Experiment no.

FORENSIC CHEMISTRY AND TOXICOLOGY

Group 3
Joarl Cupido
Chyna Klein de Guzman
Vince Jerome De Jesus
ChesterC-Jay P. de Leon
Joshua Gulian
Efirem Fagyan
Justine Gudaren
March. 9, 2021
BAC- BS CRIMINOLOGY

Question For Research:

1. What is the importance of semen analysis in sexual crime investigation?

- An average male ejaculate measures around 3.5 millimeters containing 10-50 million sperm cells
per millimeter. This number varies with the age, medical conditions, genetic background, and
habits such as smoking and use of drugs. The identification of semen is of great value in medico
legal practice like alleged rape cases or sexual assaults. The primary aim of semen forensic
analysis is to sample and examine smears or other biological material taken from the assailant,
the victim or stains found on clothes and/or other evidence at the crime scene. In cases of sexual
assault, two steps are required: locate the stain and prove its identity. Semen analysis can also
help in successfully linking semen to a suspect through DNA typing.

2. Define the following terms:

a. Azoospermia
- Azoospermia is the medical condition of a man whose semen contains no sperm. It is associated
with infertility, but many forms are amenable to medical treatment. In humans, azoospermia
affects about 1% of the male population and may be seen in up to 20% of male infertility
situations.
b. Ologospermia
- a male fertility issue characterized by a low sperm count. Other aspects of the sexual health of
men with this condition are typical. This includes the ability to get and maintain an erection, as
well as produce ejaculation at orgasm. Sperm count in your ejaculate can vary throughout your
life.
c. Necrospermia
- Necrospermia (or necrozoospermia) is a condition in which there is a low percentage of live and a
very high percentage of immotile spermatozoa in semen. Necrospermia is usually confused with
asthenozoospermia, which is the inability of the sperm to move even when alive.

3. What is the Retrograde ejaculation?

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 - Retrograde ejaculation occurs when semen enters the bladder instead of emerging through the
penis during orgasm. Although you still reach sexual climax, you might ejaculate very little or no
semen. This is sometimes called a dry orgasm. Retrograde ejaculation isn't harmful, but it can
cause male infertility.

4. Enumerate and discuss the three important criteria in semen ejaculation.

a. Volume
- Semen is released during ejaculation, and the normal semen volume ranges from 2 to 5ml per
ejaculate. Some companies sell products that are supposed to increase semen volume, but this is a
myth. On abstaining for a long time, the sperm counts within the semen may increase, but the
semen volume actually does not vary much from before.
b. Velocity
- The average sperm velocity in a normal semen analysis was 96.5 mu/sec, for those with normal
postcoital test (PCT) 96.6 mu/sec, and in those that established a pregnancy 91.6 mu/sec.
c. Ph
- An abnormal semen pH indicates the other than normal pH of human semen that has a range of
7.2-8.0, which is higher than the neutral ph. Acidic ejaculate (lower pH value) may indicate one
or both of the seminal vesicles are blocked. A basic ejaculate (higher pH value) may indicate an
infection.

5. What is Florence test and discuss its principle.

- This test was discovered by Dr.Florence in the year 1886. When Florence reagent
(PotassiumIodide+Iodine+Water) is applied to the slide it produces rhomboidal shape dark
crystals of choline periodide. Similarly, any tissue or biological material containing sufficient high
choline concentration would give positive Florence Test. According to Davis and Wilson, if swab
is collected within one day of sexual act, choline can be detected. At the same time if swab is
taken after 14 hours of intercourse, there is a possibility of negative result.

6. What is Barberio’s test and discuss its principle?

- Barberio’s test was invented by Barberio in the year 1905. When the questioned stain is allowed
to react with picric acid it leads to the formation of yellow needle shaped spermine picrate
crystals, including the presence of seminal stain.

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