which classifies sands by their source terrane, and deposition-centered (Maynard) which classifies sands by the type of basin they were deposited in. It then examines using trace element geochemistry for classification, noting elements like Zr, Ti, Nb, Y that do not have soluble lower oxidation states and are widely reported. Plots of elements like Zr/Ti and Nb/Y show some tectonic categories like volcanic arc and continental are well separated but others overlap. Plagioclase compositions and abundances also do not give clean separations between tectonic categories.

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    This document discusses two approaches to classifying sandstone petrography: provenance-centered (Dickinson) which classifies sands by their source terrane, and deposition-centered (Maynard) which classifies sands by the type of basin they were deposited in. It then examines using trace element geochemistry for classification, noting elements like Zr, Ti, Nb, Y that do not have soluble lower oxidation states and are widely reported. Plots of elements like Zr/Ti and Nb/Y show some tectonic categories like volcanic arc and continental are well separated but others overlap. Plagioclase compositions and abundances also do not give clean separations between tectonic categories.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    21 views23 pages

    Sandstone Petrographyin Basin Analysis

    Uploaded by

    Van Tea
    This document discusses two approaches to classifying sandstone petrography: provenance-centered (Dickinson) which classifies sands by their source terrane, and deposition-centered (Maynard) which classifies sands by the type of basin they were deposited in. It then examines using trace element geochemistry for classification, noting elements like Zr, Ti, Nb, Y that do not have soluble lower oxidation states and are widely reported. Plots of elements like Zr/Ti and Nb/Y show some tectonic categories like volcanic arc and continental are well separated but others overlap. Plagioclase compositions and abundances also do not give clean separations between tectonic categories.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 23

    s

    Two ways of looking at sandstone petrography:

    1. Provenance centered (Dickinson) – sands


    classified by the type of terrane from which
    they are derived

    2. Deposition centered (Maynard) – sands


    classified by the type of basin they are
    deposited in
    Dickinson classification

    Based on ancient
    sandstones. Lacks Island
    Arc examples
    Maynard classification
    Developed for modern
    deep-sea sands. Lacks rift
    basins.
    Geochemical classification

    Major elements
    show large
    degree of overlap

    Maynard et al 1982
    What about trace elements?
    Likely candidates:

    1. High charge elements that do not have a soluble lower oxidation


    state:

    Al, Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, Th, Nb (but not Mn, Fe, V etc)

    2. Rare-earth elements (except Ce which can go to 2+ and migrate)

    A popular set of parameters to use, because they are widely reported, are

    Zr/Ti and Nb/Y

    On the next slide, note that TE and FA categories are well separated but not the
    others
    Within Grain Types:
    Feldspars
    Possible feldspar
    compositions

    Maynard 1982
    Distribution of
    plagioclase in
    crystalline source rocks

    Maynard 1982
    Observed feldspar
    compositions in modern
    sediments
    Maynard 1982
    Tectonic category
    discrimination: plagioclase
    compositions

    Maynard 1982
    Tectonic category discrimination: plagioclase
    abundance & composition does not produce clean
    separations
    Maynard 1982
    Within Grain Types: Rock Fragments

    1. Sedimentary
    Old sandstone, carbonates,
    2. Metamorphic
    Fine-grained (slate), coarsely xtaline
    3. Plutonic
    Coarse-grained qtz + fspar
    4. Volcanic
    Fine-grained or porphyritic
    Plutonic Igneous
    Carbonate
    Volcanic - lathwork
    Volcanic - microlitic
    Within-category Variation: Continent-margin Arc Pacific NW Shows
    Extensive Overlap in Framework Grains, but cluster at lithic apex
    Within-category Variation: Similar Overlap in Lithic Grains
    Geochemical discrimination - alkalis
    Geochemical discrimination – trace elements
    Then what can you do?
    Sandstone petrographic and chemical
    composition appears to be capable of
    distinguishing broadly among
    1. passive margins
    2. volcanic arcs
    3. everything else (back arcs, peripheral back
    arcs, rifts, strike-slip margins)

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