CHQDESKGKOME 

^X^HDH „ Ethiïîk Prmdårme

 

Hsth hakkf thd nkdk kabhtmvk prhperer pere k nkinursk

^X^HDH-enecâdmnk akgsmste.

Qhssegtedks quh k nkithòck chsth hakkf í rhsudmck h iîk chvh shr

useck nkd k mitumtk ch sh hstucer edpgedhith skarh ks thdes equm
prhshiths. Pkrteitk, hsth dethrmeg iîk nkithdpge tkces es mijkrdeïøhs
ihnhssårmes cureith e jkrdeïîk enecâdmne.

Micmnedks ek eguik quh

k usk cks nkithòcks iîk thdhd
prhshiths nkdk dhtenursks
ikssks shr eprkveck
ck pgeikihsth
PQK,nkinursk
ks quems
jkred hstruturecks pere rhjkrïk uimvhrsmtårmk
 

^XDÅQMK 
H^SQXSXQE CE PHGH ........................................................................................................................
................................................................ ........................................................ 3

UXHMDECXQE^ .................................................................................................................................... 3

HQMSQKCHQDME .................................................................................................................................
................................................................. .................................................................. 50

P^KQÄE^H .............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................ ................................................................. 51

PÒQPXQE JXGDMIEI^ ..............................................................................................

.............................. .....................................................................................
..................... 15

XQSMNÅQME EOXCE ...............................................................................................................

.............................................. ............................................................................
........... 18
 

H^SQXSXQE CE PHGH

UXHMDECXQE^

MISQKCXÏÎK
Es quhmdecures nkistmtuhd ud mdpkrteith prkaghde ch seòch ik Aresmg. Uuesh
dhtech cks nesks hivkgvh e pertmnmpeïîk ch nrmeiïes, shick es knkrrâinmes pkr
hsnegcedhitks h pkr vmkgâinme ckdístmne es dems nkduis ihssh orupk. Ks mcksks
tedaíd nkdprhhichd ud orupk ch rmsnk egtk, chvmck à dhikr nepenmcech ch
rheïîk h às gmdmteïøhs jäsmnes.
 

Es ghsøhs hd nkishquâinme ch quhmdecures sîk rhspkisåvhms pkr oreich perth

cks jhrmdhitks h þamtks chnkrrhiths ch neuses hxthries ik Aresmg, essmd nkdk
iudhrksks ejestedhitks
ejestedhitks ck treaeglk, egíd ch shquhges juinmkiems h hstítmnes, tems
nkdk nmnetrmzhs lmphrtrþjmnes, prminmpegdhith ie pkpugeïîk desnugmie.

Pkr chjmimïîk, e quhmdecure í ude jhrmce treudåtmne nkd e chstrumïîk pernmeg ku

tkteg ce phgh h shus eihxks, pkchick enkdhthr nedeces dems prkjuices nkdk
thnmck nhguger suanutáihk, dòsnugks, thicøhs h kssks. Pkch shr neusece pkr
treude tírdmnk, hgítrmnk, quädmnk ku recmketmvk.

NGÄIMNE

Ngmimnedhith, es quhmdecures pkchd vermer chsch ghsøhs hrmthdetkses etí jkrdes

orevhs nepezhs ch chshinecher rhspkste smstâdmne (prkpkrnmkieg à hxthisîk h
prkjuicmcech ce ghsîk).

Ngessmjmneïîk ces quhmdecures2

Oreus2 chthrdmier k oreu ce quhmdecure smoimjmne chjmimr e prkjuicmcech ce ghsîk

Oreus2 
ie phgh. Ngessmnedhith, pkch shr hiquecrece hd trâs oreus2

  5² Oreu2 
• Oreu2 Enkdhth e nedece dems hxthrie ce phgh (e hpmchrdh). Iîk prkvkne
egthreïøhs lhdkcmiádmnes. E ghsîk í hrmthdetkse, quhith h ckgkrkse.
Hxhdpgk2 quhmdecure skger.

  1² Oreu2 
• Oreu2  Pkch shr ngessmjmnece hd suphrjmnmeg h prkjuice.1² oreu suphrjmnmeg
(ku quhmdecure ch hsphssure pernmeg suphrjmnmeg)2 enkdhth tkce e hpmchrdh
h perth ce chrdh, nkishrveick rezkåvhg queitmcech ch eihxks (jkgänugks
pmgksks h ogáicuges suckräperes). Ngmimnedhith, vhdks akgles, hrmthde,
hxsuceïîk h ckr mithise. Uueick es akgles sh rkdphd, vmsuegmzedks ude
suphrjänmh rþshe h òdmce nkd hrksîk ku ugnhreïîk. Hd 53 e 15 cmes, knkrrh
rhnkistmtumïîk tkteg ce phgh, nkd däimde jkrdeïîk ch nmnetrmzhs. Hxhdpgk2
quhmdecure pkr gäqumck suphrequhnmck.
 

  1² oreu prkjuice (ku quhmdecure ch hsphssure pernmeg prkjuice)2 

• prkjuice)2  chstrþm
quesh tkce e chrdh, nkdprkdhthick ks eihxks. Pkssum nkrkgeïîk dems
pågmce, í dhiks ckgkrkse h prkvkne demkr rhphrnussîk smstâdmne. Hdakre
pksse knkrrhr rhsteureïîk epþs 15 ces, k hpmtígmk rhníd jkrdeck í dumtk
jrmåvhg, pkchick nurser nkd ugnhreïîk rhnkrrhith h jkrth thicâinme à
nmnetrmzeïîk lmphrtrþjmne h jkrdeïîk ch nkitretures nmnetrmnmems. Pkr mssk, k
tretedhitk usueg pkch hxmomr hxnmsîk teiohinmeg h hixhrtme ch phgh. Hxhdpgks2
quhmdecure pkr gäqumck suphrequhnmce, pkr mdhrsîk ku pkr nlede cmrhte.

  >² oreu2 
• oreu2  enkdhth tkces es nedeces ce phgh. E ghsîk ngmimnedhith í shne,
areine ienerece (phrkgece), nkd rhcuïîk ce hgestmnmcech thnmcueg, k quh e
tkrie räomce. Pkch eprhshiter vesks seiouäihks trkdaksecks vmsävhms. Ch tîk
prkjuice, chstrþm es thrdmieïøhs ihrvkses h, pkr mssk, í mickgkr. Hd egouis
nesks, nkdk ies ghsøhs hgítrmnes, pkch enkdhthr thnmck nhguger suanutáihk,
thisøhs, gmoedhitks h dòsnugks, pkchick nlhoer etí ks kssks. Hssh oreu ch
quhmdecure iîk rhhpmthgmze h í ihnhssårme hixhrtme ch phgh.
Kashrveïîk2 Es ghsøhs hgítrmnes pkchd ghver e dutmgeïøhs, shick ngessmjmneces pkr
egouis eutkrhs nkdk ghsîk ch 3² oreu, essmd nkdk es århes nerakimzeces.

Hxthisîk2   chvhdks tedaíd negnuger e hxthisîk ce quhmdecure. Pere hjhmtk ch

Hxthisîk2
någnugk, sîk nkismchreces ephies es quhmdecures ch 1² h >² oreus.

Xd cks dítkcks dems usecks chvmck e pretmnmcech h jenmg dhdkrmzeïîk í e "Qhore

cks Ikvh" ch _eggenh. Hdakre iîk shbe dumtk prhnmsk, pkch shr utmgmzeck ie

prmdhmre chthrdmieïîk ce hxthisîk ce århe quhmdece. E hxthisîk etmiomce í e

nledece suphrjänmh nkrpkreg quhmdece (^NU).

"Qhore cks Ikvh"2 nkismsth ie cmvmsîk ck nkrpk hd dògtmpgks ch =, nkijkrdh e

jmoure 5. E neahïe hqumvegh e =%, nece dhdark suphrmkr e =%, e perth eithrmkr ck
trkink e 5<%, e perth pksthrmkr ck trkink e 5<%, nece dhdark mijhrmkr e 5<% h
k phräihk e 5%. Nkdk es suphrjänmhs nkrpkrems pernmems ces nrmeiïes sîk
 

prkpkrnmkiegdhith cmjhrhiths ces cks ecugtks, utmgmze-sh ihges e "rhore cks ikvh
dkcmjmnece pere nrmeiïes" (jmoure 1). E pertmr ce puahrcech, nkismchre-sh e
suphrjänmh nkrpkreg ce nrmeiïe shdhgleith à ck ecugtk.

Jmoure 5  Qhore cks Ikvh (ecugtks)

„ Jmoure 1  Qhore cks Ikvh (nrmeiïes)
„

Pere hstmder e hxthisîk ch quhmdecures mrrhougerdhith cmstrmauäces, pkchdks

user e suphrjänmh pegder nkdk perádhtrk, nkismchreick quh hge nkrrhspkich e
eprkxmdecedhith 5% ce suphrjänmh nkrpkreg tkteg.

K dítkck des epureck pere k någnugk ce århe nkrpkreg í k hsquhde ch Guic-

Arkwchr, quh ghve hd nkismchreïîk es vermeïøhs ch prkpkrïøhs ck nkrpk ch
enkrck nkd jemxes ch mcech (5 eik, 5 e 3 eiks, 8 e = eiks, 50 e 5: eiks h ecugtk).
Nkd k eudhitk ce mcech, es nkxes h phries oeiled demkr århe nkrpkreg hiqueitk
e neahïe pesse e thr dhikr pkrnhiteohd.

Ks chdems shodhitks nkrpkrems iîk cmjhrhd hitrh es mcechs.

 

OQEZMCECH2

^îk nkismchreces quhmdecures orevhs2

  Hxthisîk/prkjuicmcech demkr quh 58-10% ch ^NU hd ecugtks h demkr

•

quh 50% ch ^NU hd nrmeiïes6Mcech dhikr ck quh > eiks ku demkr ck

quh :8 eiks6
•  Prhshiïe ch ghsîk miegetþrme6
•  Pkgmtreude h ckhiïes prívmes essknmeces6
•  Uuhmdecure quädmne ku hgítrmnes6
•  Uuhmdecures hd århes ikarhs2 jenh, dîks, pís, ohimtems h ertmnugeïøhs6
•  Zmkgâinme, deus-tretks, thitetmve ch eutkhxthrdäimk (sumnäcmk).

SQESEDHISK

Nkicutes prí-lkspmtegerhs2

5.  Eprkxmdeïîk shoure2 eprkxmder-sh ch jkrde shoure h ejester k penmhith

ce jkith ch hdmssîk ch negkr.

1.  Mithrrupïîk ck prknhssk ch quhmdecure2 rhsjrmedhitk ce århe quhmdece

(ephies epþs k enmchith) pkch shr jhmtk hivkgvhick e vätmde nkd ud ghiïkg
hdahamck hd åoue jrme, agkquheick e kice ch negkr quh nkitmiue eomick
ik thnmck quhmdeck pkr egouis dmiutks. E åoue iîk chvh hster ohgece pkms
pkch prkvkner lmpkthrdme h e thdphreture edamhith bå sh hinkitre ahd
eaemxk ce thdphreture ck thnmck quhmdeck. Hsth prknhcmdhitk chvh curer
ephies egouis dmiutks h mdhcmetedhith epþs k penmhith chvh shr nkahrtk
nkd ghiïkg shnk pere hvmter lmpkthrdme. Es vhsths chvhd shr rhtmreces,
chsch quh iîk echrmces à phgh. 
 

Sretedhitk lkspmteger2
E evegmeïîk mimnmeg ck penmhith quhmdeck chvh shoumr k EANCH ck treude.

  E (emrwey wmtl nhrvmneg spmih nkitrkg)  oereitmr e phrdheamgmcech ces vmes

• „

århes. E mituaeïîk
quhmdecures jenmemsí hxthises
rhnkdhicece hd nesks chnmrnugerhs
h quhmdecures miegeïîk ck
ch phsnkïk
judeïe,
(smtueïøhs hd quh pkch skarhvmr hchde tercmk nkd kastruïîk ces vmes
rhspmretþrmes).

  A (arhetlmio)
•   kashrver pecrîk rhspmretþrmk h shdprh quh egthreck
„

prknhchr nkd e mituaeïîk.

  N (nmrnugetmki)  ks penmhiths nkd quhmdecures orevhs eprhshited ude

• „

rhspkste mijgedetþrme smstâdmne h phrce läcrmne phge phgh quhmdece, quh

pkchd ghver à lmpkthisîk h då phrjusîk. E lmcreteïîk prhnknh h vmokrkse
í hsshinmeg. Srecmnmkiegdhith, e jþrduge ch Perfgeic (> e 3 dG x phsk (fo)
x %^NU) í e dems utmgmzece pere någnugk ce ihnhssmcech läcrmne h e skguïîk
rhnkdhicece hd ecugtks í k Qmiohr Gentetk. Pkríd, hd 105<, pere hvmter
hpmsþcmks ch lmphr-lmcreteïîk, k ESG^ rhnkdhice ude etuegmzeïîk ce
jþrduge pere 1 dg x phsk (fo) x %^NU. Dhtech chssh vkgudh chvh shr jhmtk
hd < lkres h e kutre dhtech ies 5: lkres shoumiths. Chpkms cmssk, e
rhnkdhiceïîk í eiegmser e cmurhsh h user ude mijusîk ch vkgudh quh
deithile cíamtk urmiårmk 9 0,8 dg/fo/l.

  C (ihurkgkomneg cmseamgmty)   vhrmjmner k iävhg ch nkisnmâinme h evegmer sh

• „

lkuvh treudetmsdk nreimeik nkinkdmteith.

  H (hxpksurh)
•   chvh-sh hxpkr tkce e suphrjänmh nkrpkreg. Es rkupes h
„

enhssþrmks chvhd shr rhdkvmcks. Uuhmdecures quädmnes chvhd shr

geveces eauiceithdhith (prkcutks quädmnks hd pþ chvhd shr rhtmrecks
ce phgh eiths ch sh gever e århe quhmdece). Epþs, k penmhith chvh shr
nkahrtk nkd peik gmdpk h shnk.

Pkr jmd, iîk pkchdks hsquhnhr ch vhrmjmner e mduimzeïîk eitmthtáimne h evegmer e

ihnhssmcech ch prkjmgexme ch títeik.
 

HQMSQKCHQDME

MISQKCXÏÎK
Í ud quecrk smicródmnk nerenthrmzeck pkr hrupïîk uimvhrseg hrmthdetkse h
chsnedetmve, enkdhthick phgk dhiks <0-=0% ce suphrjänmh nkrpkreg, nkd nhrtk
oreu ch hchde h prurmck quesh shdprh prhshith, nkd mithismcech vermåvhg.

Shd cmvhrses htmkgkomes, shick e pskräesh e prminmpeg neuse. Í dems jrhquhith ik

ecugtk, nkd prhjhrâinme phgk shxk desnugmik.

HSMKPESKOHIME

E säicrkdh pkch suromr pkr trâs orupks ch neuses2

5.  Ie demkr perth cks nesks, sh mistege e pertmr ch ckhiïes prhhxmsthiths,

shick e pskräesh e prminmpeg neuse, shoumce phgks hnzhdes (prminmpegdhith
k etþpmnk).

1.  Pkch suromr pkr rheïîk ch lmphrshismamgmcech e dhcmnedhitks, nkd

chstequh pere e sugjkiedmce h chrmvecks, egkpurmkikg, eitmamþtmnks
(skarhtuck ahte-gentádmnks), eitmnkivugsmveiths erkdåtmnks
(neraedezhpmie,, jhikaeramteg, jhimtkäie), sems ch kurk h EMIHs.
(neraedezhpmie

>.  Sedaíd pkch prhnhchr ku sunhchr ud gmijkde nutáihk ch níguges S

(pertmnugerdhith dmnksh juiokmch h säicrkdh ch ^ízery).

NGÄIMNE
Eperhnmdhitk suamck ku mismcmksk ch hrmthde ohihregmzeck, enkdpeileck ch
chsnedeïîk enkdhthick <0-=0% ce suphrjänmh nutáihe. Es hsnedes pkchd shr
jurjurånhes ku jkgmånhes. Pkch knkrrhr egkpínme cmsnrhte ku mithise.
 

Lå hchde hd oreu vermåvhg h jkrth prurmck, k quh ghve e århes ch gmquhimjmneïîk h,

hvhituegdhith, hsnkrmeïîk nkd knesmkieg mijhnïîk.

Phge phrie ch nkitmiumcech hd ude oreich århe nutáihe, k penmhith pkch thr

smitkdes smstâdmnks nkdk läphr ku lmpkthrdme (phgk cmstòramk ie

thrdkrrhougeïîk), tequmnercme h jegâinme nercäene (phgk eudhitk ck jguxk
seiouäihk pere e phgh h phgk eudhitk ces phrces läcrmnes mishisävhms), hchde ch
dhdarks mijhrmkrhs shnuicårmk à phrie prkthmne (phgk demkr turi-kvhr nhguger ie
phgh), gmijkikckdhoegme h lhpetkhspghikdhoe
lhpetkhspghikdhoegme.
gme.

Pkchd knkrrhr nkdpgmneïøhs aenthrmeies nkdk pmkchrdmth, pihudkime h etí

dhsdk shpsh.

CMEOIÞ^SMNK
K cmeoiþstmnk ce säicrkdh í ngäimnk, shick k hghdhitk prminmpeg e lmstþrme ngäimne.
K hxedh lmstkpetkgþomnk pkch euxmgmer ie mchitmjmneïîk ce htmkgkome.
Geakretkrmegdhith, pkch levhr eihdme, hksmikjmgme, gmijknmtksh, ZL^ eudhiteck,
lmpkprkthmihdme h eudhitk ce MoH sírmne.

SQESEDHISK
Í juicedhiteg e rhpereïîk cks hqumgäarmks kinþtmnk h hghtrkgätmnk. K tretedhitk
chvh shr oumeck phgk quecrk ngäimnk h htmkgkome. Nkrtmnkmchs smstâdmnks pkchd shr
usecks hd nesks shghnmkiecks, prminmpegdhith iequhghs rhgenmkiecks nkd
dhcmnedhitks.

Mijhnïøhs shnuicårmes chvhd shr treteces nkd eitmamþtmnks smstâdmnks. Eitm-

lmstedäimnks shcetmvks sîk mdpkrteiths vmstk quh k prurmck hd ohreg í dumtk
mithisk.

Eohiths mduiksssuprhskrhs, nmtkståtmnks, rhrmikmchs smstâdmnks h mduikamkgþomnks

sîk micmnecks ch enkrck nkd e ckhiïe ch aesh.
 

Pere usk tþpmnk, í micmneck k usk ch hdkgmhiths, nkdprhsses òdmces h,

hvhituegdhith, nkstmnksthrkmchs ch aemxe pktâinme. K usk ch dhcmneïøhs tþpmnes
chvh shr jhmtk nkd neuthge ude vhz quh e juiïîk ch aerrhmre ce phgh hstå
nkdprkdhtmce h pkr mssk pkch levhr oreich easkrïîk treisnutáihe.

P^KQÄE^H

MISQKCXÏÎK
E pskräesh í ude ckhiïe mijgedetþrme nróimne h rhnkrrhith. Enkdhth e phgh,
ngessmnedhith nkd e jkrdeïîk ch pgenes hrmthdetkses h hsnedkses smdítrmnes,
des tedaíd pkch thr deimjhsteïøhs ertmnugerhs, quh í k nesk ce ertrmth pskrmåsmne.

Í ude ces ckhiïes ch phgh dems nkduis, uimvhrseg, ejhteick nhrne ch 1->% ce
pkpugeïîk h enkdhth edaks ks shxks mouegdhith. Í dems nkdud ie reïe areine
h pkch knkrrhr hd quegquhr jesh ce vmce, des hxmsthd ckms pmnks ch minmcâinme2 k
prmdhmrk hitrh ks 10- >0 eiks h k shouick hitrh ks 80-:0 eiks ch mcech.

HSMKPESKOHIME

Ephser ch sue htmkpetkohime emice iîk shr nkdpghtedhith nkilhnmce, hxmsthd

egouis pmgerhs quh sîk juicedhitems pere k hithicmdhitk chsse ckhiïe.

Ohiítmne2 ^eahdks quh hxmsth ude mijguâinme jkrth, ude vhz quh k lmstþrmnk
Ohiítmne2
jedmgmeg pkch shr mchitmjmneck hd etí =0% cks nesks. K dkchgk quh dhglkr perhnh
hxpgmner e pskräesh í ch ude lhreiïe pkgmoâimne.

Hstucks rhnhiths rhvhgered gknm ch susnhptmamgmcech pere e pskräesh, ku shbe,

rhomøhs hd nrkdksskdks quh pkssuhd ohihs rhgenmkiecks à pskräesh, quh sîk
nledecks ch P^KQ^. Ks P^KQ^ hstîk gknegmzecks iks nrkdksskdks :p (areïk
nurtk ck nrkdksskdk :) h iks areïks gkioks cks nrkdksskdks 5?, 3 h 5. Des k
dems mdpkrteith, rhspkisåvhg pkr 80% ce lhrceamgmcech ce ckhiïe, í k P^KQ^ 5,
 

quh hstå gknegmzeck ik nrkdksskde :, chitrk ck DLN 5, shick hsse ude rhomîk
quh pkssum phgk dhiks chz ohihs nkd jkrth essknmeïîk hitrh shus pkgmdkrjmsdks
h pskräesh. K prminmpeg ohih í k LGE-Nw:, des tedaíd sh seah ch essknmeïîk
nkd vårmks kutrks LGEs, nkdk LGE-A5>, A5?, A>?, A_5:, CQ?, A3:, A8?, N_5

H CU=.

Aesheck hd kashrveïøhs ngäimnes h tmpeohd ck LGE, Lhishghi h Nrmstkplhrs, hd

5=<8, cmvmcmred e pskräesh hd pgene hd ckms orupks2

  Smpk M2 
• M2  ch miänmk prhnknh (eiths cks >0/30 eiks), nkd lmstþrme jedmgmeg
pksmtmve jrhquhith, essknmeïîk nkd k LGE-Nw: c nkd ud nursk dems
miståvhg h dems orevh6

  Smpk MM2 
• MM2 jkrde dhiks orevh, ch miänmk dems tercmk, epþs ks >0/30 eiks, aemxe

jrhquâinme ch lmstþrme
nursk dems hståvhg jedmgmeg, aemxe essknmeïîk nkd LGE, shoumick ud
ce ckhiïe.

Jetkrhs edamhitems2 E pskräesh pkssum ude jkrth mijguâinme ch jetkrhs edamhitems,

quh pkchd shr oetmglks pere k suromdhitk ku pere k eorevedhitk ce ckhiïe.

  Sreude2
• Sreude2   k jetkr dems nkilhnmck í k treude, quh pkch ghver ek
chshinechedhitk ch ghsøhs hd århes sîs. Hssh jhiódhik ch
eperhnmdhitk ch ghsîk hd århe prhvmedhith sî í nkilhnmck nkdk
jhiódhik ch Fkhaihr Hxmsth k jhiódhik ch Qhiakf, ku Fkhaihr rhvhrsk,
hd quh ud treude gkneg e ude pgene ch pskräesh rhsugte ik
chseperhnmdhitk ce ghsîk. Zegh rhssegter quh hsshs ckms jhiódhiks sîk
hxngusmvks, ku shbe, quhd thd ud, iîk thd k kutrk.

  Mijhnïøhs2
• Mijhnïøhs2   pkchd chshinecher ku eorever e pskräesh, prminmpegdhith es
aenthrmeies. Es dems rhghveiths sîk es mijhnïøhs hstrhptknþnmnes,
prminmpegdhith jermiomth.
 

  Jetkrhs dhteaþgmnks/hicþnrmiks2 
• dhteaþgmnks/hicþnrmiks2 lmpknegnhdme í ud jetkr chshinecheckr
ce pskräesh pustuger ohihregmzece h k lmpktmrhkmcmsdk ce pustugkse pegdk-
pgeiter.

  Dhcmnedhitks2
• Dhcmnedhitks2   chstened-sh ks mduikamkgþomnks (pkr hjhmtk pereckxeg),
ahte-agkquheckrhs, EMIH^ (iîk shghtmvks prminmpegdhith), gätmk,
eitmdegårmnks, nkrtmnkmchs (prminmpegdhith pkr usk miechqueck), mHNE, hitrh
kutrks.

  Låamtks ch vmce2 
• vmce2  tedaíd mithrjhrhd ik nursk ce ckhiïe, prminmpegdhith
ågnkkg, judk, kahsmcech h hstrhssh.

Mduikdhcmeïîk2 ^eahdks quh e pskräesh í ude ckhiïe mduikdhcmece h iîk

eutkmduih, ude vhz quh emice iîk jkm hinkitreck ihilud eitmnkrpk hsphnäjmnk.
Ie pskräesh, k smsthde mduikgþomnk í etmveck ch jkrde chskrchiece, hivkgvhick
k smsthdes mduih mietk h eceptetmvk. Knkrrh ude säithsh hxeohrece ch jetkrhs
prþ-mijgedetþrmes, quh neused egthreïîk ce phrdheamgmcech vesnuger, ghseick e
aerrhmre nutáihe h hstmdugeick e qumdmktexme, thick nkdk rhsugteck e mijgedeïîk
ck thnmck egvk. Hxmsth e pertmnmpeïîk ce rhspkste Sl5, Sl5? h Sl11, nkd gmahreïîk
ch jetkrhs ch nrhsnmdhitk, ghveick e phgh e ud hsteck ch lmphrpkrgmjhreïîk.
Hiqueitk ie phgh ikrdeg, ks quhretmiþnmtks chdkred eprkxmdecedhith 1< cmes
pere nkdpghterhd shu nmngk, ie pskräesh chdkred ephies 8 cmes.

NGÄIMNE
Es ghsøhs täpmnes ch pskräesh sîk ghsîk hrmthdetkses, chsnedetmves (nkd es
hsnedes eroâimnes, ku shbe, pretheces), hd pgenes ahd chgmdmteces. Hd ohreg, es
ghsøhs sîk amgethrems smdítrmnes. H, pkr vhzhs, pkssuhd ud legk phrmjírmnk ngerk,
quh í k legk ch _krkikjj. Ephser ch iîk shr nerenthrästmnk, dumtks penmhiths sh
quhmxed ch prurmck ies ghsøhs etmves.
 

H thdks tedaíd pere iks euxmgmer ik cmeoiþstmnk k smieg ch Euspmtz. E nurhteohd

dhtþcmne ch Arknq í e deikare shdmkgþomne quh nerenthrmze e pgene pskrmåsmne,
ephser ch iîk shr petkoikdóimne2 ik prmdhmrk dkdhitk, nurhteick-sh e pgene,
chstened-sh es hsnedes areines ienereces, hstretmjmneces (smieg ce vhge),

suromick e shoumr ude dhdareie areine treisperhith, quh ude vhz nurhtece cå
guoer e ud seioredhitk puitmjkrdh ku krveglk seiouäihk, nledeck smieg ch
Euspmtz.

E pskräesh pkch thr cmvhrses jkrdes ngäimnes2

Zugoer ku hd pgenes2 í e jkrde ngåssmne, hd quh thdks pgenes

hrmthdetkhsnedkses,
hrmthdetkhsnedks es, ahd chgmdmteces, nkd vermecks oreus ch mijmgtreïîk. Hd ohreg
smdítrmnes, ies jenhs hxthiskses cks dhdarks, nkurk neahguck h rhomîk senre.

Outete ku hd oktes ku hruptmve2 í dems nkdud hd nrmeiïes, eckhgsnhiths h

ecugtks bkvhis. Knkrrh k eperhnmdhitk sòamtk ch påpuges hrmthdetkchsnedetmves
ch 0,8 e 5nd ch cmádhtrk, ohregdhith gknegmzece ik trkink h remz cks dhdarks.
Nerenthrmstmnedhith,
Nerenthrmstmnedhi th, í prhnhcmce pkr ude mijhnïîk hstrhptknþnmne, nkdudhith ch
vmes eírhes suphrmkrhs, h nkstude rhskgvhr hspkiteihedhith epþs 1 e > dhshs,
pkríd, pkch enkithnhr ch es ghsøhs phrsmstmrhd h eudhiterhd ch tedeilk,
tkdeick es nerenthrästmnes ce pskräesh hd pgenes.

Pustugkse2 pkch shr ohihregmzece ku gknegmzece. K penmhith pkch thr smitkdes

ohrems nkdk jharh, deg hster, esthime h iåushe. E ohihregmzece pkch knkrrhr hd
ohsteith, quh í nledece ch mdphtmok lhrphtmjkrdh ku pskräesh pustugkse
ohihregmzece ce ohsteïîk ku hd iîk ohsteiths, quh í nledece ch Pskräesh ch
Zki Rudausnl. Í dernece phge prhshiïe ch dògtmpges pòstuges cmdmiutes (1-
>dd) hd aesh hrmthdetkse, shick es pòstuges hstírhms. Jetkrhs chshinecheiths
pkchd shr ohsteïîk, cmdmiumïîk arusne ch nkrtmnkmch, mijhnïøhs, lmpknegnhdme,
hitrh kutrks.
 

Es jkrdes gknegmzeces sîk2 Enrkchrdetmth ch Leggkpheu, quh knkrrh ies

dîks,, h e Pskräesh Pustugkse Pegdkpgeiter, quh í
hxtrhdmcechs cks chcks ces dîks
dernece pkr surtks ch dògtmpges pòstuges ie rhomîk nhitreg pegdkpgeiter h nevk
pgeiter.

Hrmtrkcírdmne2 Hrmtrkchrdme í e prhshiïe ch hrmthde h chsnedeïîk hd dems ch

<0-=0% ce suphrjänmh nkrpkreg, chphichick ck eutkr. K quh vhdks ie pskräesh í
ud hrmthde mithisk, uimvhrseg, nkd chsnedeïîk vermåvhg. Pkch knkrrhr ie
hvkguïîk ietureg ce ckhiïe ku, dems jrhquhithdhith, epþs threpmes
mithdphstmves, mithrrupïîk ck nkrtmnkmch smstâdmnk ku hd penmhiths nkd EMC^. K
hdmihith rmsnk ch nlkquh nercmkvesnuger h dhsdk síptmnk tkrie hsths ckhiths
hxtrhdedhith orevhs, chdeiceick mdhcmete mithrieïîk h prkite mithrvhiïîk
threpâutmne essknmece e dhcmces ch supkrth.

Mivhrtmce2 ks sätmks dems jrhquhiths sîk jenhs jghxkres (rhomîk mioumieg,

mijrededårme, exmger prminmpegdhith), rhomîk rhtrkeurmnuger h rhomîk eikohimteg. Iîk
lå dumte chsnedeïîk pkrquh sîk århes dems lmcreteces. Dems jrhquhith hd
ihorks h LMZ (+). Pkch levhr prhshiïe ch phquhies jmssures.

Nhretkcírdmne (pegdk-pgeiter)2 Dems nkdud hd ecugtks. Eprhshite iätmce

chgmdmteïîk h smdhtrme ces pgenes h mithise lmphrnhretksh nkd ku shd jmssures,
thichick e pkuper k nevk pgeiter.

Xiouheg2 k quecrk ngäimnk ce pskräesh uiouheg í hxtrhdedhith vermåvhg, pkchick

shr orevh, enkdhthick es 10 uiles ku sh rhstrmiomr e jkrde ghvh. K dems nkdud
í e prhshiïe ch pmttmios, quh sîk chprhssøhs nupmgmjkrdhs, prminmpegdhith ies
dîks. Shd jkrth essknmeïîk nkd ertrkpetme (<0-=0%).

Ertrkpåtmne (ertrmth pskrmåsmne)2 í ude jkrde ch ertrmth skrkihoetmve, hinkitrece

hd etí 30% cks penmhiths pkrteckrhs ch pskräesh. Shd essknmeïîk
prminmpegdhith nkd k LGE-Nw:. Enkdhth > hstrutures prhckdmieithdhith2 es
âithshs (sätmk ch mishrïîk ck thicîk ik kssk), quh í k gkneg ch miänmk, es smiþvmes h
 

es ertmnugeïøhs phrmjírmnes h hspmilems/ senrkmgäenes. Pkch shr ngessmjmnece hd

quetrk jkrdes2

5.  Dkik ku kgmokertmnuger essmdítrmne2 vermeith dems nkdud, hd quh sh thd

mijgedeïîk ces ertmnugeïøhs mithrjegeioheies prkxmdems h cmstems,

prminmpegdhith ces dîks. Cmjhrhith ce ertrmth rhudetkmch, k enkdhtmdhitk
ch dhtenerpkjegeiheies í minkdud.

1.  ^mdítrmne2 hivkgvmdhitk pkgmertmnuger smdítrmnk ch phquhies h dícmes

ertmnugeïøhs, aesteith shdhgleith à EQ.

>.  Exmeg2 enkdhth nkguie vhrthareg h/ku ertmnugeïîk senrkmgäene, des tedaíd
pkch thr enkdhtmdhitk ertmnuger phrmjírmnk essknmeck. Ks ckhiths
ohregdhith sîk LGE-A1? pksmtmve h pkchd eprhshiter nkinkdmteithdhith
nkinkdmteithdhith
ckhiïe mijgedetþrme mithstmieM h uvhäth.

3.  Dutmgeith2 vermeith dems rere. Ks penmhiths eprhshited ertrmth ch hvkguïîk

råpmce h orevh, nkd chstrumïîk ertmnuger h chjkrdmcechs phrdeihiths.

Nrmtírmks NE^PEQ pere Ertrmth Pskrmåsmne (100:)

Ckhiïe ertmnuger mijgedetþrme hsteahghnmce + phgk dhiks trâs

pkitks iks shoumiths nrmtírmks2 

Pskräesh nutáihe etueg 1 pkitks

Lmstþrme ch pskräesh 5 pkitk

Lmstþrme jedmgmer ch pskräesh 5 pkitk

Centmgmth 5 pkitk

Ihkjkrdeïîk þsshe buste-ertmnuger 5 pkitk

Jetkr rhudetkmch ihoetmvk 5 pkitk

 

Hd 100: jkm rhegmzeck ud hsnkrh pere cmeoiþstmnk ch Ertrmth Pskrmåsmne, quh sîk
ks nrmtírmks Nesper. Hssh hsnkrh thite eudhiter e shismamgmcech h hsphnmjmnmcech
ck cmeoiþstmnk.

CMEOIÞ^SMNK
K cmeoiþstmnk ce pskräesh í ngäimnk. Hd ohreg, iîk rhquhr nkdpghdhiteïîk
geakretkrmeg. Chvhdks ghdarer ce nurhteohd ch Arknq, quh thd oreich vegkr
shdmkgþomnk.

Nesk ihnhssårmk, pkch-sh rhegmzer amþpsme ch ude ghsîk pere eiågmsh

lmstkpetkgþomne.. Ks prminmpems enlecks sîk2 perenhretksh (prhshiïe ch iònghks ie
lmstkpetkgþomne
nedece nþrihe), eneitksh rhouger (hsphssedhitk ce hpmchrdh), echgoeïedhitk
suprepepmger, pepmgkdetksh (hghveïîk ce suphrjänmh neusece pkr lmphrpgesme h
eudhitk ces pepmges círdmnes), hntesme ch vesks, pòstuge hspkiomksmjkrdh ch
Fkokb (enòdugk ch ihutrþjmgks eaemxk ce nþrihe) h dmnrkeasnhssk ch Duirk
(enòdugk ch ihutrþjmgks ie edece nþrihe).

SQESEDHISK
E pskräesh í ude ckhiïe ch hvkguïîk nróimne, h quegquhr tretedhitk chvh ghver
hd nkismchreïîk e ihnhssmcech ck usk prkgkioeck ch dhcmnedhitks. E
eakrceohd threpâutmne chvh shr micmvmcuegmzece, chphichick iîk skdhith k tmpk
ngäimnk h e hxthisîk ce ckhiïe, des tedaíd nerenthrästmnes nkdk mcech, shxk,
knupeïîk, dktmveïîk phsskeg h kutrks prkaghdes ch seòch Hxmsthd cmvhrses
kpïøhs threpâutmnes pere e pskräesh, nkd vermecks dhneimsdks ch eïîk, pkchick
mithrjhrmr hd cmjhrhiths pkitks ce nechme mduikgþomne rhspkisåvhg phge ckhiïe ku
nkd eïîk ephies skarh e prkgmjhreïîk cks quhretmiþnmtks. K tretedhitk sh jez phgk
usk ch dhcmneïøhs tþpmnes, jktkthrepme h crkoes ch usk smstâdmnk.
 

DHCMNEÏØH^ SÞPMNE^

nhretkgätmnks2  nkdk dhcmce ohreg, rhnkdhice-sh k usk ch þghks ku

Hdkgmhiths h nhretkgätmnks2 
kutrks hdmgmhiths pere e ebucer ie rhdkïîk ch hsnedes h deithr e phgh lmcretece.

Chrmvecks ck egnetrîk (nkegter h GNC)2 GNC)2  eohd mimamick e prkgmjhreïîk cks

quhretmiþnmtks, egíd ch thr hjhmtk eitm-mijgedetþrmk. K nkegter thd eïîk ahiíjmne
prminmpegdhith queick essknmeck à jktkthrepme, quh í k nledeck dítkck ch
Okhnfhrdei.

Eitregmie2  í ud chrmveck ck eitrenhik h enrhcmte-sh quh shu hjhmtk shbe

Eitregmie2 
nmtkståtmnk, rhcuzmick e etmvmcech dmtþtmne ces níguges hpmcírdmnes pskrmåsmnes.

Negnmpktrmkg2 
Negnmpktrmkg2  í ud eiågkok ce vmtedmie C>, cmdmium e prkgmjhreïîk h micuz e
cmjhrhinmeïîk cks quhretmiþnmtks, egíd ch dkcmjmner e rhspkste mduikgþomne.

Mimamckrhs ce negnmihurmie (tenrkgmdus h pmdhnrkgmdus)2 

pmdhnrkgmdus)2  sîk mduikdkcugeckrhs
tþpmnks.

tþpmnks2   ks nkrtmnkmchs tâd eïîk eitmprkgmjhretmve, eitm-mijgedetþrme,

Nkrtmnkmchs tþpmnks2
mduikssuprhsskre h eitmprurmomikse, k quh ks tkrie hxnhghiths hsnkgles pere e
pskräesh. Pkríd, seah-sh quh hxmsth ude nleinh ch rhakth h pkssuhd hjhmtks
nkgethrems nkdk etrkjme ce phgh h thgeiomhntecmes, shick pkr mssk utmgmzecks ks ch
aemxe ku dícme pktâinme pere thiter dmimdmzer hsshs hjhmtks. Pkrteitk, pkchd shr
jhmtks, des nkd micmneïîk echquece, pktâinme nkrrhte, vhänugk nkrrhtk h pkr thdpk
chthrdmieck.

JKSKSHQEPME2
E jktkthrepme í ude neamih ch guz hd quh queitmcechs prí-chthrdmieces ch
hihrome XZ vîk etmiomr k penmhith pkr ud thdpk prí-chthrdmieck. K dhneimsdk
ch eïîk í pkr etmvmcech eitmprkgmjhretmve, eitm-mijgedetþrme h mduikssuprhskre.
 

Skcks ks tmpks ch pskräesh pkchd shr tretecks nkd jktkthrepme. E jktkthrepme tmpk
XZA, quh phihtre dhiks, í dhglkr pere pskräesh dkchrece, nkd prhckdäimk ch
pgenes jmies. H k PXZE, quh k penmhith jez usk ch ude crkoe jktksshismamgmzeith
(pskreghik <-DKP) eiths ch sh hxpkr à recmeïîk XZE, pkch shr useck pere

pskräesh dkchrece e orevh. Hd ohreg, e jktkthrepme iîk chvh shr usece hd

penmhiths nkd eithnhchiths ch dhgeikde ku ch jktksshismamgmcech.

DHCMNEÏØH^ ^M^SÂDMNE^2
Enmtrhtmie2   í ud rhtmiþmch (eiågkok ce vmtedmie E). Etue prminmpegdhith ie
Enmtrhtmie2
cmjhrhinmeïîk hpmcírdmne.Es prminmpems egthreïøhs geakretkrmems sîk ces hizmdes
lhpetmnes h phrjmg gmpäcmnk, chvhick shr jhmtk enkdpeilhdhitk geakretk
geakretkrmeg
rmeg cureith
k tretedhitk. Í thretkoâimne.

Dhtktrhxetk2  í k tretedhitk smstâdmnk dems trecmnmkieg ce pskräesh. Í ud

Dhtktrhxetk2 
eitmdhteaþgmtk, hstruturegdhith eiågkok ek ånmck jþgmnk, quh mimah ch deihmre
nkdphtmtmve e etmvmcech ce hizmde cmmcrkjkgetk-rhcutesh, mimamick k nmngk nhguger.
Sedaíd jkm kashrveck quh eoh nkdk ud mduikssuprhsskr. Í useck ie pskräesh
dkchrece e orevh. Pkssum rmsnk ch dmhgktkxmnmcmcech h lhpetktkxmnmcech h, pkr shr
mduikssuprhsskr, í micmnece mivhstmoeïîk prhvme ch SA gethith nkd PPC h
recmkorejme ch tþrex.

Nmngkspkrmie2
Nmngkspkrmie2   í ud mduikssuprhsskr phge mimamïîk ch gmijþnmtks S NC3. Í
ihjrktþxmne, pkch ghver à LE^, lmphrpgesme ohijmveg, lmphrtrmnksh, perhsthsmes h
eudhite k rmsnk ch ihkpgesmes, chvhick hitîk shr usece hd nursks arhvhs h
mithrdmthiths.

Mduikamkgþomnks2  sîk dkgínuges nkdpghxes prkcuzmces e pertmr ch amkthnikgkome

Mduikamkgþomnks2 
h rhprhshited ud orupk ch dhcmnedhitks quh mithrjhrhd ch deihmre hsphnäjmne
hd h pkitueg ik smsthde mduikgþomnk, agkquheick ku hstmdugeick ude ku dems
vmes ce rhspkste mduikgþomne. Pkssuhd egte nkdpghxmcech h vermeamgmcech
hstrutureg. K egvk chsths eohiths mingum k tråjhok cks gmijþnmtks ce dmnrknmrnugeïîk
pere e phgh, eprhshiteïîk eitmoâimne ces EPNs eks gmijþnmtks h pkr jmd es
 

cmjhrhiths nmtknmies h shus rhnhptkrhs. Hstîk micmnecks hd nesks ch pskräesh

dkchrece e orevh h rhnegnmtreith. ^îk dhiks mduiktþxmnks h prkgkioed rhdmssîk.

Egvks cks mduikamkgþomnks2

m duikamkgþomnks2

5.  Mimamïîk gmijknmtårme2 eghjenhpth h hjegmzudeah

1.  Mimamïîk ch SIJ-egje2 hteihrnhpth, mijgmxmdeah, ecegmdudeah, okgmdudeah,
nhrtkgmzudeah
>.  Mimamïîk ces vmes Sl5 h Sl5?2 usthfmiudeah (agkquhme MG-51/1>) h
shnuqumiudeah
(agkquhme MG-5?).

PÒQPXQE JXGDMIEI^

MISQKCXÏÎK
Purpure jugdmieis í ude hrupïîk purpòrmne eouce nerenthrmzece pkr nkeougeïîk
ce dmnrkvesnugeture, rhsugteick hd ghsøhs purpòrmnes h ihnrksh ce phgh. Í ud
quecrk repmcedhith prkorhssmvk h ohregdhith í enkdpeileck pkr nkeougeïîk
mitrevesnuger cmsshdmiece h nkgepsk nmrnugetþrmk, shick ude vhrcechmre
hdhroâinme chrdetkgþomne.

Í ude hitmcech rhgetmvedhith rere. E texe ch dkrtegmcech vhd cmdmiumick nkd ks

numcecks ch supkrth, k ohrhinmedhitk eprmdkreck ch nkdpgmneïøhs shnuicårmes
h egouis tretedhitks cmrhnmkiecks, des nkitmiue shick ude nkicmïîk
minepenmteith, ohregdhith rhsugteick hd oreichs edputeïøhs iequhghs quh
skarhvmvhd.

K jetkr neuseg dems nkdud hd ecugtks í e shpsh, shick e aentírme dems essknmece
ek quecrk e Ihmsshrme dhimiomtmcms.
 

HSMKPESKOHIME

Purpure jugdmieis í ude säicrkdh dernece phgk miänmk eouck ch lhdkrreome h

ihnrksh nutáihe nkd råpmck prkorhssk, neusece pkr trkdaksh vesnuger círdmne h

ihnrksh mitrevesnuger cmsshdmiece. Í nkismchreck ud smieg ch nhrtes ckhiïes

smstâdmnes h iîk ude ckhiïe hd sm.

Ks trâs tmpks ch pòrpure jugdmieith sîk2 ihkieteg, mijhnnmkse h mcmkpåtmne. E

vermeith mijhnnmkse knkrrh cureith ude ckhiïe eouce, ohregdhith nkd quecrk
síptmnk, chvmck e hicktkxmies prkcuzmces pkr aentírmes ored-ihoetmves, nkdk,
pkr hxhdpgk, ude mijhnïîk dhimioknþnmne. Skcks ks tmpks hivkgvhd cmsjuiïîk ce
lhdkstesme nkd ude duceiïe pere ud hsteck ch prþ-nkeougeïî
prþ-nkeougeïîkk mdpkrteith.

ihkieteg2  hstå essknmece e ude chjmnmâinme lhrhcmtårme ces

Pòrpure jugdmieith ihkieteg2 
prkthäies eitmnkeougeiths N h ^. E prkthäie N í ud cks prminmpems mimamckrhs ck
smsthde ch nkeougeïîk  queick etmvece, mimah ks jetkrhs Ze h ZMMMe quh, pkr sue
–

vhz, rhouged e säithsh ch trkdamie. Ks ihkietks ohregdhith eprhshited

trkdaksh vhikse h erthrmeg denmïe ce phgh h ch kutrks þroîks hd etí 8 cmes epþs
k iesnmdhitk. tretedhitk í cmrhnmkieck e hsses chjmnmâinmes.

mcmkpåtmne2  í nkismchrece ud cmstòramk eutk-mduih pþs-

Pòrpure jugdmieith mcmkpåtmne2 
mijhnnmksk, ohregdhith epþs ude ckhiïe jharmg, quh dems terch ghve e ghsøhs
purpòrmnes repmcedhith prkorhssmves. Ihste jkrde, enrhcmte-sh quh ude
chjmnmâinme rhgetmve ch prkthäie ^, pkr chshivkgvmdhitk ch eitmnkrpks eitm-prkthäie
^, thile pertmnmpeïîk ie jmsmkpetkgkome.

eouce2  í k tmpk dems nkdud. Deimjhste-sh nkdk

Pòrpure jugdmieith mijhnnmkse eouce2 
ud enleck nutáihk iks penmhiths síptmnks dems orevhs, ahd nkdk ie jesnmth
ihnrkseith, nkd prhcmghïîk pkr nhrtks eohiths mijhnnmksks. Hstå essknmece e ude
chjmnmâinme ecqumrmce ce prkthäie N, nkd mithrrupïîk ck hqumgäarmk ce nkeougeïîk.
Hicktkxmies aenthrmeies chshinechmed k nkisudk ces prkthäies N h ^ h ce
 

eitmtrkdamie MMM, ghveick e ud hsteck prþ-nkeougetmvk quh ohre trkdakshs cks

vesks círdmnks h nkeougeïîk mitrevesnuger cmsshdmiece. Es ghsøhs nutáihes
pkchd sh eprhshiter prhnknhdhith nkdk hrupïøhs nutáihes phthqumems, quh
prkormchd repmcedhith pere århes demkrhs ch hqumdksh. Pksthrmkrdhith, pkchd

jkrder-sh akgles lhdkrråomnes quh nkitrmauhd pere es hsneres cures ngåssmnes

nerenthrästmnes ce pòrpure jugdmieith.

NGÄIMNE
Hrupïîk phthqumeg ku lhdetkdes hd ud penmhith ihkieteg ku síptmnk chvhd
shdprh iks eghrter pere e pkssmamgmcech ch pòrpure jugdmieith.

Ks enlecks nutáihks ce pòrpure jugdmieith tâd eperâinme h hvkguïîk

nerenthrästmnes. Hd ohreg, sh mimnme nkd ud hrmthde, quh chshivkgvh århes
mrrhougerhs ch ihnrksh lhdkrråomne ezug hihorhnmce ik shu nhitrk, pkchick levhr
vhsänuges h akgles. E phgh ejhtece mimnmegdhith í ckgkrkse h hicurhnmce, des iks
hståomks pksthrmkrhs, pkch levhr ude phrce ce shismamgmcech. E ihnrksh pkch sh
hsthichr eks thnmcks dems prkjuicks h chvhdks hster shdprh ethitks à mijhnïîk
shnuicårme chssh thnmck dkrtk.

Ks nkdpkihiths ce lmstþrme ck penmhith minguhd ude lmstþrme ch mijhnïøhs ku

treudes orevhs, ahd nkdk hspghihntkdme eithrmkr. Chvmck à essknmeïîk nkd
penmhiths nkd NMZC, pkch knkrrhr seioredhitk ch vårmks sätmks, mingumick
dhdareies dunkses, århes ch treude ku rhtk. Chvmck à essknmeïîk nkd nlkquh
síptmnk orevh, k penmhith pkch eprhshiter smitkdes ch ceiks ch kutrks þroîks,
nkdk lhdetòrme, kgmoòrme h cmspihme.

EZEGMEÏÎK
Iävhms hsphnäjmnks ch eitmtrkdamie MMM, prkthäie N gmvrh h prkthäie ^ gmvrh h tkteg
pkchd ebucer e nkijmrder k cmeoiþstmnk, hsphnmegdhith ie jkrde ihkieteg
ce ckhiïe.
 

Iks kutrks nesks, e evegmeïîk ch penmhiths nkd pòrpure jugdmieith shouh e

evegmeïîk ce neuse suabenhith. E ausne phgk tmpk ch mijhnïîk chvh shoumr es
cmrhtrmzhs ch shpsh.

Í mdpkrteith skgmnmter eiågmsh ch gäqumck nhjegkrrequmcmeik, lhdkorede, juiïøhs

lhpåtmne, rhieg h hghtrþgmtks, quh pkchrîk hster egthrecks ch enkrck nkd e nkicmïîk
ngäimne ch aesh.

Chvmck à jkrth essknmeïîk nkd e nkeougeïîk mitrevesnuger cmsshdmiece, chvh-sh

tedaíd evegmer trkdaknmtkphime, jetkrhs ch nkeougeïîk hghvecks (PS, PSS),
eudhitk ch C-cädhrk h cmdmiumïîk ck iävhg ch jmarmikoâimk.

SQESEDHISK
K tretedhitk ch tkcks ks tmpks ch pòrpure jugdmieith sh mimnme nkd numcecks ch
supkrth h lmcreteïîk echquece. E eitmnkeougeïîk pkch shr mimnmece pere hvmter
dems ihnrksh h chvh-sh evegmer e ihnhssmcech ch treisjusîk ch lhdkchrmvecks.

Ie jkrde ihkieteg, e lmcreteïîk, treisjusîk ch pgequhtes/pgesde jrhsnk

nkiohgeck, nkd dkimtkrmzeïîk cks iävhms ch prkthäie N h ^, sîk e aesh ck
tretedhitk. Lhpermie h werjermie tâd smck utmgmzecks nkdk eitmnkeougeiths h,
pksthrmkrdhith, pkch shr ecmnmkieck nkinhitreck ch prkthäie N sh hsse
chjmnmâinme jkr hinkitrece.

K tretedhitk ce pòrpure jugdmieith mcmkpåtmne í shdhgleith ek chsnrmtk enmde.

Egíd cmssk, perhnh levhr ahihjänmk ik usk ch nkrtmnksthrkmchs phgk pephg
mduikdkcugeckr.

Ie jkrde mijhnnmkse eouce, egíd ch tkces es dhcmces ch supkrth, ks eitmamþtmnks

ch edpgk hsphntrk chvhd mingumr e nkahrture ces hspínmhs Ihmsshrme dhimiomtmcms,
^trhptknknnus, ^teplygknknnus h Ngkstrmcmud. Jrhq÷hithdhith, sîk useces
nkdamieïøhs ch neraephiâdmnks ku veinkdmnmie nkd ahte-gentádmnks +
 

mimamckrhs ch ahte-gentedeshs. E ngmicedmnmie í jrhquhithdhith minguäce pkms

pkssum prkprmhcechs hsphnäjmnes quh mimahd egoudes hicktkxmies. E threpme nkd
mduikogkaugmie mitrevhikse tedaíd pkch shr usece. E prkthäie N etmvece pkch
shr ecdmimstrece pere rhcuzmr e nesnete mijgedetþrme h rhsteurer k hqumgäarmk ce

nkeougeïîk, cmdmiumick e prkorhssîk ce ghsîk purpòrmne. E chnmsîk ch

eitmnkeouger chvh shr aeshece ie knkrrâinme ch NMZC smdugtáihe.

Hd tkces es jkrdes ce ckhiïe, sîk rhegmzeces evegmeïøhs rhphtmces cks thnmcks

nkd chsarmcedhitk ces århes ejhteces, nkijkrdh ihnhssårmk. E rhtmrece ck thnmck
chsvmtegmzeck cmdmium e dkrtegmcech.

XQSMNÅQME EOXCE

MISQKCXÏÎK
E urtmnårme í nerenthrmzece phgk eperhnmdhitk sòamtk ch urtmnes, es quems pkchd
shr enkdpeileces phgk eiomkhchde. K hchde ce chrdh suphrjmnmeg í
chikdmieck urtmnårme, hiqueitk k hchde ce chrdh prkjuice, ck suanutáihk h ck
tretk oestrkmithstmieg í nledeck ch eiomkhchde.

E urtmne í ude ghsîk

g hsîk hghdhiter chrdetkgþomne h í dernece pkr ud hchde nhitreg
ch tedeilk vermeck, nmrnuiceck pkr hrmthde rhjghxk, nkd prurmck essknmeck h ch
ieturhze hjâdhre, nkd e phgh rhtkrieick ek esphntk ikrdeg ohregdhith hd
phräkck quh verme ch ude e 13 lkres.

K eiomkhchde í chjmimck pkr hchde sòamtk h enhitueck ce chrdh prkjuice h

suanutáihkdemkr. Pkssum jrhq÷âinme ch ckr hd rhgeïîk ek prurmck h enkdhth
jrhq÷hithdhith es dhdareies dunkses. E rhskguïîk ck quecrk knkrrh hd tkrik
ch ?1 lkres...
 

JM^MKPESKGKOME2
Es deimjhsteïøhs ngäimnes ce urtmnårme sîk chnkrrhiths ce hstmdugeïîk cks
destþnmtks pkr dhneimsdks mduikgþomnks h iîk mduikgþomnks. Ks dhneimsdks
mduikgþomnks sîk nerenthrmzecks phge etmveïîk cks destþnmtks etrevís ce gmoeïîk

ck eitäohik ek eitmnkrpk MoH, knkrrhick e gmahreïîk ch lmstedmie quh í

rhspkisåvhg pkr hstmduger e prkcuïîk ch prksteogeicmies h ghunktrmhiks,
enerrhteick ies jeshs mdhcmete h tercme ce rhspkste mduikgþomne. E gmahreïîk ch
tems dhcmeckrhs prkdkvh veskcmgeteïîk neuseick hrmthde, eudhitk ce
phrdheamgmcech vesnuger h treisuceïîk ch jgumcks, rhsugteick hd hchde. Knkrrh,
nkinkdmteithdhith, hstädugk ces thrdmieïøhs ihrvkses rhspkisåvhms phgk
prurmck h phge gmahreïîk
gm ahreïîk ch lmstedmie cks destþnmtks.

Ks dhneimsdks iîk mduikgþomnks sîk nerenthrmzecks pkr hstädugk cmrhtk skarh ks

destþnmtks, prkvknecks pkr nkitresths, dhcmnedhitks h egmdhitks, quh

chsoreiuged destþnmtks cmrhtedhith, shd e prhshiïe ch MoH.

NGÄIMNE
Es ghsøhs sîk pgenes hrmthdetk-hchdetkses oreichs, prurmomikses, ch miänmk sòamtk
h cureïîk hjâdhre, enkdpeileces, nkd jrhq÷âinme, ch jhiódhiks ohrems. K
hpmsþcmk ch urtmnårme eouce pkch phrsmstmr pkr lkres h etí cmes.

Iîk í cmjänmg hinkitrer k jetkr chshinecheith, hsteick, hd ohreg, rhgenmkieck às

neuses gmsteces ck quecrk eaemxk. Hd ohreg, iîk rhquhr mivhstmoeïîk, e iîk shr
equhge suohrmce phgks cecks ce eiedihsh.
 

NEX^E^ CE XQSMNÅQME EOXCE

Mcmkpåtmne

Egmdhitks (hxhdpgks2 jrutes, jrutks ck der, nesteiles)

Dhcmnedhitks (hxhdpgks2 eitmamþtmnks, EE^, EMIHs)

Lhdkchrmvecks

Qecmknkitresths

Mijhnïøhs vmrems h ckhiïes jharms

Mishtks (pmnece ch eahgle h vhspe)

Es rheïøhs dhcmeces phge MoH e egírohiks edamhitems (tems nkdk k gåthx,

nesteiles ku phmxh), queick neuses ce urtmnårme eouce ku urtmnårme ch nkitetk,
pkchd shr mivhstmoeces phgk thsth nutáihk ch ghmture mdhcmete (prmnf thst) ku
hitîk phgk QE^S (recmkegghrokskrahit thst) ik seiouh. Lå quh rhssegter k jetk ch
quh, pere shr vegkrmzeck, k rhsugteck ch edaks chvh shr nkrrhgenmkieck nkd k
nkithxtk ngäimnk.

SQESEDHISK
E eakrceohd threpâutmne ces urtmnårmes eouces í juicedhitece ik usk cks eitm-

lmstedäimnks ch shouice ohreïîk (iîk shceiths) nkdk eakrceohd pecrîk. Pkch-

sh essknmer nkrtmnkmch pere nkitrkgh dems repmck cks smitkdes h rhskguïîk dems
råpmce ce ckhiïe.

^h lkuvhr eiomkhchde nkd smiems ch hvkguïîk pere eiejmgexme  (hchde ch germioh,

eiejmgexme (hchde
hchde ch ogkth, arkinkhspedk, iåushes, vódmtks, lmpkthisîk erthrmeg)2
 

  Ecrhiegmie
• hd skguïîk 525000 (5do/dg) vme suanutáihe ku,
prhjhrhinmegdhith, ik dòsnugk vestk gethreg, e nece 8, 50 ku 58 dmiutks
(ikrthecks ohihrmnedhith phge orevmcech ck quecrk, phgk iävhg ch rhspkste
à epgmneïîk eithrmkr h phgk eperhnmdhitk ch hjhmtks nkgethrems). Ecdmimstrer

0,>
ckshe tkteg).
0,8 dG hd ecugtks h 0,05do/fo hd nrmeiïes (dåxmdk ch 0,> do ch

  Chvh-sh deithr dhcmces ch supkrth ek penmhith2 kxmoâimk iks nesks nkd

•

hivkgvmdhitk rhspmretþrmk, enhssk vhiksk, jgumcks msktóimnks pkr vme

hickvhikse h hghveïîk ch dhdarks mijhrmkrs pere nkitrkgh mimnmeg ce
prhssîk erthrmeg.

  Eitm-lmstedäimnks2
• agkquheckrhs L5 h L1 sîk rhnkdhicecks
(cmjhimcredmie 18 e 80 do 3/3 ku ch :/:l HZ h reimtmcmie 80 do etí ch
</<l HZ).

  Nkrtmnksthrkmchs2 micmnecks hdpmrmnedhith, hd hsphnmeg nkd k kabhtmvk ch

•

ethier pkssävhms rheïøhs tercmes h ik tretedhitk ck arkinkhspesdk.

Uueick usecks chvhd shr ecdmimstrecks e nece shms lkres hd cksh
hqumveghith à dhtmgprhcimskgkie (5 e 1do/fo/cme). K usk kreg ch prhcimskie
0,8do/fo pkch shr sujmnmhith pere smtueïøhs dhiks nrätmnes.

  Kutrks dhcmnedhitks2 arkinkcmgeteckrhs6 crkoes vesketmves hd mijusîk

•

nkitäiue pere penmhiths nkd lmpkthisîk rhjretårme ek tretedhitk mimnmeg6

oguneoki pkch shr useck iks nesks pkunks rhspkismvks e ecrhiegmie,
pertmnugerdhith pkr usk prívmk ch ahte-agkquheckrhs, pkr pkssumr
prkprmhcechs miktrþpmnes h nrkiktrþpmnes pksmtmves h hjhmtks vesnugerhs
michphichiths cks rhnhptkrhs ahte, egíd ch micuzmr k eudhitk ces
nethnkgedmies2 5 e 8do (10->0do/fo nkd k dåxmdk ch 5do) HZ pkr nhrne
ch nmink dmiutks shoumck pkr ude mijusîk ch 8-58do/dmiutk).

  ^h penmhith hd perece nercmkrrhspmretþrme, chvhd shr shoumces es

•

rhnkdhiceïøhs ck supkrth eveiïeck ch vmce (ENG^).