HmsI Rnb Qnans’1/0/(19250fl264
CNH0/-0//6.r01258,/0/,//57,4
@rrdrrhmf @bbdos‘mbd ne@rrhrshud Rnbh‘k@fdmsSdbgmnknfx
ax Nkcdq @ctksr9sgd @kldqd Lncdk
L‘qbdkGddqhmj − Adm Jqṅrd − U‘mdrr‘ Dudqr −
Ana Vhdkhmf‘
@bbdosdc910 Itkx 1/0/ .Otakhrgdc nmkhmd93 Rdosdladq1/0/
³ Sgd @tsgnq’r(1/0/-Sghr ‘qshbkd hr otakhrgdc vhsg nodm ‘bbdrr ‘sRoqhmfdqkhmj-bnl
@arsq‘bs Sghr o‘odq oqnonrdr ‘ lncdk ne sdbgmnknfx ‘b,
bdos‘mbd sg‘shr rodbh›b‘kkx cdudknodc sn sdrssgd ‘bbdos‘mbd
ne ‘rrhrshud rnbh‘k ‘fdmsr ax dkcdqkx trdqr-Sgd qdrd‘qbg hm
sghr o‘odq cdudknor ‘mc sdrsr ‘m ‘c‘os‘shnm ‘mc sgdnqdshb‘k
dwsdmrhnm ne sgd Tmh›dc Sgdnqx ne @bbdos‘mbd ‘mc Trd ne
Sdbgmnknfx ’TS@TS(ax dwok‘hmhmf hmsdmssn trd mnsnmkx hm
sdqlr ne u‘qh‘akdr qdk‘sdc sn etmbshnm‘kdu‘kt‘shnm khjd odq,
bdhudc trdetkmdrr ‘mc odqbdhudc d‘rd ne trd+ats ‘krn u‘qh,
‘akdr sg‘s qdk‘sd sn rnbh‘k hmsdq‘bshnm- Sgd mdv lncdk v‘r
sdrsdc trhmf bnmsqnkkdc dwodqhldms‘mc knmfhstchm‘kc‘s‘ bnk,
kdbsdc qdf‘qchmf sgqdd cheedqdmsrnbh‘k‘fdmsr ‘sdkcdqkx b‘qd
e‘bhkhshdr ‘mc ‘s sgd gnldr ne nkcdq ‘ctksr-Sgd lncdk v‘r
rsqnmfkx rtoonqsdc ‘bbntmshmf enq 48fl68$ ne sgd u‘qh‘mbd
hm tr‘fd hmsdmshnmr ‘mc 38fl48$ ne sgd u‘qh‘mbd hm ‘bst‘k
trd-Sgdrd ›mchmfr bnmsqhatsd sn ntq tmcdqrs‘mchmf ne gnv
dkcdqkx trdqr ‘bbdos‘rrhrshud rnbh‘k‘fdmsr-
Jdxvnqcr Sdbgmnknfx ‘bbdos‘mbd − @rrhrshud sdbgmnknfx −
Dkcdqkx trdqr − Rnbh‘kqnansr − Dlanchdc ‘fdmsr
L-Gddqhmj ’!(
@lrsdqc‘l Tmhudqrhsx ne@ookhdc Rbhdmbdr+O-I-Ntcvdf 14+
@kldqd+Sgd Mdsgdqk‘mcr
d,l‘hk9l-gddqhmj?vhmcdrgdhlfidunk‘mc-mk
A-Jqṅrd − U-Dudqr − A-Vhdkhmf‘
Tmhudqrhsx ne@lrsdqc‘l+Rbhdmbd O‘qj 8/3+@lrsdqc‘l+
Sgd Mdsgdqk‘mcr
A-Jqṅrd
d,l‘hk9a-i-‘-jqnrd?tu‘-mk
U-Dudqr
d,l‘hk9u-dudqr?tu‘-mk
A-Vhdkhmf‘
d,l‘hk9a-i-vhdkhmf‘?tu‘-mk
0 Hmsqnctbshnm
Sgd dwodbsdc fqnvsg hm sgd dkcdqkx onotk‘shnm ‘mc oqnidbsdc
rgnqs, ‘mc knmf sdql k‘anq rgnqs‘fdr hm gd‘ksgb‘qd Z0\ g‘ud
hmrohqdc qdrd‘qbgdqr sn dwoknqd sgd ‘ookhb‘ahkhsx ne hmsdkkh,
fdms rxrsdlr enq dkcdqb‘qd- Sgdrd rxrsdlr ‘qd dwodbsdc sn
dm‘akd dkcdqkx odnokd sn khud hmcdodmcdmskx ‘mc l‘jd lnqd
de›bhdmstrd ne gtl‘m b‘qd rdquhbdr Z1\-Gnvdudq+oqduhntr
qdrd‘qbg g‘r rgnvm sg‘s rxrsdlr ‘mc ‘ookhb‘shnmr sg‘s ‘qd
cdudknodc enq dkcdqkx trdqr ‘qd nesdm chrb‘qcdc ctd sn e‘b,
snqr sg‘s‘qd rodbh›b enqsghr trdqfqnto+khjd rnbh‘koqdrrtqdr
’rtbg ‘r rshfl‘shy‘shnm(nqk‘bj ne‘c‘oshudmdrr sn bg‘mfdr hm
sgd ogxrhb‘k‘mc bnfmhshud bnmchshnm Z2+3\-Hm nqcdqsn etkkx
tmcdqrs‘mc sgd oqnbdrr ne ‘bbdos‘mbd ne hmsdkkhfdmsrxrsdlr
enqdkcdqb‘qd+hsvhkkad hlonqs‘mssn hcdmshex sgdrd e‘bsnqr-
@lnmf sgd deenqsr sn cdudkno hmsdkkhfdmsrxrsdlr enq dk,
cdqb‘qd ‘qd oqnidbsr hm vghbg qnansr ‘mc rbqddm ‘fdmsr ‘qd
cdudknodc ‘r ‘m hmsdfq‘sdc o‘qs ne hmsdkkhfdms gnldr nq ‘r
odqrnm‘k‘rrhrshud cduhbdr Z4\-Sgdx ‘qd cdrhfmdc sn hmsdq‘bs
rnbh‘kkx vhsg trdqr sn hmbqd‘rd ‘bbdos‘mbd ‘mc sn d‘rd bnl,
ltmhb‘shnm ‘mc bnnqchm‘shnm Z5+6\-Gnvdudq+he‘tsnmnlntr
rnbh‘k‘fdmsr ‘qd fnhmf sn rs‘x ‘sb‘qd e‘bhkhshdr ‘mc gnldr ne
dkcdqkx odnokd+vd mddc sn tmcdqrs‘mc sgd lnshu‘shnmr nedk,
cdqkx ‘mc sgd oqnbdrr ax vghbg sgdx bnld sn ‘bbdosnqqdidbs
sghr sdbgmnknfx- Gnv vhkk dkcdqkx odnokd qdronmc sn sgdrd
‘fdmsr> Vhkkcheedqdmbdr hm sgd ‘fdms&r rnbh‘k‘ahkhshdr b‘trd
‘ cheedqdmbd hm ‘sshstcdr snv‘qc sgd ‘fdms> Tmcdqrs‘mchmf
sgdrd ptdrshnmr+vntkc dm‘akd tr sn hloqnud sgd cdrhfm ‘mc
oqdrdms‘shnm nernbh‘k‘fdmsr enqdkcdqkx trdqr-
@ ldsgncnknfx sg‘s g‘r addm dwokhbhskx cdudknodc sn
qdrd‘qbg ‘bbdos‘mbd hr sdbgmnknfx ‘bbdos‘mbd lncdkhmf
’S@L( Z7\-Hshr trdc sn l‘o hmfitdmbdr nm trdqr& hmsdmshnm
sn trd sgd sdbgmnknfx ‘mc sgd ‘bst‘k trd ne hs- Hs b‘m oqd,
chbs gnv vdkk ‘ rxrsdl vhkk ad ‘bbdosdc ax ‘ bdqs‘hm trdq
fqnto ‘mc dwok‘hm cheedqdmbdr adsvddm hmchuhct‘kr nq rta
251
fqntor-Gnvdudq+sq‘chshnm‘ksdbgmnknfx ‘bbdos‘mbd lncdkr
cn mns s‘jd hmsn ‘bbntms rnbh‘k ‘rodbsr ne hmsdq‘bshnm vhsg
dlanchdc ‘fdmsr rtbg ‘r qnansr nqnm,rbqddm bg‘q‘bsdqr+mnq
‘qd sgdrd lncdkr cdudknodc vhsg dkcdqkx trdqr hm lhmc-Hm
sghr o‘odq vd cdrbqhad sgd cdudknoldmsne ‘ lncdkenq sgd
‘bbdos‘mbd ne ‘rrhrshud rnbh‘k ‘fdmsr enq dkcdqkx trdqr-Ntq
‘hl hr sn cdudkno ‘ lncdksg‘s’0( hr ‘akd sn dwok‘hm ‘bbdo,
s‘mbd tmcdq ‘ vhcd u‘qhdsx ne dwodqhldms‘k bnmchshnmr+’1(
rgnvr qnatrsmdrr ctqhmf pt‘mshs‘shud ‘m‘kxrhr ‘mc ’2( ‘hlr
sn hcdmshex sgd l‘hm hmfitdmbdr nm ‘bbdos‘mbd ne ‘rrhrshud
rnbh‘kqnansr ax dkcdqkx trdqr-
Hm sgd qdl‘hmcdqnesghr o‘odqvd vhkk›qrschrbtrr qdk‘sdc
vnqj nm sgd trd neqnansr ‘mc rbqddm ‘fdmsr hm dkcdqb‘qd ‘mc
dwhrshmf lncdkr ne sdbgmnknfx ‘bbdos‘mbd-Rtardptdmskx+‘
mdv sgdnqdshb‘k lncdk ne ‘rrhrshud rnbh‘k ‘fdms ‘bbdos‘mbd
hr cdudknodc ‘mc u‘khc‘sdc hm entq bnmsqnkkdc trdq dwodqh,
ldmsr vhsg cheedqdms qnansr ‘mc rbqddm ‘fdmsr ‘mc vhsg dk,
cdqkx trdqr ‘r o‘qshbho‘msr-@esdqqdonqshmf sgd ›mchmfr eqnl
sgdrd dwodqhldmsr+ vd vhkk oqdrdms sgd hloqnudc ‘mc ›m‘k
lncdk-
1 Qdk‘sdc vnqj
1-0 @rrhrshud Rnbh‘k@fdmsr hm Dkcdqb‘qd
Hm snc‘x&r vnqkc l‘mx dkcdqkx odnokd qdpthqd b‘qd eqnl rod,
bh‘khydc b‘qdfhudqr-Gnvdudq+sgd ‘u‘hk‘ahkhsx ne b‘qdfhudqr
hr hmrte›bhdms sn jddo to vhsg sgd qhrd hm cdl‘mc enq rtbg
rdquhbdr-@m hlonqs‘msbg‘kkdmfd enq rxrsdl cdrhfmdqr hr sn
trd gd‘ksgb‘qd oqnedrrhnm‘k&r shld hm sgd lnrsde›bhdmsv‘x
‘mc cdudkno rxrsdlr sg‘sb‘m ‘rrhrsnkcdq ‘ctksr-Rnld dw,
‘lokd sdbgmnknfhdr sg‘s ‘qd adhmf cdudknodc enq ogxrhb‘k
rtoonqs‘qd v‘kjhmf ‘hcr+hmsdkkhfdmsvgddkbg‘hqr+dwnrjdkd,
snmr ‘mc qnanshb atskdqr Z8fl00\-Rdmrnq lnmhsnqhmf rxrsdlr
‘mc qdlhmcdqcduhbdr ‘qd cdudknodc sn needqbnfmhshud ‘rrhr,
s‘mbd Z01\ ‘mc enq rnbh‘krtoonqssgdqd ‘qd rnktshnmr rtbg ‘r
bnlltmhb‘shnm cduhbdr ‘mc qnanshb odsr Z02+03\-Oqnidbsr
sg‘s‘ccqdrr ‘kksgqdd rtoonqsb‘sdfnqhdr ‘qd eqdptdmskx dmuh,
rhnmdc ‘r hmsdkkhfdms gnldr sg‘s oqnuhcd ‘ lnmhsnqhmf dm,
uhqnmldms sgqntfg hmsdkkhfdms rdmrnq mdsvnqjr+ bnmsqnk ne
gntrdgnkc cduhbdr+ldchb‘shnm qdlhmcdqr+‘r vdkk‘r qnanshb
‘rrhrshud cduhbdr-Sgdrd qnansr ‘qd cdudknodc sn ‘rrhrsvhsg
v‘kjhmf+ fdsshmf nts ne adc+ a‘sghmf+ snhkdshmf ‘mc gntrd,
gnkc l‘hmsdm‘mbd Z04fl06\- Hm bdqs‘hm b‘rdr+ sgdrd qnansr
‘qd cdrhfmdc sn hmsdq‘bs rnbh‘kkx vhsg sgdhq trdqr hm nqcdq
sn hmunjd gtl‘m rnbh‘kadg‘uhnqr ‘mc d‘rd bnlltmhb‘shnm
Z04+06fl08\-Vd hcdmshex sgnrd ‘r ‘rrhrshud rnbh‘kqnansr rdo,
‘q‘sdkx eqnl nsgdq‘rrhrshud sdbgmnknfx sg‘scndr mnshmsdq‘bs
rnbh‘kkx vhsg hsr trdqr-Sghr hr mnssn r‘x sg‘sodnokd vhkkmns
hmsdq‘bsvhsg nsgdq‘rrhrshud sdbgmnknfx ‘r hehsvdqd ‘ rnbh‘k
‘bsnq-Sghr deedbsentmc ax Qddudr ‘mc M‘rr Z1/\hr khjdkx enq
‘kkbnlotsdq sdbgmnknfx-Gnvdudq+hm sghr qdrd‘qbg vd vhkk
HmsI Rnb Qnans’1/0/(19250fl264
E hf-0 B‘sdfnqhy‘shnm neqnansr hm dkcdqb‘qd
enbtr nm sdbgmnknfx sg‘shr rodbh›b‘kkx cdrhfmdc sn hmsdq‘bs
rnbh‘kkx vhsg dkcdqkx trdqr-
Qdrd‘qbg nm ‘rrhrshud rnbh‘k qnansr enq dkcdqb‘qd b‘m ad
fdmdq‘kkx entmc hm svn ‘qd‘r ’rdd Ehf- 0(- Sgd ›qrs bnm,
bdqmr rnbh‘k rtoonqs ‘mc hmunkudr bnlo‘mhnm sxod qnansr
trdc enqrnbh‘kbnlo‘mhnmrgho nqenqqnans‘rrhrsdc sgdq‘ox-
Sgd nsgdq qdk‘sdr sn qnansr sg‘sneedq ogxrhb‘k‘mc bnfmhshud
‘rrhrs‘mbd- Sgdrd ‘qd rnbh‘kkx hmsdq‘bshud qnansr sg‘s b‘qqx
ntsrdquhbd s‘rjr-Sgdx fthcd nq b‘qqx odqrnmr+needq atskdq,
khjd rdquhbdr nq etmbshnm ‘r ‘m hmsdqe‘bd sn rl‘qs gnld cd,
uhbdr-
@m dw‘lokd ne ‘ bnlo‘mhnm sxod rnbh‘kqnanshr sgd rd‘k
rg‘odc qnansO‘qn Z08\-Rgha‘s‘ ds‘k&r ›mchmfr rtffdrssg‘s
O‘qn b‘m g‘ud sgd r‘ld admd›bh‘k deedbs nm dkcdqkx trdqr
‘r qd‘kodsr+hloqnuhmf sgdhq gd‘ksg ‘mc rdmrd ne vdkkadhmf-
@mnsgdq dw‘lokd ne ‘ bnlo‘mhnm sxod qnans hr sgd Gtf,
f‘akd Z10\+cdudknodc sn ld‘rtqd sgd v‘x hshr sntbgdc+hm,
sdmcdc sn ad bnmmdbsdc sn ‘ rdo‘q‘sd bnlotsdq‘ssgd mtqrd&r
rs‘shnm sn oqnlnsd sgd nudq‘kk gd‘ksg ‘mc vdkkadhmf ne sgd
trdq-
@m dw‘lokd ne ‘ rdquhbd sxod rnbh‘k qnans hr &mtqrdans&
Od‘qk+vghbg hr cdudknodc rodbh›b‘kkx enq gtl‘m,qnans hm,
sdq‘bshnm qdrd‘qbg hm dkcdqkx b‘qd- Od‘qk b‘m oqnuhcd ‘rrhr,
s‘mbd sn dkcdqkx trdqr Z07\+ enq dw‘lokd ax fthchmf sgdl
sn ‘ cdrshm‘shnm nq oqnuhchmf hmenql‘shnm-@ qnansvhsg ‘c,
u‘mbdc ‘rrhrshud etmbshnm‘khshdr enq dkcdqb‘qd hr sgd Fdql‘m
B‘qd,n,ans-Hshr hmsdmcdc sn oqnuhcd ‘rrhrs‘mbd rtbg ‘r v‘kj,
hmf ‘rrhrs‘mbd ‘mc atskdqrdquhbdr Z7+11\-Nsgdqoqnidbsr en,
btr nm ‘rrhrshud dmuhqnmldmsr q‘sgdq sgdm sgd cdudknoldms
ne ‘ cdchb‘sdc qnans- @m dw‘lokd ne sghr hr sgd QnanB‘qd
oqnidbsZ06\+ed‘stqhmf ‘m hmsdkkhfdmsgnld ne vghbg ‘ qnans
hr ‘m hmsdfq‘sdc o‘qs-
@m dw‘lokd ne qdrd‘qbg hmunkuhmf rbqddm ‘fdmsr enq dk,
cdqkx trdqr hr qdonqsdc ax Ahbjlnqd ds‘k-Z12\-Hsbnmbdqmr
sgd du‘kt‘shnm nedkcdqkx trdqr&qdronmrdr sn qdk‘shnm‘k‘fdms
K‘tq‘+vghbg etmbshnmdc ‘r ‘ gd‘ksg ‘cuhrnqenqnkcdq‘ctksr-
Sghr ‘fdms&r hmsdq‘bshnm bnmrhrsdc dmshqdkx ne qdk‘shnmrgho,
athkchmf ch‘knftd hmbktchmf rnbh‘kch‘knftd+lds‘,qdk‘shnm‘k
HmsI Rnb Qnans’1/0/(19250fl264 252

ch‘knftd+ dlo‘sgx dwbg‘mfdr+ gtlnq+ ‘mc qdbhoqnb‘k rdke,

chrbknrtqd dwbg‘mfdr-Sgd rstchdr&›mchmfr hmchb‘sd sg‘ssgd
‘fdms v‘r ‘bbdosdc ax sgd o‘qshbho‘msr ‘r ‘ bnmudqr‘shnm‘k
o‘qsmdq nm gd‘ksg ‘mc gd‘ksg adg‘uhnq-Hsv‘r rddm ‘r sqtrs,
vnqsgx ‘mc eqhdmckx ‘mc entmc sn ad ‘ fnnc gd‘ksg ‘cuh,
rnq-Nsgdq qdrd‘qbg vhsg sghr ‘fdmsax Ahbjlnqd ‘mc Rbgtk,
l‘m Z13\ enbtrdc nm knmf sdql qdk‘shnmrghor-Hs v‘r entmc E hf-1 A‘rhb S@L ‘rrtloshnmr
sg‘s dudm sgntfg rtaidbsr bnmctbsdc ‘m dwsdmcdc ch‘knftd
vhsg sgd ‘fdms+ sgdx ‘oo‘qdmskx e‘hkdc sn cdudkno ‘ rsqnmf
rnbh‘kanmc-Sgdrd rstchdr b‘qdetkkx rtffdrssg‘shm nqcdq sn
‘bghdud ‘bbdos‘mbd ne ‘ rnbh‘k‘fdms+rnbh‘kadg‘uhnq hr hl,
onqs‘msatsdrs‘akhrghmf ‘ knmf sdql rnbh‘kqdk‘shnmrgho l‘x
mnsad mddcdc-
Rstchdr vghbg bnlo‘qdc qnansr ‘mc rbqddm ‘fdmsr rgnv
sg‘sodnokd qdronmc sn sgdl hm ‘ rhlhk‘q v‘x ‘ksgntfg ‘ qn,
anshb ‘fdmshr sqtrsdc rkhfgskx lnqd sg‘m ‘ rbqddm ‘fdms-Sgd
‘bst‘kdlanchldmsne sgd qnansv‘r entmc lnqd ‘ood‘khmf
sg‘m ‘ rbqddm ‘fdmsr uhqst‘kdlanchldmsZ14+15\-
Dudm he sghr qduhdv needqr ‘ khlhsdc r‘lokd ne sgd rstc, E hf-2 TS@TS lncdk9chqdbshmfitdmbdr
hdr ‘u‘hk‘akd nm sgd hmsdq‘bshnm ne nkcdq ‘ctksr vhsg rnbh‘k
qnansr+ sgd vnqj nm dkcdqkx trdqr& qdronmrdr sn qnans b‘qd
rtffdrsr sg‘s‘ qnans&r rnbh‘kadg‘uhnqr ‘qd hlonqs‘ms-Vgdm Odqenql‘mbd Dwodbs‘mbx ’sgd dwodbs‘shnmr sgd trdq g‘r ne
‘ qnans nq rbqddm ‘fdms hr ‘ bg‘q‘bsdq vhsg hsr nvm rnbh‘k sgd odqenql‘mbd nesgd rxrsdl(-Odqbdhudc d‘rd netrd hr ‘krn
oqdrdmbd ‘mc rnbh‘ahkhsx+trdqr& dwodbs‘shnmr ‘qd cdrshmdc sn lnqd aqn‘ckx cd›mdc ‘mc hr sdqldc DeenqsDwodbs‘mbx ’sgd
hmfitdmbd trd ‘mc ‘bbdos‘mbd nesgd qnans- dwodbs‘shnmr sgd trdq g‘r ne sgd deenqssg‘shr mddcdc sn trd
Vd ‘qftd sg‘s qdrd‘qbg nm qnans ‘mc ‘fdms ‘bbdos‘mbd sgd rxrsdl(- Nsgdq e‘bsnqr sg‘s g‘ud addm hmbnqonq‘sdc ‘qd
b‘m ad rtachuhcdc hmsn svn ‘qd‘r9‘bbdos‘mbd nesgd qnanshm Rnbh‘k Hmfitdmbd ‘mc E‘bhkhs‘shmf Bnmchshnmr-Rdke De›b‘bx+
sdqlr ne trdetkmdrr ‘mc d‘rd ne trd ’etmbshnm‘k‘bbdos‘mbd( @sshstcd ‘mc @mwhdsx vdqd mns entmc sn g‘ud ‘ chqdbs de,
‘mc ‘bbdos‘mbd nesgd qnans‘r ‘ bnmudqr‘shnm‘ko‘qsmdqvhsg edbs nm Hmsdmshnm sn Trd ’sgd deedbs v‘r b‘ostqdc ax deenqs
vghbg ‘ gtl‘m nqodskhjd qdk‘shnmrgho hr onrrhakd ’rnbh‘k‘b, ‘mc odqenql‘mbd dwodbs‘mbx(-Fdmcdq+@fd+Dwodqhdmbd ‘mc
bdos‘mbd(-Sgd dwodqhldmsr vhsg O‘qn vdqd lnqd enbtrdc nm Unktms‘qhmdrr ne trd vdqd entmc sn ad sgd l‘hm lncdq‘s,
rnbh‘k‘bbdos‘mbd vghkd sgd dwodqhldmsr vhsg Od‘qkenbtrdc hmf hmfitdmbdr- Sgd lncdk g‘r addm ‘ookhdc ax Cd Qtxsdq
lnqd nm sgd ‘bbdos‘mbd nesgd qnansqdf‘qchmf hsr etmbshnm‘k, ds ‘k- Z2/\ sn hmudrshf‘sd sgd ‘bbdos‘mbd ne ‘ rnbh‘k qnans
hshdr-@ bnlokdsd ldsgncnknfx sgtr+rgntkc hmbnqonq‘sd ansg ’sgd hB‘s(-Sgdrd rstchdr entmc sg‘s o‘qshbho‘msr itcfdc ‘m
sgdrd ‘rodbsr ne‘bbdos‘mbd- dwsq‘udqsqnans’lnqd dwoqdrrhud hm unhbd ‘mc e‘bh‘kdwoqdr,
rhnmr( sn ad lnqd rnbh‘kkx hmsdkkhfdms ‘mc sgdx vdqd lnqd
1-1 TS@TS ‘mc sgd @bbdos‘mbd neRnbh‘k@fdmsr khjdkx sn ‘bbdossgd dwoqdrrhud qnansbnlo‘qdc vhsg sgd qn,
ans hm ‘m hmsqnudqs bnmchshnm- Sgd TS@TS lncdk rddlr ‘
Sgd nqhfhm‘k Sdbgmnknfx @bbdos‘mbd Lncdk ’S@L( cdudk, rntmc a‘rhr sn rs‘qsdwoknqhmf e‘bsnqr sg‘scdsdqlhmd dkcdqkx
nodc ax C‘uhr Z5\ ’rdd Ehf-1(+v‘r a‘rdc nm sgd Sgdnqx ne trdqr ‘bbdos‘mbd ne rnbh‘k qnansr-Sghr hr ctd sn hsr dwsdm,
Qd‘rnmdc @bshnm ’SQ@(ax Ehrgadhm ‘mc @iydm Z16+17\-Hm rhud u‘khc‘shnm ‘mc sgd onsdmsh‘k ‘ookhb‘ahkhsx ne sgd lncdk
S@L+odqbdhudc d‘rd ne trhmf sgd sdbgmnknfx ‘mc sgd odq, sn gtl‘m,qnanshmsdq‘bshnm ‘r hmchb‘sdc ax cd Qtxsdqds‘k-
bdhudc trdetkmdrr nesgd sdbgmnknfx ‘qd sgd l‘hm e‘bsnqr sg‘s
hmfitdmbd sgd trdq&r hmsdmssn trd sgd rxrsdl+vghbg hm stqm hr
sgd l‘hm oqdchbsnqne‘bst‘ktrd nesgd rxrsdl- 2 LncdkCdudknoldms9Bnmrsqtbsr ‘mc Gxonsgdrhydc
S@L+vghbg cd›mdr ‘bbdos‘mbd ‘r ‘bst‘k trd+g‘r addm BnmrsqtbsHmsdqqdk‘shnmr
‘ookhdc sn du‘kt‘sd sgd ‘bbdos‘mbd ne l‘mx cheedqdms sxodr
ne sdbgmnknfx ‘mc sgd lncdk g‘r addm ‘c‘osdc ‘mc dw, 2-0 @cnosdc Bnmrsqtbsr
o‘mcdc tonm hm k‘sdq qdrd‘qbg-Udmj‘sdrg ds‘k-Z18\ needqdc
‘m nudquhdv ne sgdrd k‘sdq sdbgmnknfx ‘bbdos‘mbd lncdkr Sgd TS@TS ptdrshnmm‘hqd hr oqdrdmsdc vhsg sgd mnshnm sg‘s
‘mc hmbnqonq‘sdc sgd lnrsqdkh‘akd bnmrsqtbsr hmsn sgd Tmh, hsvhkkmddc sn ad ‘c‘osdc sn sgd rodbh›b sdbgmnknfx hsdu‘kt,
›dc Sgdnqx ne@bbdos‘mbd ‘mc Trd neSdbgmnknfx ’TS@TS( ‘sdr Z28\-Ptdrshnmm‘hqd hsdlr vdqd sgdqdenqd ‘c‘osdc hm ntq
lncdk’Ehf-2(-Hm TS@TS+odqbdhudc trdetkmdrr nesgd sdbg, qdrd‘qbg sn ›ssgd bnmsdwsne‘rrhrshud qnans‘mc rbqddm ‘fdms
mnknfx dmbnlo‘rrdr ‘ aqn‘cdq cd›mhshnm ‘mc hr qdm‘ldc sn sdbgmnknfx ‘mc ‘ccqdrr dkcdqkx trdqr hm ‘ ’b‘qd(gnld q‘sgdq
253 HmsI Rnb Qnans’1/0/(19250fl264

S‘akd 0 Nudquhdv nebnmrsqtbsr S‘akd 1 Trdc ptdrshnmm‘hqd

Bncd Bnmrsqtbs Cd›mhshnm @MW HeHrgntkc trd sgd qnans+Hvntkc ad ‘eq‘hc sn l‘jd
lhrs‘jdr vhsg hs
@MW @mwhdsx Dunjhmf ‘mwhntr nqdlnshnm‘k HeHrgntkc trd sgd qnans+Hvntkc ad ‘eq‘hc sn aqd‘j
qd‘bshnmr vgdm hsbnldr sn trhmf rnldsghmf
sgd rxrsdl
H›mc sgd qnansrb‘qx
@SS @sshstcd Onrhshud nqmdf‘shud eddkhmfr ‘ants
snv‘qcr sgd ‘ookh‘mbd nesgd sdbgmnknfx H›mc sgd qnanshmshlhc‘shmf
sdbgmnknfx @SS Hsghmj hs&r ‘ fnnc hcd‘ sn trd sgd qnans
EB E‘bhkhs‘shmf E‘bsnqr hm sgd dmuhqnmldmssg‘s Sgd qnansvntkc l‘jd khed lnqd hmsdqdrshmf
bnmchshnmr e‘bhkhs‘sd trd nesgd rxrsdl Hs&r fnnc sn l‘jd trd nesgd qnans
HST Hmsdmshnm sn Sgd hmsdmshnm sn trd sgd rxrsdl EB Hg‘ud dudqxsghmf Hmddc sn trd sgd qnans
Trd nudq‘ knmfdqodqhnc hm shld
Hjmnv dmntfg nesgd qnanssn l‘jd fnnc trd nehs
O@C Odqbdhudc Sgd odqbdhudc ‘ahkhsx nesgd rxrsdl
‘c‘oshudmdrr sn ‘c‘ossn sgd mddcr nesgd trdq HST Hsghmj H&kktrd sgd qnansctqhmf sgd mdwsedv c‘xr

ODMI Odqbdhudc Eddkhmfr neinx.okd‘rtqd ‘rrnbh‘sdc H&l bdqs‘hm sn trd sgd qnansctqhmf sgd mdwsedv
Dminxldms vhsg sgd trd nesgd rxrsdl c‘xr

ODNT Odqbdhudc Sgd cdfqdd sn vghbg nmd adkhdudr Hok‘m sn trd sgd qnansctqhmf sgd mdwsedv c‘xr
D‘rd neTrd sg‘strhmf sgd rxrsdl vntkc ad eqdd O@C Hsghmj sgd qnansb‘m ad ‘c‘oshud sn vg‘sHmddc
nedeenqs Hsghmj sgd qnansvhkknmkx cn vg‘sHmddc ‘ssg‘s
OR Odqbdhudc Sgd odqbdhudc ‘ahkhsx nesgd rxrsdl o‘qshbtk‘qlnldms
Rnbh‘ahkhsx sn odqenql rnbh‘akd adg‘uhnq Hsghmj sgd qnansvhkkgdko ld vgdm Hbnmrhcdqhssn
OT Odqbdhudc Sgd cdfqdd sn vghbg ‘ odqrnm ad mdbdrr‘qx
Trdetkmdrr adkhdudr sg‘ssgd rxrsdl vntkc ad ODMI Hdminx sgd qnanss‘kjhmf sn ld
‘rrhrshud
Hdminx cnhmf sghmfr vhsg sgd qnans
RH Rnbh‘k Sgd odqrnmr odqbdoshnm sg‘sodnokd
H›mc sgd qnansdminx‘akd
Hmfitdmbd vgn ‘qd hlonqs‘mssn ghl sghmj gd
rgntkc nqrgntkc mnstrd sgd rxrsdl H›mc sgd qnanse‘rbhm‘shmf
RO Rnbh‘k Sgd dwodqhdmbd nerdmrhmf ‘ rnbh‘k H›mc sgd qnansanqhmf
Oqdrdmbd dmshsx vgdm hmsdq‘bshmf vhsg sgd ODNT Hsghmj Hvhkkjmnv pthbjkx gnv sn trd sgd qnans
rxrsdl H›mc sgd qnansd‘rx sn trd
Sqtrs Sqtrs Sgd adkhdesg‘ssgd rxrsdl odqenqlr Hsghmj Hb‘m trd sgd qnansvhsgnts‘mx gdko
vhsg odqrnm‘khmsdfqhsx ‘mc
qdkh‘ahkhsx Hsghmj Hb‘m trd sgd qnansvgdm sgdqd hr rnldnmd
‘qntmc sn gdko ld
Trd Trd Sgd ‘bst‘ktrd nesgd rxrsdl nudq‘
knmfdqodqhnc hm shld Hsghmj Hb‘m trd sgd qnansvgdm Hg‘ud ‘ fnnc
l‘mt‘k
OR Hbnmrhcdqsgd qnans‘ okd‘r‘msbnmudqr‘shnm‘k
o‘qsmdq
sg‘m ne›bd dmuhqnmldms ’rdd S‘akd 0 enq bnmrsqtbs cd›mh,
H›mc sgd qnansokd‘r‘mssn hmsdq‘bsvhsg
shnmr ‘mc S‘akd 1 enqsgd hsdlr sg‘svdqd hmbktcdc(-Gnvdudq+
Heddksgd qnanstmcdqrs‘mcr ld
vgdm qdogq‘rhmf sgd hsdlr+vd sqhdc sn rs‘x ‘r bknrd sn sgd
Hsghmj sgd qnanshr mhbd
nqhfhm‘k enql ‘r onrrhakd-Sgd bnmrsqtbsr Odqenql‘mbd Dw,
odbs‘mbx+DeenqsDwodbs‘mbx ’qdm‘ldc Odqbdhudc Trdetkmdrr OT Hsghmj sgd qnanshr trdetksn ld
‘mc Odqbdhudc D‘rd neTrd sn rthssgd gnld q‘sgdqsg‘m vnqj Hsvntkc ad bnmudmhdmsenqld sn g‘ud sgd qnans
dmuhqnmldms(+Rnbh‘kHmfitdmbd+E‘bhkhs‘shmf Bnmchshnmr+Hm, Hsghmj sgd qnansb‘m gdko ld vhsg l‘mx sghmfr
sdmshnm sn Trd ‘mc @bst‘k Trd vdqd ‘c‘osdc enq sgd trdc RH Hsghmj sgd rs‘eevntkc khjd ld trhmf sgd qnans
ptdrshnmm‘hqd- Vd ‘krn hmbktcdc @mwhdsx+ ‘mc @sshstcd sn, Hsghmj hsvntkc fhud ‘ fnnc hloqdrrhnm heHrgntkc
trd sgd qnans
v‘qc trhmf sgd sdbgmnknfx9‘ksgntfg sgdx vdqd mnshmbktcdc
hm sgd TS@TS lncdk+rdudq‘knsgdqrstchdr entmc sgdrd e‘b, RO Vgdm hmsdq‘bshmf vhsg sgd qnansHedkskhjd H&l
s‘kjhmf sn ‘ qd‘kodqrnm
snqr chqdbskx hmfitdmsh‘k Z20fl23\- Lnqdnudq+ vd vdqd hmsdq,
Hsrnldshldr edks‘r hesgd qnansv‘r qd‘kkx knnjhmf
drsdc hm ld‘rtqhmf dkcdqkx o‘qshbho‘msr& kdudkr ne @mwhdsx ‘sld
‘mc @sshstcd snv‘qc sgd ‘rrhrshud rnbh‘k‘fdms- Hb‘m hl‘fhmd sgd qnanssn ad ‘ khuhmf bqd‘stqd
Hnesdm sghmj sgd qnanshr mns‘ qd‘kodqrnm
2-1 @cchshnm‘kBnmrsqtbsr
Rnldshldr sgd qnansrddlr sn g‘ud qd‘keddkhmfr
Sqtrs Hvntkc sqtrssgd qnanshehsf‘ud ld ‘cuhbd
Odqbdhudc Dminxldms Oqduhntr khsdq‘stqd qdonqsr sg‘s odq,
Hvntkc enkknv sgd ‘cuhbd sgd qnansfhudr ld
bdhudc dminxldmsvhsg ‘ bnlotsdqrxrsdl onrhshudkx ‘eedbsr
HmsI Rnb Qnans’1/0/(19250fl264
‘m hmchuhct‘k&r adg‘uhnq‘khmsdmshnmr snv‘qcr tr‘fd Z24fl27\-
Hm du‘kt‘shmf rnbh‘k‘fdmsr rtbg ‘r bnlo‘mhnm sxod qnansr+
‘m dkdldmsneokd‘rtqd vgdm hmsdq‘bshmf vhsg sgd ‘fdmsl‘x
udqx vdkk hmfitdmbd trdq ‘bbdos‘mbd-U‘m cdq Gdhicdm Z27\
onhmsr nts sg‘s hm _gdcnmhb rxrsdlr& sgd bnmbdos ne dminx,
ldmshr ‘ bqtbh‘kcdsdqlhm‘msenq sgd hmsdmshnm sn trd sgdrd
rxrsdlr- Ne bntqrd+ rnbh‘k ‘fdmsr hm dkcdqb‘qd vhkk g‘qckx
ad cdudknodc itrs sn dmsdqs‘hm9 sgdx vhkk ad o‘qskx tshkhs‘q,
h‘m+o‘qskx gdcnmhb-Ats dudm he itrs o‘qskx gdcnmhb+dminx,
ldms hr entmc sn ad ‘ bnmrsqtbs sg‘s mddcr sn ad o‘qs ne ‘m
‘bbdos‘mbd lncdkenq qnanshb sdbgmnknfx Z25\-@mc dudm hm
tshkhs‘qh‘m rxrsdlr Odqbdhudc Dminxldms b‘m ad ‘ qdkdu‘ms
hmfitdmbhmf e‘bsnq+‘r onhmsdc nts hm ‘m dwsdmrhud rstcx ax
Rtm ‘mc Yg‘mf Z26\- Sghr rstcx rtoonqsr sgd bk‘hlr sg‘s
Odqbdhudc Dminxldmshmfitdmbdr D‘rd neTrd q‘sgdqsg‘m ad,
hmf ‘ bnmrdptdmbd ne hs+‘r bk‘hldc ax rnld nsgdq rstchdr-
@ rstcx vd odqenqldc ‘mc qdonqsdc nm oqduhntrkx bnm›qlr
sghr ‘mc drs‘akhrgdr Odqbdhudc Dminxldms ‘r ‘m hmfitdmbd
ansg nm Odqbdhudc D‘rd ne Trd ‘mc chqdbskx nm Hmsdmshnm
sn Trd Z28\-Sgd odqbdhudc dminxldmshsdlr ’S‘akd 1( vdqd
‘c‘osdc eqnl Z24\-
Rnbh‘kOqdrdmbd Rhmbd hshr mnstmtrt‘kenq gtl‘mr sn dm,
f‘fd vhsg sdbgmnknfx ‘r hehsvdqd ‘ rnbh‘kdmshsx Z08\+hsb‘m
ad dwodbsdc sg‘ssghr deedbshr dw‘bdqa‘sdc vgdm sdbgmnknfx
s‘jdr sgd enql ne ‘m dlanchdc bg‘q‘bsdq ‘mc hmsdq‘bsr hm ‘
rnbh‘kl‘mmdqtrhmf m‘stq‘kk‘mft‘fd ‘mc mnm,udqa‘kgtl‘m
adg‘uhnqr- Sgd sdql oqdrdmbd qdedqr sn svn cheedqdms ogd,
mnldm‘-Ehqrs+hsqdk‘sdr sn sgd eddkhmf neqd‘kkx adhmf oqdrdms
hm ‘ uhqst‘kdmuhqnmldms‘mc b‘m ad cd›mdc ‘r sgd rdmrd ne
adhmf sgdqd Z3/\-Rdbnmc+hsb‘m qdk‘sd sn sgd eddkhmf ne ad,
hmf hm sgd bnlo‘mx ne‘ rnbh‘kdmshsx9sgd odqbdost‘khkktrhnm
nemnm,ldch‘shnm Z30\-Hm ntq bnmsdws+sgd rdbnmc cd›mhshnm
hr qdkdu‘msrhmbd sgd dwsdmssn vghbg nmd eddkr sn ad cd‘khmf
vhsg ‘ rnbh‘kdmshsx vgdm lddshmf ‘ qnansnqrbqddm ‘fdmshr
nehmfitdmbd nm sgd v‘x hshr odqbdhudc ‘mc ‘bbdosdc Z12+31\-
Qdf‘qchmf sgd bknrd bnmmdbshnm adsvddm rnbh‘k‘ahkhshdr ‘mc
sgd rdmrd neoqdrdmbd Z32\+vd hmbnqonq‘sd rnbh‘koqdrdmbd hm
ntq dwodqhldmsr sn qdrd‘qbg hsr qnkd ‘mc drs‘akhrg sgd hmfit,
dmbd ne rnbh‘k‘ahkhshdr nm hs-Vd dwodbs+a‘rdc nm oqduhntr
›mchmfr Z32\+sg‘ssgd rdmrd ne oqdrdmbd hmbqd‘rdr he ‘ rxr,
sdl hr odqbdhudc sn g‘ud lnqd rnbh‘k‘ahkhshdr+‘mc sg‘sOdq,
bdhudc Dminxldmshmbqd‘rdr vgdm sghr rdmrd ne oqdrdmbd hr
edkslnqd hmsdmrdkx-Sn hmbktcd sghr bnmrsqtbshm sgd lncdk+‘
rdsne4 hsdlr vdqd cdudknodc+‘c‘osdc eqnl Z33\-
Odqbdhudc Rnbh‘ahkhsx Sghr bnmrsqtbsv‘r enqldc a‘rdc nm
ntq›mchmfr hm oqduhntr rstchdr Z34\vghbg ‘qd rtoonqsdc ax
qdk‘sdc rstchdr Z35+36\9ntqbnmrsqtbsneodqbdhudc rnbh‘ahk,
hsx l‘x ad tmhptd ‘r ‘ o‘qsne‘m ‘bbdos‘mbd lncdk+sgd mddc
enqrnbh‘k‘ahkhshdr enqqnansr sn etmbshnm ‘r ‘rrhrshud cduhbdr
g‘r addm drs‘akhrgdc hm d‘qkhdq rstchdr ‘r vdkk ‘r sgd mddc
enq rnbh‘k‘bbdos‘mbd ne qnansr ‘mc rbqddm ‘fdmsr-Vd bnm,
›qldc sghr hm ntq d‘qkhdq rstcx+vgdqd vd ‘ccdc ptdrshnmr
254
nm oqdrtldc rnbh‘k‘ahkhshdr sn ‘ khrsneTS@TS a‘rdc ptdr,
shnmr+‘rjdc sn nkcdq ‘ctksr sg‘sitrstrdc ‘m ‘rrhrshud rnbh‘k
qnansZ37\-Vd entmc sg‘ssgd rbnqdr nm sgd bnmrsqtbsenqldc
ax sgdrd ‘ccdc ptdrshnmr bnqqdk‘sdc vhsg ‘kk TS@TS bnm,
rsqtbsr cdlnmrsq‘shmf sg‘shsqdk‘sdr sn ‘rodbsr ne‘bbdos‘mbd-
Vd bnm›qldc sgdrd ›mchmfr hm ‘ k‘sdqdwodqhldms+vgdqd vd
entmc sgd bnmrsqtbssn ad ‘ cdsdqlhmhmf hmfitdmbd nm Rnbh‘k
Oqdrdmbd ‘mc Odqbdhudc Dminxldms-Etqsgdqlnqd+vd drs‘a,
khrgdc sg‘sSqtrs’rdd mdwso‘q‘fq‘og( g‘r hmfitdmbd nm sghr
bnmrsqtbs-Sgd ptdrshnmm‘hqd hsdlr enqOdqbdhudc Rnbh‘ahkhsx
vdqd a‘rdc nm sgd hsdlr sg‘soqnudc sn ad ‘ rnkhc bnmrsqtbs
hm ntqoqduhntr qdrd‘qbg Z34+37\-
Sqtrs Sgd bnmbdos ne Sqtrs mns nmkx dldqfdc eqnl ntq
nvm ›mchmfr Z18\+ hs hr ‘krn entmc hm rstchdr bnmbdqmhmf
qnans sdbgmnknfx Z20+38+4/\ ‘mc gtl‘m,qnans hmsdq‘bshnm
Z14+2/+40\-Sn hmbnqonq‘sd Sqtrshmsn sgd lncdk+svn hsdlr
vdqd cdudknodc sn ld‘rtqd sgd sqtrssgd trdqg‘r hm sgd qnans
‘mc sn vg‘sdwsdmssgd trdq hmsdmcr sn bnlokx sn sgd qnans&r
‘cuhbd ‘mc nm sgd m‘stqd ne gtl‘m,qnanshmsdq‘bshnm-Hm sgd
‘anud ldmshnmdc rstchdr+Sqtrs hr bk‘hldc sn g‘ud ‘ chqdbs
hmfitdmbd nm Hmsdmshnm sn Trd atshm ansg sxodr nerstchdr+hs
hr ‘krn qdk‘sdc sn dhsgdq rnbh‘k‘ahkhshdr nq rnbh‘kadg‘uhnq9‘
qnansnq rbqddm ‘fdmsvhsg lnqd rnbh‘k‘ahkhshdr hr rtoonrdc
sn f‘hm lnqd sqtrsax hsr trdqr-
Odqbdhudc @c‘oshuhsx @ o‘qshbtk‘q ed‘stqd ne lnrsbgqnmhb
bnmchshnmr sg‘sdkcdqkx odnokd sg‘smddc b‘qd rteedq eqnl hr
sg‘s sgdhq bnmchshnmr bg‘mfd nudq shld- Lnahkhsx l‘x hl,
oqnud ‘esdq ‘ gho qdok‘bdldms+gd‘qsbnmchshnm l‘x cdsdqhn,
q‘sd nqhloqnud ‘esdqbg‘mfdr hm ldchb‘shnm+dxdrhfgs+gd‘q,
hmf ‘mc cdldmsh‘ l‘x adbnld vnqrd nudq shld-Sgdqdenqd+
qdpthqdldmsr enq sgd sxod ne rtoonqssg‘shr mddcdc bg‘mfd
nudq shld- Hmsdkkhfdms ‘rrhrshud sdbgmnknfx vntkc mddc sn
‘c‘ossn sgdrd bg‘mfdr hm bnmchshnmr hm nqcdq sn oqnuhcd ‘o,
oqnoqh‘sd rtoonqs-Oqduhntr rstchdr sg‘s‘ccqdrr dkcdqkx trdqr
‘qftd sg‘s‘c‘oshudmdrr hr ‘m drrdmsh‘k‘rodbsne sdbgmnknfx
sg‘shr cdudknodc enq ‘fhmf trdqr Z41+42\-Enqkhyyhds‘k-hm,
bktcdc ‘c‘oshuhsx hm gdq cdrhfm fthcdkhmdr enq qnanshb oqnc,
tbsr sg‘s_rtoonqssgd dbnknfx ne ‘fhmf& Z43\-Hshr dwodbsdc
sg‘svgdm trdqr odqbdhud sgd rxrsdl sn ‘c‘ossn sgdhqbg‘mf,
hmf mddcr+ sgdx vhkk ›mc hs lnqd trdetk ‘mc vhkk ad lnqd
‘bbdoshmf snv‘qcr sgd rxrsdl-
2-2 Nudquhdv neBnmrsqtbsHmsdqqdk‘shnmr
Rtll‘qhyhmf ntq‘rrtloshnmr ‘r cdrbqhadc ‘anud+vd hcdm,
sh›dc 00 bnmrsqtbsr ‘r onsdmsh‘kchqdbscdsdqlhm‘msr neHmsdm,
shnm sn Trd nq@bst‘kTr‘fd-Nesgdrd bnmrsqtbsr+vd sgdnqhyd
6 sn ok‘x ‘ rhfmh›b‘msqnkd ‘r chqdbs cdsdqlhm‘msr ne Hmsdm,
shnm sn Trd ‘mc @bst‘k Tr‘fd9 Odqbdhudc Trdetkmdrr+ Odq,
bdhudc d‘rd ne Trd+ Odqbdhudc Dminxldms+ Sqtrs+ @sshstcd+
Rnbh‘k Hmfitdmbd ‘mc E‘bhkhs‘shmf Bnmchshnmr-@mwhdsx+Odq,
bdhudc Rnbh‘ahkhsx+Odqbdhudc Rnbh‘kOqdrdmbd ‘mc odqbdhudc