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∫∞∆∂Ƒπ¡∞™ §Àƒoà¢∏, Ph.D.: Enø™H E§§Hnikøn Tpa¶Ezøn / 21
∫∞∆∂Ƒπ¡∞™ §Àƒoà¢∏, Ph.D.: Enø™H E§§Hnikøn Tpa¶Ezøn / 21
∫∞∆∂Ƒπ¡∞™ §Àƒoà¢∏, Ph.D.: Enø™H E§§Hnikøn Tpa¶Ezøn / 21
π. ∂ÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹
∫·Ù¿ ÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· ÙˆÓ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›ˆÓ ÂÙÒÓ È‰È·›ÙÂÚÔ ˙˜, ÔÈ ÔÔ›ÔÈ ·Û¯ÔÏÔ‡ÓÙ·È Ì ÙË Ì¤ÙÚËÛË Ù˘ Ú¢ÛÙfi-
ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ Ë ÌÂϤÙË Ù˘ ‰ÈÔ›ÎËÛ˘ ÙËÙ·˜ ÙˆÓ ÂȯÂÈÚ‹ÛÂÒÓ ÙÔ˘˜, ηıÒ˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ˘Ô‰ÂÈÎÓ‡-
ÙÔ˘ ÎÂÊ·Ï·›Ô˘ ΛÓËÛ˘ ηıÒ˜ Î·È Ë ‰È·¯Â›ÚÈÛË ÂÈ Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓ· ÌÂÁ¤ıË Ô˘ ÌÂÙÚÔ‡Ó ÙË Ú¢ÛÙfiÙËÙ· ηÈ
Ú¢ÛÙÒÓ ‰È·ıÂۛ̈Ó, ··ÈÙ‹ÛˆÓ, ·ÔıÂÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈËıÔ‡Ó ÂÓ·ÏÏ·ÎÙÈο ‹ Û˘ÌÏË-
Î·È ‚Ú·¯˘ÚfiıÂÛÌˆÓ ˘Ô¯ÚÂÒÛˆÓ, ÌÂÁ¤ıË Ô˘ ڈ̷ÙÈο Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ·Ú·‰ÔÛÈ·ÎÔ‡˜ ‰Â›ÎÙ˜ Ù˘ ¿ÌÂÛ˘
Ú˘ıÌ›˙Ô˘Ó ÙË Ú¢ÛÙfiÙËÙ· Ù˘ Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓ˘ Âȯ›ÚË- Î·È Î˘ÎÏÔÊÔÚȷ΋˜ Ú¢ÛÙfiÙËÙ·˜.
Û˘, ·Ú¿ÏÏËÏ· Ì ÙÔ ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ ÙˆÓ ÂÂÓ‰˘ÙÒÓ
ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·Ô‰ÔÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÙˆÓ ÂȯÂÈÚ‹ÛˆÓ.
∏ ÛˆÛÙ‹ ‰È·¯Â›ÚÈÛË Ù˘ Ú¢ÛÙfiÙËÙ·˜ ÚÔÊ˘- ππ. £ÂˆÚËÙÈΤ˜ ÌÂϤÙ˜
Ï¿ÛÛÂÈ ÌÈ· Âȯ›ÚËÛË ·fi ÙËÓ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË ÔÈÎÔÓÔ-
ÌÈ΋˜ ‰˘Û¯¤ÚÂÈ·˜ Î·È ÙÒ¯Â˘Û˘. ™ÙËÓ Ú¿ÍË, ÔÏ- ππ. 1. ∞Ú¯ÈΤ˜ ÌÂϤÙ˜ ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ Î‡ÎÏÔ ÌÂÙÚËÙÒÓ
Ϥ˜ ÂȯÂÈÚ‹ÛÂȘ Ô‰ËÁ‹ıËÎ·Ó Û ÙÒ¯Â˘ÛË ÂÍ·È-
Ù›·˜ Ù˘ ¤ÏÏÂȄ˘ Ú¢ÛÙfiÙËÙ·˜, ÌÔÏÔÓfiÙÈ ‰ÂÓ Â›¯·Ó √ Gitman (1974) ·ÚÔ˘Û›·Û ÌÈ· ·ÏÔÔÈË̤ÓË
ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù· ·Ô‰ÔÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜, Ô˘ ı· ÙȘ Ô‰ËÁÔ‡Û ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛË ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ˘ÔÏÔÁÈÛÌfi ÙÔ˘ ÂÏ¿¯ÈÛÙÔ˘
ˆ˜ Ê˘ÛÈ΋ Û˘Ó¤ÂÈ· Û ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù· Ú¢ÛÙfiÙËÙ·˜. ··ÈÙÔ‡ÌÂÓÔ˘ ÂȤ‰Ô˘ ÌÂÙÚËÙÒÓ ÁÈ· ÌÈ· Âȯ›-
™ÎÔfi˜ Ù˘ ·ÚÔ‡Û·˜ ÂÚÁ·Û›·˜ Â›Ó·È Ë ‰ÈÂÚ‡ÓË- ÚËÛË. ∆Ô ‚·ÛÈÎfi ÛËÌÂ›Ô Â›Ó·È Ô ˘ÔÏÔÁÈÛÌfi˜ ÙÔ˘
ÛË, Ë ·ÚÔ˘Û›·ÛË Î·È Ë Ù·ÍÈÓfiÌËÛË Ù˘ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Û·˜ Û˘ÓÔÏÈÎÔ‡ ·ÎÏÔ˘ ÌÂÙÚËÙÒÓ, ̤ۈ ÙÔ˘ ÔÔ›Ô˘ ÌÔ-
ͤÓ˘ ÎÈ ÂÏÏËÓÈ΋˜ ÊÈÏÔÏÔÁ›·˜ Û¯ÂÙÈο Ì ÙȘ ÌÂϤÙ˜ ÚÔ‡Ó Ó· ˘ÔÏÔÁÈÛÙÔ‡Ó Ë ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô˜ ·Ó›Ûڷ͢
Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó Á›ÓÂÈ ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ÚÔÛ‰ÈÔÚÈÛÌfi, ÙËÓ ·Ó¿Ï˘ÛË ÙˆÓ ÌÂÙÚËÙÒÓ Î·È ÔÈ ·Ó¿ÁΘ Ú¢ÛÙfiÙËÙ·˜.
Î·È ÙË Ì¤ÙÚËÛË Ù˘ Ú¢ÛÙfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙˆÓ ÂȯÂÈÚ‹ÛˆÓ, √ Hager (1976) ‹Ù·Ó Ô ÚÒÙÔ˜ Ô˘ ·ÚÔ˘Û›·ÛÂ
¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÒÓÙ·˜ ˆ˜ ÂÚÁ·Ï›· ‰È¿ÊÔÚÔ˘˜ ‰Â›ÎÙ˜, ÌÂ- ÙÔÓ Ù·ÌÂÈ·Îfi ·ÎÏÔ, ˘ÔÛÙËÚ›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ fiÙÈ “Ë ÛˆÛÙ‹
ٷ͇ ÙˆÓ ÔÔ›ˆÓ Î·È ÙÔÓ Ù·ÌÂÈ·Îfi ·ÎÏÔ Ù˘ Âȯ›ÚË- ‰È·¯Â›ÚÈÛË ÙˆÓ ÌÂÙÚËÙÒÓ ··ÈÙ› ÙËÓ ÂͤٷÛË ÙÔ˘
Û˘. ∏ ÂÚÁ·Û›· ·˘Ù‹ Â›Ó·È ¯Ú‹ÛÈÌË ·fi ÙË ÌÈ· ÏÂ˘Ú¿ ·ÎÏÔ˘ ÌÂÙÚËÙÒÓ Ù˘ Âȯ›ÚËÛ˘, Ì›· Û˘Ó¯‹ ÂÓË-
ÁÈ· ÙÔ˘˜ ÂÚ¢ÓËÙ¤˜ ÔÈ ÔÔ›ÔÈ ·Û¯ÔÏÔ‡ÓÙ·È Ì ·˘ÙfiÓ Ì¤ÚˆÛË ¿Óˆ ÛÙȘ ‰ÈÔÈÎËÙÈΤ˜ Ù¯ÓÈΤ˜ Î·È Ì›· ‰Ô-
ÙÔÓ ÙÔ̤· Ù˘ ¯ÚËÌ·ÙÔÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈ΋˜ ‰ÈÔ›ÎËÛ˘, ÒÛÙ ÌË̤ÓË ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛË ÛÙȘ ÂÂÓ‰˘ÙÈΤ˜ ·ÔÊ¿ÛÂȘ
Ó· ÙÔ˘˜ ÚÔÛʤÚÂÈ ÌÈ· ÂÌÂÚÈÛٷو̤ÓË Û‡ÓÔ„Ë ÙˆÓ Î·È ·˘Ù¿ ÌfiÓÔ ÁÈ· ·Ú¯‹” Ì ÛÙfi¯Ô ÙË Û˘Ì›ÂÛË ÙÔ˘
΢ÚÈfiÙÂÚˆÓ ÌÂÏÂÙÒÓ ¿Óˆ ÛÙÔ Û¯ÂÙÈÎfi ı¤Ì·. ∞fi ÙËÓ Î‡ÎÏÔ˘ fiÛÔ ÙÔ ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÓ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ Î·È ÂÔ̤ӈ˜
¿ÏÏË ÏÂ˘Ú¿, Â›Ó·È ¯Ú‹ÛÈÌË ÁÈ· ÙÔ˘˜ ·ÓıÚÒÔ˘˜ Ù˘ ÙËÓ ÂÈÙ¿¯˘ÓÛË Ù˘ ÚÔ‹˜ ÙˆÓ ÌÂÙÚËÙÒÓ Ì¤Û· ÛÙȘ
Ú¿Í˘, ÂȯÂÈÚË̷ٛ˜, ÌÂÙfi¯Ô˘˜, ÂÂÓ‰˘Ù¤˜, ÙÚ¿Â- ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›Â˜ Ù˘ Âȯ›ÚËÛ˘.
D1 ∂ÎÚÔ‹ ÌÂÙÚËÙÒÓ
0 ÃÚfiÓÔ˜
∫‡ÎÏÔ˜ ÎÂÊ·Ï·›Ô˘ ΛÓËÛ˘ (WCC)
Ê·Ï·›Ô˘ ΛÓËÛ˘ Î·È ‰È¢ÎÔχÓÂÈ ÙËÓ ·Ó¿Ï˘ÛË ÙˆÓ ÙÔ ¿ÚÈÛÙÔ Â›Â‰Ô Ú¢ÛÙfiÙËÙ·˜ Â›Ó·È ÌÈ· Û˘Ó·ÏÏ·Á‹
ÂÈ̤ÚÔ˘˜ ÛÙÔȯ›ˆÓ ÙÔ˘. ∂ÙÛÈ, Ô Ù·ÌÂÈ·Îfi˜ ·ÎÏÔ˜ ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙȘ ¯ÚËÌ·ÙÔÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈΤ˜ ·ÔÊ¿ÛÂȘ Ù˘
ÂÚÈÁÚ¿ÊÂÈ ÙË Ì¤ÛË ı¤ÛË Ú¢ÛÙfiÙËÙ·˜ ÌÈ·˜ Âȯ›- Ó· ÌÂÈÒÛÂÈ ÙÔÓ Ù·ÌÂÈ·Îfi Ù˘ ·ÎÏÔ, Ô˘ Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÂ
ÚËÛ˘ Î·È ÌÔÚ› Ó· ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈËı› ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·ÍÈÔÏfi- Ì›ˆÛË Ù˘ ÂÏ¿¯ÈÛÙ˘ Ú¢ÛÙfiÙËÙ·˜ ÎÈ ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙȘ
ÁËÛË ÙˆÓ ÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ÎÂÊ·Ï·›Ô˘ ΛÓËÛ˘ ‰È¢- ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÈΤ˜ ·ÔÊ¿ÛÂȘ Ù˘, Ô˘ ÌÔÚ› Ó· Ô‰ËÁ‹-
ÎÔχÓÔÓÙ·˜ ÙËÓ ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË Î·È ÙÔÓ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô ÙˆÓ ÛÔ˘Ó Û ·‡ÍËÛË ÙÔ˘ Ù·ÌÂÈ·ÎÔ‡ ·ÎÏÔ˘ Î·È Û ·‡ÍË-
Û˘ÛÙ·ÙÈÎÒÓ ÌÂÚÒÓ ÙÔ˘. √ Schilling fiÚÈÛ ˆ˜ ¿ÚÈÛÙÔ ÛË Ù˘ ÂÏ¿¯ÈÛÙ˘ Ú¢ÛÙfiÙËÙ·˜.
Â›Â‰Ô Ú¢ÛÙfiÙËÙ·˜ ÌÈ·˜ Âȯ›ÚËÛ˘ ÂΛÓÔ ÙÔ √ Gallinger (1997) ÚÔ¤ÙÚ„ ÙȘ ÂȯÂÈÚ‹ÛÂȘ
ÂÏ¿¯ÈÛÙÔ Â›Â‰Ô Ú¢ÛÙfiÙËÙ·˜ Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ··Ú·›ÙË- Î·È ·˘ÙÔ‡˜ Ô˘ ÙȘ ‰ÈÔÈÎÔ‡Ó Ó· ÂÁηٷÏ›„Ô˘Ó ÙÔ˘˜
ÙÔ ÁÈ· Ó· ηχ„ÂÈ ¤Ó· Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ÓÔ Â›Â‰Ô ÂȯÂÈ- ·Ú·‰ÔÛÈ·ÎÔ‡˜ ‰Â›ÎÙ˜ Ú¢ÛÙfiÙËÙ·˜, ÔÈ ÔÔ›ÔÈ Â›Ó·È
ÚËÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈÔًوÓ, ¤ÙÛÈ ÒÛÙ ӷ ÌË ‰Â- ÛÙ·ÙÈÎÔ› Î·È Ó· ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈ‹ÛÔ˘Ó ÙÔÓ Ù·ÌÂÈ·Îfi ·-
Û̇ÔÓÙ·È ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ· ÎÂÊ¿Ï·È· ÛÙȘ ÂÂÓ‰‡ÛÂȘ ÎÏÔ, Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ¤Ó· ‰˘Ó·ÌÈÎfi ̤ÁÂıÔ˜ Ú¢ÛÙfiÙËÙ·˜,
ÎÂÊ·Ï·›Ô˘ ΛÓËÛ˘ ·’ fi,ÙÈ ÛÙȘ ÎÂÊ·Ï·ÈÔ˘¯ÈΤ˜ ηıÒ˜ ÂÍÂÙ¿˙ÂÈ ÙȘ ¯ÚËÌ·ÙÔÚÚÔ¤˜ ÌÈ·˜ Âȯ›ÚËÛ˘
ÂÂÓ‰‡ÛÂȘ, ηıÒ˜ ÔÈ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Â˜ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ¿ÓÙÔÙ ÌÂ- ‰È·¯ÚÔÓÈο. ÀÔÛÙ‹ÚÈÍ Ì ‰È¿ÊÔÚ· ÂȯÂÈÚ‹Ì·Ù·
Á·Ï‡ÙÂÚ˜ ·Ô‰fiÛÂȘ. ∂Ô̤ӈ˜ Ë ‚·ÛÈ΋ ‰Ú·ÛÙË- fiÙÈ ÔÈ Ì·ÎÚÔ¯ÚfiÓȘ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÈΤ˜ ÔÏÈÙÈΤ˜ ÌÈ·˜ ÂÈ-
ÚÈfiÙËÙ· Ù˘ ‰ÈÔ›ÎËÛ˘ ÎÂÊ·Ï·›Ô˘ ΛÓËÛ˘ Â›Ó·È Ô ¯Â›ÚËÛ˘, ÔÈ Ôԛ˜ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ˆ˜ ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂ-
ÚÔÛ‰ÈÔÚÈÛÌfi˜ Î·È Ë ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË ÙÔ˘ ¿ÚÈÛÙÔ˘ ÚÔ˘˜ Ù·ÌÂÈ·ÎÔ‡˜ ·ÎÏÔ˘˜, Ô‰ËÁÔ‡Ó Û ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚË
ÂȤ‰Ô˘ Ú¢ÛÙfiÙËÙ·˜. ∆Ô ÚÒÙÔ ‚‹Ì· ÍÂÎÈÓ¿ Ì ‰¤ÛÌ¢ÛË ÂÂÓ‰‡ÛÂˆÓ Û ÌÂÙÚËÙ¿ Î·È Û ¿ÏÏ· ΢-
ÙÔÓ Î·ıÔÚÈÛÌfi Ù˘ ÂÏ¿¯ÈÛÙ˘ Ú¢ÛÙfiÙËÙ·˜. °È· ÙÔÓ ÎÏÔÊÔÚÔ‡ÓÙ· ÂÚÈÔ˘Ûȷο ÛÙÔȯ›·. ∂›Û˘ Ô‰Ë-
˘ÔÏÔÁÈÛÌfi ·˘Ùfi ˘ÔÏÔÁ›˙ÂÙ·È ÚÒÙ· Ô ‰Â›ÎÙ˘ ÌÂ- ÁÔ‡Ó Û Ì›ˆÛË Ù˘ ÈηÓfiÙËÙ·˜ ¯ÚËÌ·ÙÔ‰fiÙËÛ˘ ÙˆÓ
ÙÚËÙÒÓ (cash turnover) Ô˘ ÌÂÙÚ¿ fiÛ˜ ÊÔÚ¤˜ Ù· ÂÂÓ‰‡ÛÂˆÓ ·˘ÙÒÓ Ì ‚Ú·¯˘ÚfiıÂÛ̘ ˘Ô¯ÚÂÒ-
ÌÂÙÚËÙ¿ ·Ó·Î˘ÎÏÒÓÔÓÙ·È ÛÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· ÂÓfi˜ ¤ÙÔ˘˜. ÛÂȘ. √̈˜ Ë ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚË ‰¤ÛÌ¢ÛË ÎÂÊ·Ï·›ˆÓ ÛÂ
√ ‰Â›ÎÙ˘ ·˘Ùfi˜ ÈÛÔ‡Ù·È Ì ÙÔ ËÏ›ÎÔ ÙÔ˘ ·ÚÈıÌÔ‡ ÏÈÁfiÙÂÚÔ Ú¢ÛÙ¤˜ ÌÔÚʤ˜ ÎÂÊ·Ï·›Ô˘ ΛÓËÛ˘, Ô‰ËÁ›
ËÌÂÚÒÓ ÂÓfi˜ ¤ÙÔ˘˜ ‰È· ÙÔ˘ Ù·ÌÂÈ·ÎÔ‡ ·ÎÏÔ˘. ∂ÂÈ- Û ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚ˜ ÙÈ̤˜ ÙˆÓ ·Ú·‰ÔÛÈ·ÎÒÓ ‰ÂÈÎÙÒÓ
Ù· ‰È·ÈÚԇ̠ٷ ÂÙ‹ÛÈ· ¤ÍÔ‰· ÌÂÙÚËÙÒÓ ‰È· ÙÔ˘ ‰Â›- ΢ÎÏÔÊÔÚȷ΋˜ Î·È ¿ÌÂÛ˘ Ú¢ÛÙfiÙËÙ·˜, Ô˘ ÛËÌ·›-
ÎÙË ·˘ÙÔ‡ ÁÈ· Ó· ˘ÔÏÔÁ›ÛÔ˘Ì ÙÔ ÂÏ¿¯ÈÛÙÔ Â›Â‰Ô ÓÂÈ fiÙÈ ·˘ÙÔ› ÔÈ ‰Â›ÎÙ˜ ‰ÂÓ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÙË ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ· Ó·
Ú¢ÛÙfiÙËÙ·˜ Ô˘ ··ÈÙ›ٷÈ. ∂›Ó·È ÂÔ̤ӈ˜ Ê·ÓÂ- ·Ôηχ„Ô˘Ó Î¿ÔÈÔ Úfi‚ÏËÌ· Ú¢ÛÙfiÙËÙ·˜ ηÈ
Ú‹ Ë ¿ÌÂÛË Û¯¤ÛË ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙÔÓ Ù·ÌÂÈ·Îfi ·ÎÏÔ Î·È ·˘Ùfi ÌÔÚ› Ó· ¤¯ÂÈ Ôχ ‰˘Û¿ÚÂÛÙ˜ Û˘Ó¤ÂȘ ÁÈ·
ÛÙÔ ··ÈÙÔ‡ÌÂÓÔ Â›Â‰Ô ÂÏ¿¯ÈÛÙ˘ Ú¢ÛÙfiÙËÙ·˜. ∏ ÌÈ· Âȯ›ÚËÛË. °È· ÙËÓ Î¿Ï˘„Ë ·˘Ù‹˜ Ù˘ ·‰˘Ó·Ì›·˜
Û¯¤ÛË ÙÔ˘˜ Â›Ó·È ıÂÙÈ΋, ¤ÙÛÈ ÒÛÙ fiÙ·Ó Ô Ù·ÌÂÈ·Îfi˜ ÙˆÓ ·Ú·‰ÔÛÈ·ÎÒÓ ‰ÂÈÎÙÒÓ, Ô Gallinger Û˘ÓÈÛÙ¿
·ÎÏÔ˜ ·˘Í¿ÓÂÙ·È, ÙÔ Â›Â‰Ô ÂÏ¿¯ÈÛÙ˘ Ú¢ÛÙfiÙË- ·ÓÂÈʇϷÎÙ· ÙË ¯Ú‹ÛË ÙÔ˘ Ù·ÌÂÈ·ÎÔ‡ ·ÎÏÔ˘.
Ù·˜ ·˘Í¿ÓÂÙ·È Î·È ÙÔ ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÚÔÊÔ.
¶·Ú·ÙËÚÂ›Ù·È ÏÔÈfiÓ fiÙÈ Ô Ù·ÌÂÈ·Îfi˜ ·ÎÏÔ˜ ›-
Ó·È ÎÏÂȉ› ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ÚÔÛ‰ÈÔÚÈÛÌfi ÙÔ˘ ¿ÚÈÛÙÔ˘ ÂȤ- πππ. ∂ÌÂÈÚÈΤ˜ ÌÂϤÙ˜
‰Ô˘ Ú¢ÛÙfiÙËÙ·˜ Î·È Â›Ó·È ·Ó·Áη›Ô Ó· ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ˘-
ıÂ›Ù·È Î·È Ó· Ú˘ıÌ›˙ÂÙ·È Í¯ˆÚÈÛÙ¿ οıÂ Û˘ÛÙ·ÙÈÎfi √È ÂÌÂÈÚÈΤ˜ ÌÂϤÙ˜ Û˘ÌÏËÚÒÓÔ˘Ó ÙȘ ıˆÚËÙÈΤ˜
ÛÙÔÈ¯Â›Ô ÙÔ˘. ªÂ ÙÔÓ ÙÚfiÔ ·˘Ùfi ÌÂÁÈÛÙÔÔÈÂ›Ù·È Ë ÌÂϤÙ˜ ¿Óˆ ÛÙÔ ı¤Ì· ÙˆÓ ‰ÂÈÎÙÒÓ Ú¢ÛÙfiÙËÙ·˜.
·fi‰ÔÛË ÙˆÓ ÂÂÓ‰˘Ì¤ÓˆÓ ÎÂÊ·Ï·›ˆÓ ÌÈ·˜ Âȯ›- √ Belt (1985), Û ÌÈ· ÂÌÂÈÚÈ΋ ÌÂϤÙË ÙÔ˘, ·›-
ÚËÛ˘ ÛÙÔ ÎÂÊ¿Ï·ÈÔ Î›ÓËÛ˘ Î·È Î·Ù’ ¤ÎÙ·ÛË Ë ÓÂÛ ÙÔ ¤ÚÁÔ ÙˆÓ Richards Î·È Laughlin, ·ÏÏ¿ ·Ú·-
Û˘ÓÔÏÈ΋ ·Í›· Ù˘ Âȯ›ÚËÛ˘. √ Schilling fï˜ ÙÔ- Ù‹ÚËÛ fiÙÈ ÛÙÂÚÂ›Ù·È ÌÈ·˜ ‰È·¯ÚÔÓÈ΋˜ ·Ó¿Ï˘Û˘
Ó›˙ÂÈ ÙÔ ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ fiÙÈ Û˘¯Ó¿ ÔÈ ·ÔÊ¿ÛÂȘ Î·È ÔÈ ÂÓ¤Ú- ÙˆÓ Ù¿ÛÂˆÓ ÙÔ˘ Ù·ÌÂÈ·ÎÔ‡ ·ÎÏÔ˘ ÁÈ· ‰È¿ÊÔÚÔ˘˜
ÁÂȘ Ù˘ Âȯ›ÚËÛ˘ Ó· ηıÈÂÚÒÛÂÈ Î·È ‰È·ÙËÚ‹ÛÂÈ ÎÏ¿‰Ô˘˜ ÂȯÂÈÚ‹ÛˆÓ, Ë ÔÔ›· Î·È Î·Ù¿ ÙÔÓ Hager
ϤÛÌ·Ù· ˘ÔÛÙ‹ÚÈÍ·Ó ÙËÓ ·Ú¯È΋ ˘fiıÂÛË, fiÙÈ ÂÈ- ÛÂˆÓ ‰È¿ÊÔÚˆÓ ÎÏ¿‰ˆÓ. ∏ ÛÙ·ÙÈÛÙÈ΋ ·Ó¿Ï˘ÛË ÙˆÓ
¯ÂÈÚ‹ÛÂȘ Ì ÌÈÎÚfi Ù·ÌÂÈ·Îfi ·ÎÏÔ ·ÚÔ˘Û›·˙·Ó ÌÂ- ÛÙÔȯ›ˆÓ ¤‰ÂÈÍ fiÙÈ Ë Û¯¤ÛË ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙÔÓ Ù·ÌÂÈ·Îfi
Á¿ÏË ·Ô‰ÔÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÎÈ fiÙÈ ÂȯÂÈÚ‹ÛÂȘ Ì ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ Î‡ÎÏÔ Î·È ÙËÓ ·fi‰ÔÛË ÙˆÓ ÂÂÓ‰˘Ì¤ÓˆÓ ÎÂÊ·Ï·›-
Ù·ÌÂÈ·Îfi ·ÎÏÔ ·ÚÔ˘Û›·˙·Ó ÌÈÎÚ‹ ·Ô‰ÔÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·. ˆÓ Â›Ó·È Â˘·›ÛıËÙË Û ·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÎÏ¿‰Ô˘, fiˆ˜
√È Moss Î·È Stine (1993) ÂÍ¤Ù·Û·Ó ÙÔÓ Ù·ÌÂÈ·Îfi Ë ·Ú·ÁˆÁÈ΋ ‰È·‰Èηۛ·, Ë ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· ÚÔ˚fiÓÙÔ˜, Ë
·ÎÏÔ ˆ˜ ̤ÁÂıÔ˜ ̤ÙÚËÛ˘ Ù˘ Ú¢ÛÙfiÙËÙ·˜ ÁÈ· ¤ÓÙ·ÛË ÎÂÊ·Ï·›Ô˘, Ù· ηӿÏÈ· ‰È·ÓÔÌ‹˜ Î·È ÔÈ ·ÓÙ·-
¤Ó· ‰Â›ÁÌ· ÂȯÂÈÚ‹ÛÂˆÓ ÏÈ·ÓÈ΋˜ ÒÏËÛ˘ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÁˆÓÈÛÙÈΤ˜ ‰˘Ó¿ÌÂȘ. ∞ÎfiÌ· fiÙ·Ó ÂÍÂÙ¿ÛÙËΠÙÔ
·ÌÂÚÈηÓÈ΋ ·ÁÔÚ¿, ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô 1971-1990. ™ÙÔ ‰Â›ÁÌ· Û˘ÓÔÏÈο ‚Ú¤ıËΠfiÙÈ Ë ÂÈıÂÙÈ΋ ÛÙÚ·ÙËÁÈ΋
Û‡ÓÔÏÔ Â›¯·Ó 1.717 ·Ú·ÙËÚ‹ÛÂȘ. ™˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ӷ ‰ÈÔ›ÎËÛ˘ ÎÂÊ·Ï·›Ô˘ ΛÓËÛ˘, ‰ËÏ·‰‹ Ô ÌÈÎÚfi˜ Ù·-
ÂÍ¤Ù·Û·Ó ÙË Û¯¤ÛË ÙÔ˘ Ù·ÌÂÈ·ÎÔ‡ ·ÎÏÔ˘ Ì ÙÔ Ì¤- ÌÂÈ·Îfi˜ ·ÎÏÔ˜ Û˘Ó‰¤ÂÙ·È Ì ˘„ËÏ‹ ·Ô‰ÔÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·,
ÁÂıÔ˜ ÙˆÓ ÂȯÂÈÚ‹ÛÂˆÓ ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ÓÔ˘ ÎÏ¿- ÂÓÒ ÙÔ ›‰ÈÔ Ê¿ÓËΠӷ ÈÛ¯‡ÂÈ Î·È ·Ó ÂÍÂÙ·ÛÙÔ‡Ó ÔÈ
‰Ô˘, ÙË Û¯¤ÛË ÙÔ˘ Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ·Ú·‰ÔÛÈ·ÎÔ‡˜ ‰Â›ÎÙ˜ ÎÏ¿‰ÔÈ Í¯ˆÚÈÛÙ¿, ·ÓÂÍ¿ÚÙËÙ· ·fi ÙÔ ÔÈÔ˜ ‰Â›ÎÙ˘
΢ÎÏÔÊÔÚȷ΋˜ Î·È ¿ÌÂÛ˘ Ú¢ÛÙfiÙËÙ·˜ Î·È ÙË Û¯¤- ·Ô‰ÔÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈ›ٷÈ.
ÛË ÙÔ˘ Ì ÙȘ ¯ÚËÌ·ÙÔÚÚÔ¤˜ Ù˘ Âȯ›ÚËÛ˘, ηıÒ˜ √È Lyroudi, McCarty, Lazaridis, Hatzigayos,
ıˆÚÂ›Ù·È ÈÔ ‰˘Ó·ÌÈÎfi ̤ÁÂıÔ˜ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ˘ Ù˘ Papanikolaou (1999) ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔ›ËÛ·Ó ˆ˜ ‰Â›ÁÌ· ÙȘ
ÂȯÂÈÚËÌ·ÙÈ΋˜ Ú¢ÛÙfiÙËÙ·˜. ÃÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÒÓÙ·˜ 350 ÎÔÚ˘Ê·›Â˜ ÂȯÂÈÚ‹ÛÂȘ Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ÂÈÛËÁ̤Ó˜
·Ó¿Ï˘ÛË ·ÏÈÓ‰ÚfiÌËÛ˘, Ù· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· ¤‰ÂÈ- ÛÙÔ ÃÚËÌ·ÙÈÛÙ‹ÚÈÔ ÙÔ˘ §ÔÓ‰›ÓÔ˘, ÁÈ· Ó· ÂÍÂÙ¿-
Í·Ó fiÙÈ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÛÙ·ÙÈÛÙÈο ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ ‰È·ÊÔÚ¿ ÛÔ˘Ó ÙÔÓ Ù·ÌÂÈ·Îfi ·ÎÏÔ ˆ˜ ‰Â›ÎÙË Ì¤ÙÚËÛ˘ Ù˘
·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙÔÓ Ù·ÌÂÈ·Îfi ·ÎÏÔ ÌÈÎÚÒÓ Î·È ÌÂÁ¿ÏˆÓ Ú¢ÛÙfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙˆÓ ÂȯÂÈÚ‹ÛÂˆÓ Î·È Ó· ÚÔÛ‰ÈÔÚ›-
ÂȯÂÈÚ‹ÛˆÓ, Ù·ÍÈÓÔÌËÌ¤ÓˆÓ Û‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙȘ ˆ- ÛÔ˘Ó ÙË Û¯¤ÛË ÙÔ˘ Ù·ÌÂÈ·ÎÔ‡ ·ÎÏÔ˘ Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ·Ú·-
Ï‹ÛÂȘ Î·È Û‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙÔ ‡„Ô˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÓÂÚÁËÙÈÎÔ‡ ‰ÔÛÈ·ÎÔ‡˜ ‰Â›ÎÙ˜ Ú¢ÛÙfiÙËÙ·˜ Î·È ÙȘ ÌÂÙ·‚ÏËÙ¤˜
ÙÔ˘˜. √È ÌÂÁ¿Ï˜ ÂȯÂÈÚ‹ÛÂȘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÌÈÎÚfiÙÂÚÔ Ù·- ÔÈ Ôԛ˜ ÙÔÓ Û˘Óı¤ÙÔ˘Ó. ∞ÎfiÌ· ÂÍ¤Ù·Û·Ó ÙË Û¯¤ÛË
ÌÂÈ·Îfi ·ÎÏÔ, ÂÍ·ÈÙ›·˜ ηχÙÂÚ˘ ‰È·¯Â›ÚÈÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ÙˆÓ ‰ÂÈÎÙÒÓ Ú¢ÛÙfiÙËÙ·˜ Ì ÙËÓ ·Ô‰ÔÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ηÈ
··ÈÙ‹ÛÂˆÓ Î·È ÙˆÓ ·ÔıÂÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÙÔ˘˜, ÙÔÌ›˜ fiÔ˘ ÙË Ìfi¯Ï¢ÛË. ∆· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· Ù˘ ÌÂϤÙ˘ ÙÔ˘˜
ı· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÂÈÎÂÓÙÚˆıÔ‡Ó ÔÈ ÌÈÎÚfiÙÂÚ˜ ÂȯÂÈ- ¤‰ÂÈÍ·Ó ˆ˜ Ô Ù·ÌÂÈ·Îfi˜ ·ÎÏÔ˜ Û¯ÂÙ›˙ÂÙ·È ıÂÙÈο
Ú‹ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ÓÔ˘ ÎÏ¿‰Ô˘. ∏ Û¯¤ÛË ·Ó¿- Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ·Ú·‰ÔÛÈ·ÎÔ‡˜ ‰Â›ÎÙ˜ Î·È ˆ˜ Ù· ·Ôı¤-
ÌÂÛ· ÛÙÔÓ Ù·ÌÂÈ·Îfi ·ÎÏÔ Î·È ÙÔ˘˜ ‰Â›ÎÙ˜ ΢ÎÏÔ- Ì·Ù· Â›Ó·È Ô ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfiÙÂÚÔ˜ ·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ·˜ ÙÔ˘ Ù·-
ÊÔÚȷ΋˜ Î·È ¿ÌÂÛ˘ Ú¢ÛÙfiÙËÙ·˜ Â›Ó·È ıÂÙÈ΋ Î·È ÌÂÈ·ÎÔ‡ ·ÎÏÔ˘ ÁÈ· ÙȘ ‚ÚÂÙ·ÓÈΤ˜ ÂȯÂÈÚ‹ÛÂȘ
ÛÙ·ÙÈÛÙÈο ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋. ∆¤ÏÔ˜, Ë Û¯¤ÛË ÙÔ˘ Ù·ÌÂÈ·- ÙÔ˘ ‰Â›ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜. ∂ÈϤÔÓ ‰È·›ÛÙˆÛ·Ó fiÙÈ Ô Ù·ÌÂÈ-
ÎÔ‡ ·ÎÏÔ˘ Ì ÙȘ ¯ÚËÌ·ÙÔÚÚÔ¤˜ Ù˘ Âȯ›ÚËÛ˘ ·Îfi˜ ·ÎÏÔ˜ Î·È ÔÈ ·Ú·‰ÔÛÈ·ÎÔ› ‰Â›ÎÙ˜ ›¯·Ó
Â›Ó·È ·ÚÓËÙÈ΋ Î·È ÛÙ·ÙÈÛÙÈο ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋, fiˆ˜ ›- ÙËÓ ·Ó·ÌÂÓfiÌÂÓË ·ÚÓËÙÈ΋ Û¯¤ÛË Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ‰Â›ÎÙ˜
¯Â ˘ÔÙÂı›. ∞˘Ùfi ÙÔ ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· ÂÓÈÛ¯‡ÂÈ ÙËÓ ¿Ô- ·Ô‰ÔÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜. ∞ÓÙ›ıÂÙ· fï˜ Ô Ù·ÌÂÈ·Îfi˜ ·-
„Ë ÙˆÓ Û˘ÁÁڷʤˆÓ, ηıÒ˜ Î·È ÔÏÏÒÓ ¿ÏÏˆÓ ÎÏÔ˜ ‰ÂÓ Â›¯Â ÙËÓ ·Ó·ÌÂÓfiÌÂÓË Û¯¤ÛË Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ‰Â›-
ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÒÓ, fiÙÈ Ë ¤ÌÊ·ÛË ÛÙË Ì¤ÙÚËÛË Ù˘ Ú¢ÛÙfi- ÎÙ˜ ‰·ÓÂȷ΋˜ ÂÈ‚¿Ú˘ÓÛ˘, ηıÒ˜ ¤‰ÂȯÓ fiÙÈ
ÙËÙ·˜ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ‰›ÓÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ Î¿Ï˘„Ë ÙˆÓ ¯ÚËÌ·- fiÛÔ ÌÂÈÒÓÂÙ·È Ô Ù·ÌÂÈ·Îfi˜ ·ÎÏÔ˜, ÙfiÛÔ ·˘Í¿ÓÂÙ·È
ÙÔÚÚÔÒÓ, fiˆ˜ ÌÂÙÚÈ¤Ù·È Ì ÙÔÓ Ù·ÌÂÈ·Îfi ·ÎÏÔ ÎÈ Ë ‰·ÓÂȷ΋ ÂÈ‚¿Ú˘ÓÛË Ù˘ Âȯ›ÚËÛ˘ Î·È ÙfiÛÔ
fi¯È ÛÙÔ˘˜ ‰Â›ÎÙ˜ ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈ΋˜ ‰˘Û¯¤ÚÂÈ·˜ Ô˘ ›- ÌÂÈÒÓÂÙ·È Ë ÈηÓfiÙËÙ¿ Ù˘ Ó· ηχÙÂÈ ÙȘ ˘Ô¯ÚÂ-
Ó·È ÛÙ·ÙÈÎÔ› Î·È Â›Ó·È ÔÈ ·Ú·‰ÔÛÈ·ÎÔ› ‰Â›ÎÙ˜. ÒÛÂȘ Ù˘, ÂÓÒ Â›¯·Ó ÙȘ ·Ó·ÌÂÓfiÌÂÓ˜ Û¯¤ÛÂȘ ÌÂ
√È Jose, Lancaster Î·È Stevens (1996) ÂÍ¤Ù·Û·Ó ÙË ÙÔ˘˜ ‰Â›ÎÙ˜ Ìfi¯Ï¢Û˘. ™ÙË Û¯¤ÛË Ú¢ÛÙfiÙËÙ·˜
Û¯¤ÛË ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙÔ˘˜ ‰Â›ÎÙ˜ ̤ÙÚËÛ˘ Ù˘ ·Ô‰ÔÙÈ- Î·È Ìfi¯Ï¢Û˘ ·Ú·ÙËÚÂ›Ù·È fiÙÈ ÔÈ ·Ú·‰ÔÛÈ·ÎÔ›
ÎfiÙËÙ·˜ Î·È ÛÙË ‰ÈÔ›ÎËÛË ÙˆÓ ·˘Í·ÓfiÌÂÓˆÓ ·Ó·- ‰Â›ÎÙ˜ ‰›ÓÔ˘Ó Ù· ÛˆÛÙfiÙÂÚ· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù·.
ÁÎÒÓ Ú¢ÛÙfiÙËÙ·˜ ÁÈ· ¤Ó· ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ ‰Â›ÁÌ· ÂȯÂÈÚ‹-
ÙÈο ÙȘ ıˆÚËÙÈΤ˜ ÌÂϤÙ˜, Ô ¶›Ó·Î·˜ 4.2 ˘Ô- Jose Manuel L., Lancaster Carol, Stenens J.L., “Corporate
Returns and Cash Conversion Cycles”, Journal of Economics
‰Â›ÁÌ·Ù· Ô˘ ·Ó¤Ù˘Í·Ó ÔÈ ‰È¿ÊÔÚÔÈ ÌÂÏÂÙËÙ¤˜ ηÈ
and Finance, vol. 20, No. 1 p. 35-48, 1996.
Ô ¶›Ó·Î·˜ 4.3 ÙȘ ÂÌÂÈÚÈΤ˜ ÌÂϤÙ˜.
Kargar Javad, Blumenthal R. A. “Leverage Impact on
ªÂ ‚¿ÛË Ù· ·Ú·¿Óˆ Û˘ÌÂÚ·›ÓÔ˘Ì fiÙÈ ÁÈ· ÙË
Working Capital in Small Business”, TMA Journal, Vol.
ÛˆÛÙ‹ Î·È ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈ΋ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË Ù˘ Ú¢ÛÙfiÙË- 14, Issue 6, November/December 1994, p. 46-53.
Ù·˜ ÌÈ·˜ Âȯ›ÚËÛ˘ Â›Ó·È ··Ú·›ÙËÙÔ Ó· ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔ- Largay, James A. III. and Cycle P. Stickney, “Cash Flows
ÔÈËıÔ‡Ó ÙfiÛÔ ÛÙ·ÙÈο fiÛÔ Î·È ‰˘Ó·ÌÈο ÌÂÁ¤ıË Ì¤- Ratio Analysis and the W. T. Grant Company Bankruptcy,”
ÙÚËÛ‹˜ Ù˘, ‰ÈfiÙÈ ·ÏÏËÏÔÛ˘ÌÏËÚÒÓÔÓÙ·È. ∆· ÂÌÂÈÚÈ- Financial Analysts Journal, July/August 1980, pp. 51-54.
ο ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· ¤‰ÂÈÍ·Ó fiÙÈ ÁÈ· ‰È¿ÊÔÚÔ˘˜ ÎÏ¿‰Ô˘˜ Lyroudi, K., D. McCarty Dan, “An Empirical Investigation
Î·È Û ‰È¿ÊÔÚ˜ ÔÈÎÔÓƠ̂˜, Û ÔÚÈṲ̂Ó˜ ÂÚÈÙÒ- of the Cash Conversion Cycle of Small Business Firms”,
ÛÂȘ, ÔÈ ·Ú·‰ÔÛÈ·ÎÔ› ·ÚÈıÌԉ›ÎÙ˜ Â›Ó·È ÂÚÈÛÛfi- Journal of Small Business Finance, 2 (2), 1993, p. 139-161.
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ÙˆÓ ÂȯÂÈÚ‹ÛˆÓ, ÂÓÒ Û ¿ÏϘ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ Ù· Ó¤· Thomas, Papanikolaou Vasileios, “An Empirical
Investigation of Liquidity: The Cash of UK Firms”,
‰˘Ó·ÌÈο ÌÂÁ¤ıË, fiˆ˜ Ô Ù·ÌÂÈ·Îfi˜ ·ÎÏÔ˜, Ô Î·ı·-
Presented at the 1999 Financial Management Association’s
Úfi˜ ÂÌÔÚÈÎfi˜ ·ÎÏÔ˜ Î.¿. Â›Ó·È ÈÔ Î·Ù¿ÏÏËÏ·. Annual Meeting, OrlandÔ, Florida, USA, October 1999.
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Soenen Luc A., “Cash Conversion Cycle and Corporate p. 35-40.
1980 Richards & Laughlin ∆·ÌÂÈ·Îfi˜ ∫‡ÎÏÔ˜ CCC = RCP + ICP – PDP
5
1982 Gitman & Sachdeva ∫‡ÎÏÔ˜ ∫ÂÊ·Ï·›Ô˘
∫›ÓËÛ˘ WCC=-D1+ Di ™
i=2