F5 EG-When Words Fail-Printable-18-2 220131 081134

WHEN
WORDS
FA I L
a study of ps alms, volume I
ex perience guide
I LOVE YOU, O LORD,
MY STRENGTH. THE LORD IS
MY ROCK AND MY FORTRESS
AND MY DELIVERER,
MY GOD, MY ROCK,
I N W H O M I TA K E R E F U G E ,
MY SHIELD, AND THE HORN
O F M Y S A L VAT I O N ,
MY STRONGHOLD.
PSALM 18:1-2
Oh, friends,
I am so excited about this new journey through the book of Psalms.
When we gather for church on Sunday mornings, we sing songs of praise while the
words are projected onto a large screen. But I can still remember the days when my
feet would swing beneath the pew. Back then we had hymnals — books filled with
lyrics. We’d turn to a certain page number and follow along by singing each stanza.
In many ways, the book of Psalms is like a hymnal. It’s a collection of 150 songs and
prayers from ancient Israel. The Hebrews were known for their singing, and their
songs were a reminder of God’s presence in their lives. Some psalms celebrate God’s
magnificent power made manifest, like the parting of the Red Sea. (Psalm 106:9;
136:13) Other psalms remind us of God’s enduring faithfulness and forgiveness, that
no matter how far we wander, we are never beyond His reach. (Psalm 40:11; 86:15)
And certain psalms give expression to our deepest hurts and fears. (Psalm 5:1; 120:1)
The psalms are richly theological and deeply personal, all at the same time.
As a compilation written by several authors, the psalms provide a pattern for worship
and prayer we can follow. They show us how to come to God with our whole selves,
holding nothing back, because He understands us even better than we understand
ourselves. He knows our thoughts even before they fully form. (Psalm 139:4)
Whether we’re in a season of joy and gladness or grief and sorrow, we find the full
spectrum of life experiences and human emotions in the psalms, because the psalmists
get it. They understand how life is wrought with surprising twists and unexpected
turns, and they offer us a safe place where we can find refuge in God. Whenever we’re
at a loss for words, when the depths of our being cannot find expression, we can turn
to the psalms, for they give us the words we need and the permission to grieve.
The psalms also teach us the language of hope. They remind us where our help comes
from. (Psalm 121:1-2) Lying squarely in the middle of the Bible, the book of Psalms
calls us to worship our Creator and look toward our Redeemer.
Do you have a favorite comfy chair in your home? A special place where you retreat
from a long day? Let the psalms be that gentle place in Scripture we return to often
— a quiet place where our souls can find a much-needed respite from our everyday
circumstances and the world at large.
As we sojourn this poetic landscape together, may we become people who regularly
give praise and thanksgiving to the One who redeems and restores us. To Him be all
the glory.
GETTING TO KNOW THE AUTHORS
when words fail • experience guide

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D AV I D
King David may be one of the most well-known biblical characters. His name probably
brings to mind stories like David and Goliath, or David defeating bears and lions as a
young shepherd boy. He would eventually become the greatest king in Israelite history.
David’s name is mentioned over 1,000 times in the Old Testament and over 59 times
in the New Testament. The greatest king, Jesus, comes from the line of David. At the
height of the Davidic Kingdom, the Israelite empire ran from Egypt to Mesopotamia
over the course of 40 years.
King David was not only a brilliant military strategist; he was a gifted musician
and poet. We will come across psalms that David wrote in direct response to his own
circumstances. Through his psalms we get an intimate look at the man who was called
“a man after God’s own heart” (1 Samuel 13:14; Acts 13:22). We see his psalms of praise
in triumph, psalms of fear as he ran from Saul and psalms of deep repentance in
response to his sin with Bathsheba. Around 74 of the psalms are attributed to David,
and the majority of them are psalms of sorrow or lament.
hymn lament
praise royal trust thanksgiving wisdom
experience guide • when words fail

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A S A P H A N D FA M I LY
We are not told much about Asaph, but we do know that he was a descendant of
Gershom, the son of Levi, pointing to his connection with the priestly family of the
Levites. (1 Chronicles 6:39-43) Asaph was one of the singers whom David put in charge
of conducting songs in the house of the Lord. (1 Chronicles 6:31-39)
Some scholars believe that from Asaph a “guild of musicians” began that followed in his
musical tradition, and the songs that came out of the postexilic period for the Israelites
fell under the category of “Asaphic Collections.” Also, during the time of the exile, temple
singers were sometimes referred to as “Asaphites.” (Ezra 2:41) Therefore, there are 12
psalms that can be attributed to Asaph, or those within his musical tradition that bear
his name.
praise wisdom lament thanksgiving

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THE SONS OF KORAH
The sons of Korah belong to an important family that held significant leadership
responsibilities in the Jerusalem temple. We first see mention of them in 2 Chronicles
20:19, listed with the Kohathites as leading people in song and praise.
Based on Numbers 26:58, we find the family of Korah served as one of the five major
Levitical families. The Levites were set apart to serve as priests, offering sacrifices
and administering the Law of the Lord. (Deuteronomy 17:18; 33:8-10) The family’s
significance is further reinforced because they are specifically mentioned as the
authors of Psalms 42, 44-49, 84-85 and 87-88. There are at least 12 psalms that are
attributed to the Korahites, with Psalm 44 — a psalm of lament — being the longest.
praise royal wisdom lament

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THE REST OF THE PSALMISTS
The rest of Psalms is filled with authors who have written a few psalms, such as
Solomon and Moses, as well as psalms written anonymously. While knowing the
author can be helpful, the content of each psalm is most important.
As you read Psalms, consider the words, emotions, language, structure and
development. Feel what the authors felt and respond to the psalm as the author
responded. See the story of the psalms develop, all of them culminating to the truth
that in every detail and every emotion, we have a God who is present and cares. He
cares so deeply that He sent His own Son to experience all that we would experience so
Jesus could be a compassionate and empathetic High Priest. (Hebrews 4:15)

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THE ORIGINS OF PSALMS

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We live in a culture that wants fast results. We want to get to our destination as quickly
and efficiently as possible. We want to order our coffee and get through the checkout in
record time. We are so focused on the destination that we may never pause to consider
where we started. It would be so easy for us to turn to the book of Psalms and just start
reading, but before we start reading it would be very helpful to understand the origins of
the psalms. When asking where this all started, we need to also ask why it started. We need
to understand the origin story of the psalms before we can apply the depth and beauty of
these pages of Scripture to our story.
It might be tempting to group all the poetic and wisdom-type literature into Psalms and
Proverbs. However, this wouldn’t be true. The foundation of Psalms is found in the ancient
stories and songs of the Israelites. Some of these psalms emerged from a certain narrative
— an experience so significant that it resulted in a response. Some of the most ancient of
these psalms are:
• THE SONG OF THE SEA (EXODUS 15:1-18)
• THE SONG OF THE ARK (NUMBERS 10:35-36)
• THE ORACLES OF BAL AAM (NUMBERS 23-24)
• THE SONG OF MOSES (DEUTERONOMY 31:30-32:47)
• THE BLESSING OF MOSES (DEUTERONOMY 33)
• THE SONG OF DEBORAH (JUDGES 5)
• THE SONG OF HANNAH (1 SAMUEL 2:1-10)
Of all of these examples, the oldest and most likely the very first psalm is The Song of the Sea,
found in the middle of the Exodus story as the Israelites escaped from Egypt. This specific
event may mark the origin of the psalms as the Israelites responded to the goodness and
great deliverance of the Lord.

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The Song of the Sea is a song of praise. Throughout the centuries the Israelites looked back
on this song as they experienced or longed for deliverance. They remembered the goodness
of God in their past, expressed through this psalm, to fuel their faith in their present while
they anticipated a similar deliverance by God in their future. This song continues to be sung
within Jewish synagogues to this very day.
The beauty and benefit of Psalms is the way it encompasses all aspects of our human reality
and experience. While psalms like The Song of the Sea and The Song of Deborah reflect a
response of praise in the midst of deliverance, there are also psalms written in times of deep
despair and sorrow. Hannah’s ancient song represents this reality as she responds to her
barrenness. In a similar fashion we can see this lament take shape in David’s response to the
death of Saul, and David's best friend Jonathan. (2 Samuel 1:19-27) In these examples there is
a longing for the presence of God to provide comfort and relief of anguish.
Do you see the thread that ties each of these psalms, songs and stories together? It is either a
response to God, or an anticipation for God to respond. The ancient psalms were focused on
God and how He related to real experiences and emotions of humanity. These psalms would
have initially started in an oral tradition, passed down from generation to generation. At
some point it would be translated from oral to literary tradition and turned into collections
of responses based on the most significant human experiences.
It is from this foundation that the book of Psalms originated. The psalms as we have them
today can be broken up based on human experience and how that experience activates a
response to God. The book of Psalms is built on a long and ancient history that reaffirms
God’s people can praise, pray and plead all while knowing He is active in human history,
working in all our experiences toward His ultimate glory and for a greater good than we
can imagine.

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U N I Q U E LY P S A L M S
Each psalm has a story, rhythm and movement that elicits a human
response. In early Jewish history, these scriptural psalms were grouped
into five books that are neither dependent on authorship nor chronology.
In When Words Fail we will study the first two books, which include
Psalms 1-72. In just these first two books we will see the story, rhythm
and movement. Since the psalms have been translated from Hebrew,
some of that poetic brilliance is hidden behind the original language
and can be easily missed if we don’t pay close attention to the structure
and sequences the psalms were written in. It’s easy for us to read through
our own cultural lenses, but when we read the Scriptures we need to be
aware of the culture and style Scripture was first written in. As we read
through Psalms, pay close attention to these unique poetic components
that bring out more of the magnificence of the psalms.

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RHYTHM
It’s common to associate poetry with rhyme. But what happens when we read
Psalms and struggle to find rhyming words? Interestingly, the rhymes we find are
not necessarily specific words that rhyme with each other, but thoughts and emotions
stitched together through the chapters. As we carefully read through Psalms we will
find a sense of balance. Initially it is seen through a balance of lines or syllables within
verses, but underneath that is a balance of emotion. As we read through Psalms, pause
and reflect on the unique poetic beauty found within the balanced rhythm of emotion
and how they portray the full scope of human experience.
PA R A L L E L I S M
As we begin to see, feel and experience the rhythm of the psalms, we will also see a
stylistic structure intended to inform and guide us through our reading. We will often
find a connection of thought between the first and second verse. This style of poetry is
referred to as parallelism. This poetic parallel style can be implemented in a variety of
ways — from parts of speech, grammatical structure, ideas and phrases. As we read
through Psalms, pay close attention to the three major parallel strategies:

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1.
Synonymous Parallel
This is when both the first and second line are repetitive in nature.
An example of a synonymous parallel is Psalm 34:1. The words
“bless” and “praise” in the ESV refer to an action done by man
toward God because of how worthy He is. It is a synonymous
thought and action.
I W I L L B L E S S T H E LO R D AT A L L T I M E S ;
H I S P R A I S E S H A L L C O N T I N U A L LY B E I N M Y M O U T H .
Antithetic Parallel
This simply means the thought/idea in the first sentence
2.
in contrasted in the second sentence. It is antithetical or
opposite in some form and fashion. An example of an antithetical
parallel is Psalm 1:6 (CSB). Notice the contrast between the
righteous and wicked.
F O R T H E L O R D WAT C H E S O V E R T H E WAY O F T H E R I G H T E O U S ,
B U T T H E WAY O F T H E W I C K E D L E A D S T O R U I N .
3.
Synthetic Parallel
A synthetic parallel is when a psalm serves to enhance the
thought or idea in the first line through the second line. It aids in
developing the initial thought found in the first line and bringing
the thought to maturity in the second. Psalm 55:6 (ESV) is a great
example. Notice the relationship of the wings of the dove in the
first line and what those wings allow in the second line.
A N D I S AY, “ O H , T H AT I H A D W I N G S L I K E A D O V E !
I W O U L D F LY AWAY A N D B E AT R E S T .”
POETIC STRUCTURE
As we look at the details of style found in Psalms it’s also helpful to note that the psalms
are built within certain structural frameworks. The three primary structures found
within the book of Psalms are acrostic, strophe and chiasm.
The acrostic structure can be identified by looking at the beginning of a group of

verses. Often, these verses will go through a sequence of letters in the Hebrew Bible.
Take a moment and look at Psalm 34 for an example of a simple acrostic psalm. Psalm
119 is a more complex acrostic and spans eight verses per Hebrew letter.

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There are at least nine acrostic psalms. In order to really see this structure, we will
need to look at it in the original language as the letter sequence gets lost in translation.
To help you get started, here are the letters of biblical Hebrew:
HEBREW LETTER NAME P R O N U N C I AT I O N T R A N S L I T E R AT I O N
‫א‬ Alef (silent) ’
‫ב‬ Bet b as in boy b
‫ג‬ Gimel g as in God g
‫ד‬ Dalet d as in day d
‫ה‬ He h as in hay h
‫ו‬ Waw w as in way w
‫ז‬ Zayin z as in Zion z
‫ח‬ Ḥet ch as in Bach ḥ
‫ט‬ Tet t as in toy ṭ
‫י‬ Yod y as in yes y
‫כ‬ Kaf k as in king k
‫ל‬ Lamed l as in lion l

HEBREW LETTER NAME P R O N U N C I AT I O N T R A N S L I T E R AT I O N
‫מ‬ Mem m as in mother m
‫נ‬ Nun n as in now n
‫ס‬ Samek s as in sin s
‫ע‬ Ayin (silent) ‘
‫פ‬ Pe p as in pastor p
‫צ‬ Tsade ts as in boots ṣ
‫ק‬ Qof k as in king q
‫ר‬ Resh r as in run r
‫ׂש‬ Sin s as in sin ś
‫ׁש‬ Shin sh as in ship š
‫ת‬ Taw t as in toy t

Another type of structure we see in the psalms are called strophes. A strophe takes
multiple verses and groups them together. There is often some kind of cohesion
or commonality that ties strophes together. There are over 96 psalms that can be
categorized as a strophe. Some examples are Psalms 17, 40 and 66.
The third type of structure is called chiasm. We’ve been taught to read a very
particular way in English. We start from top to bottom and read from left to right.
Often, important information is in the beginning or the end. If we read chiastic psalms
with this method, we may struggle to identify the author's primary theme, because a
chiasm places the main point smack in the middle! Each line gives parallel thoughts
that mirror each other, but they work themselves out from the center. So, when we
read a chiastic psalm, we should pay close attention to what’s in the center. There are
around 49 chiastic psalms. Psalm 71 is a great example. The main focus of the psalm is
found in verse 12 — pleading for the nearness of God.

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1 In you, O Lord, do I take refuge;
let me never be put to shame!
2 In your righteousness deliver me and rescue me;
incline your ear to me, and save me!
3 Be to me a rock of refuge,
to which I may continually come;
you have given the command to save me,
for you are my rock and my fortress.
4 Rescue me, O my God, from the hand of the wicked,
from the grasp of the unjust and cruel man.
5 For you, O Lord, are my hope,
my trust, O Lord, from my youth.
6 Upon you I have leaned from before my birth;
you are he who took me from my mother's womb.
My praise is continually of you.
7 I have been as a portent to many,
but you are my strong refuge.
8 My mouth is filled with your praise,
and with your glory all the day.
9 Do not cast me off in the time of old age;
forsake me not when my strength is spent.
10 For my enemies speak concerning me;
those who watch for my life consult together
11 and say, “God has forsaken him;
pursue and seize him,
for there is none to deliver him.”
12 O God, be not far from me;
O my God, make haste to help me!
13 May my accusers be put to shame and consumed;
with scorn and disgrace may they be covered
who seek my hurt.
14 But I will hope continually
and will praise you yet more and more.
15 My mouth will tell of your righteous acts,
of your deeds of salvation all the day,
for their number is past my knowledge.
16 With the mighty deeds of the Lord God I will come;
I will remind them of your righteousness, yours alone.
17 O God, from my youth you have taught me,
and I still proclaim your wondrous deeds.
psalm 71
18 So even to old age and gray hairs,

O God, do not forsake me,
until I proclaim your might to another generation,
your power to all those to come.
19 Your righteousness, O God,
reaches the high heavens.
You who have done great things,
O God, who is like you?
20 You who have made me see many troubles and calamities
will revive me again;
from the depths of the earth
you will bring me up again.
21 You will increase my greatness
and comfort me again.
22 I will also praise you with the harp
for your faithfulness, O my God;
I will sing praises to you with the lyre,
O Holy One of Israel.
23 My lips will shout for joy,
when I sing praises to you;
my soul also, which you have redeemed.
24 And my tongue will talk of your righteous help all the day long,
for they have been put to shame and disappointed
who sought to do me hurt.
CONNECT PSALMS WITH
THE REST OF SCRIPTURE
Shared experiences have a way of tying people and communities

together. They also remind us that no matter what we’re going
through, we’re not alone.
Psalms speaks to each experience — joy, thanksgiving, praise

and lament. Psalms speaks to these situations and circumstances
through recollection of shared history (the exodus, Davidic
kingship, the exile), while anticipating a hopeful future (the
messianic psalms). The psalms can generally be identified with
three primary Old Testament historical settings:
1. Pre-exilic - before the exile of the Jews to Babylon

2. Exilic - during Babylonian exile
3. Postexilic - after the exile of the Jews to Babylon
As we journey through the psalms, we can categorize the original

circumstances surrounding the writing of these psalms into those
three historical settings.

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The psalms also hold a particular prophetic voice that can only be seen when we take a
step back and consider the larger context of the narrative of Scripture. Consider Psalm
55:12-15 that describes the betrayal of a close friend (Luke 22:3-6), or Psalm 69:21 and
the vinegar that was given to Christ on the cross. (John 19:28-30) In more vivid detail
we have Psalm 22:16 that details the piercing of hands and feet, and even the minutiae
of dividing garments and casting lots. (Psalm 22:18; Matthew 27:35) There are also
psalms that specifically point to the hope of the Resurrection. (Psalm 16:10)
The New Testament is filled with examples of Jesus and the disciples singing the ancient
psalms. In the midst of Peter and John’s arrest the first-century church pulled from
Psalm 2 as they prayed. (Acts 4:25-26) The psalms are filled with connection to God’s
faithfulness in the past and a hope for the future. In this way, Psalms connects us to the
entirety of Scripture, ultimately pointing us to Jesus.
The book of Psalms serves as an ancient hymnal of songs and prayers that have been
graciously given to the people of God for a particular purpose — the praise of God as it
relates to every and all circumstances of life. They infuse us with hope as we consider
the story of the people of God and the faithfulness of God.

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C AT E G O R I Z AT I O N O F P S A L M S B Y T Y P E
The psalms can be broken up into various

types, such as psalms of lament, praise or
thanksgiving. As you find yoursel f in different
seasons of your life, you can quickly turn to a
psalm “type” and be encouraged by these
ancient words speaking to the truth of who
God is and how we can respond to Him in the
midst of every emotion you experience.

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108
111
113
114
115
117
135
136
138
8 29 33 46 47 48 65 66 67 68 76 81 84 87 92 93 95 96 97 98 99 100 103 104 105 106 145 146 147 148 149 150
praise
30 32 34 40 75 107 116 118 1 19 37 49 50 73 78 112 119 2 18 20 21 45 72 89 101 110 144
thanksgiving wisdom royal

11
16
23
62
63
91 15 24 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134
trust hymn
26
27
28
31
35
3 4 5 6 7 9 10 12 13 14 17 22 25 36 38 39 41 42 43 44
lament
77
79
80
82
83
85
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 64 69 70 71 74 86 88 90 94 102 109 137 139 140 141 142 143
lament
PSALMS BY GENRE

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Another way to categorize the psalms is by viewing them as a genre within
a particular type. For example, we may be in a season of thankfulness
because life is going well and we can praise God. So, we can turn to all
the psalms that have a genre of thankfulness that are within the praise type.
THANKFULNESS PRAISE
33 48 65 66 68 92 95 98 100 103 105 106 108 111 117 136 138 145 146 147 148
However, what happens when we are in seasons of sorrow or lament? How can
we express thankfulness to God within these life circumstances? You can view
all the psalms of thankfulness (genre) that have a content of lament (type).
52
54
56
THANKFULNESS LAMENT 57
59
69
7 9 13 22 26 28 31 35 36 44 71 79 86 102 109 140 143

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THANKFULNESS PETITION FA I T H WORSHIP
thanksgiving wisdom
royal
royal
praise
thanksgiving
praise hymn
praise
lament royal trust

lament
lament
praise
hymn
lament
wisdom
wisdom
wisdom
hymn royal
hymn
thanksgiving trust
trust
thanksgiving trust wisdom
royal
lament
wisdom
wisdom
praise
thanksgiving
lament
trust
praise
thanksgiving praise
lament
royal
royal
lament
wisdom
praise
hymn
royal
trust trust
thanksgiving hymn
hymn
LOVE FA I T H F U L N E S S RIGHTEOUSNESS PROVIDENCE

major moments of psalms 1-72
THE FOLLOWING IS A LIST OF SOME OF THE MAJOR MOMENTS WITHIN
THE BOOK OF PSALMS. CHECK THE BOX AS YOU MEMORIZE EACH ONE.
PSALM 01: The ways of the wicked and righteous are examined.
PSALM 02: The Lord’s anointed will reign forever.
PSALM 03: David cries out to God to save him from Absalom.
PSALM 04: David calls to God and asks for an answer.
PSALM 05: God is the judger of the wicked and protector of the righteous.
PSALM 06: David puts his hope in God’s steadfast love to rescue him from sin.
PSALM 07: David wants to prove his innocence before God.
PSALM 08: God is infinitely great and gives mankind significance in His world.
PSALM 09: David praises God for His past deliverances and prays for future deliverance.
PSALM 10: The wicked, in their pride, believe God will not see their sin,
but God is mindful of the helpless and afflicted.
PSALM 11: How the righteous react to fear.
PSALM 12: Flattering lips can’t be trusted, but God’s Word is always sure.
PSALM 13: David cries out to God in fear, but his trust rests in God’s love.
PSALM 14: The evildoers do not know God and persecute His people.
PSALM 15: Those who dwell with God follow His will.
PSALM 16: The way of God is secure and joyful.
PSALM 17: David pleads for justice and vindication.
PSALM 18: David sings a song of praise to God for deliverance and salvation.
PSALM 19: God reveals Himself through His creation and His Word.
PSALM 20: A prayer is given for the king.
PSALM 21: The king and God’s people praise God’s strength.
PSALM 22: The Psalm of the Cross

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PSALM 23: The Lord is our shepherd and leads us with care.
PSALM 24: The King of Glory processes into Jerusalem.
PSALM 25: David asks God for guidance, deliverance and forgiveness on his and Israel’s behalf.
PSALM 26: David desires God’s judgment and cherishes God’s presence.
PSALM 27: David has confidence in God even as he waits.
PSALM 28: David pleads for justice on behalf of God’s people.
PSALM 29: The voice of the Lord is filled with glory.
PSALM 30: David thanks God for healing him and forgiving his pride.
PSALM 31: David cycles from fear to security.
PSALM 32: David teaches sinners to repent and turn to God.
PSALM 33: David gives honor to the Lord and declares his trust in Him.
PSALM 34: David invites the reader to rejoice with him and learn from him.
PSALM 35: The Lord defends David against his enemies.
PSALM 36: The wickedness of man is contrasted to the greatness of God.
PSALM 37: Blessed are the meek.
PSALM 38: David appeals to God for mercy in the midst of discipline.
PSALM 39: David speaks on the brevity of life.
PSALM 40: David brings a new song of deliverance.
PSALM 41: Blessed are the merciful.
PSALM 42: The sons of Korah explore spiritual depression.
PSALM 43: The sons of Korah ask God to lead by His light and truth.
PSALM 44: Israel searches for meaning after a great military loss.
PSALM 45: A wedding song for Christ and His bride
PSALM 46: God is a mighty fortress through all generations.
PSALM 47: God is King over all the earth.

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PSALM 48: Praise comes for the God of Zion.
PSALM 49: Wisdom is found in worshipping God, not money.
PSALM 50: God desires thanksgiving, not sacrifice.
PSALM 51: After committing adultery and murder, David comes to God seeking mercy.
PSALM 52: David prophesies destruction for Doeg the Edomite and refuge for the godly.
PSALM 53: A fool lives as if there is no God.
PSALM 54: David prays to God after being exposed by the Ziphites.
PSALM 55: David laments a betrayal by a close friend.
PSALM 56: David praises God for His care in the midst of trouble.
PSALM 57: David praises God for His steadfast love.
PSALM 58: Earthly leaders may be unjust, but God will bring about justice.
PSALM 59: David watches for God while he is being pursued by enemies.
PSALM 60: David calls out to God to remember His promises.
PSALM 61: The Lord can be trusted and is worthy of obedience.
PSALM 62: For God alone we wait.
PSALM 63: Even in the driest times, God’s presence is there to sustain.
PSALM 64: Evil may rule for a time, but God’s victory is coming.
PSALM 65: Thanksgiving for God’s abundant blessing
PSALM 66: God’s wonderful deeds are for corporate and individual praise.
PSALM 67: A prayer that all people will come to know and praise God
PSALM 68: God is great in His majesty and worthy of praise.
PSALM 69: David’s persecution and reproach echoes in Jesus’ life.
PSALM 70: David prays urgently for God’s help.
PSALM 7 1: The psalmist prays that God will not forsake him.
PSALM 72: The Davidic reign is perfected in Jesus.

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psalms 1 + 2 TODAY'S DATE:
Write a verse that summarizes the reading:
MAJOR MOMENT: Psalm 1: The ways of the wicked and righteous are examined.
Psalm 2: The Lord’s anointed will reign forever.
Psalm 1 was likely written as an introduction to the book. What does this lead you to expect from the rest of the
psalter (another name for the book of Psalms)?
The description of the wicked person is active but weak, and the description of the righteous person is still but
strong. Where do the righteous find their strength? Where do you find your strength? (Psalm 1:1-6)
What is God’s response to the earthly kings and rulers? (Psalm 2:4-6) What is the psalmist’s response? (Psalm 2:7)
Psalm 2 gives us our first clear glimpse of a savior in Psalms. In the immediate cultural context, that was King David,
but eternally, it’s King Jesus. How is Jesus’ eternal reign different than the earthly kings’ reign? (Psalm 2:1-7)

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MAJOR MOMENT: Psalm 3: David cries out to God to save him from Absalom.
Psalm 4: David calls to God and asks for an answer.
Psalm 3 gives us a reference to not only the author, but what is happening in his life at the time of this prayer.
According to 2 Samuel 15:12-14, what are the circumstances surrounding this psalm? How does knowing this
change the way you read the psalm?
2 Samuel 15:12-14 shows us that David was being pursued physically, but Psalm 3 tells us he was being pursued
emotionally and spiritually as well. What were others saying about David? How did David combat these lies?
(Psalm 3:1-3)
David’s immediate reality was difficult and trying, but he used prayer as a means to cry out to God and remind
himself of the truth of God’s salvation. Does prayer influence your difficult situations? How so?
Psalm 4 is another call from David to God. How is it similar to Psalm 3? How is it different?
Psalm 4:4 gives us a directive we don’t often see in Scripture —“be angry.” Is it possible to “be angry, and do not sin”?
(Ephesians 4:26-27) What is the wisdom in sitting in silence alone and thinking?

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psalm 5 TODAY'S DATE:
MAJOR MOMENT: God is the judger of the wicked and protector of the righteous.
The psalms give us such incredible language around the greatness of God. It’s a glimpse into the magnificence of
God and His relationship with His people. What does Psalm 5:4 tell us about God? What allows David (and us)
to be with God? (Psalm 5:7)
David is aware that he would not be able to be “righteous” without the help of God. What does David ask of God?
(Psalm 5:8)
Reading David’s words about evil and those who do evil can be scary and convicting. There can be times when
we seek deceit and destruction (Psalm 5:5, 9), but we don’t have to stay that way. What is our other option?
(Psalm 5:11-12) Do you find yourself identifying more with the evildoer or the righteous?
Read the words of protection in Psalm 5:11-12. What do you need refuge from today? How have you experienced
God’s shield?

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MAJOR MOMENT: David puts his hope in God’s steadfast love to rescue him from sin.
What is David asking for in Psalm 6:1? What is the difference between rebuke and discipline in anger versus love?
Psalm 6 is considered a “penitential psalm,” meaning David is confessing sorrow over his sin. We don’t know what
this particular sin is, though we may be able to relate to how it makes him feel. When have you experienced these
depths of emotion? (Psalm 6:2-3, 6-7)
What attribute of God is David appealing to? (Psalm 6:4) What is his argument that he should be saved?
(Psalm 6:4-5)
While David isn’t given any immediate resolution, he is comforted all the same. What brings him comfort?
(Psalm 6:8-10) Does this bring you comfort?

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MAJOR MOMENT: David wants to prove his innocence before God.
It’s difficult to know the historical context of this psalm, but scholars believe it is in the midst of David’s persecution
by Saul or Absalom. We can sense David’s emotions growing, but his sense of security remained the same.
(Psalm 7:1-2) How do David’s emotions work together with his knowledge of ultimate security?
David’s body isn’t the only thing under attack — his reputation and moral authority are being slandered.
(Psalm 7:3-5) This is not a small matter for anyone, let alone an anointed king of Israel. (Proverbs 22:1) Have you
experienced this kind of persecution? How did you respond?
What does it mean to you that God “feels indignation every day”? (Psalm 7:11) What causes Him indignation?
(Romans 1:18)
Ultimately, evil always receives justice. (Psalm 7:14-16) How does this relate with 2 Corinthians 4:17-18?

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week one notes

34
U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E
SUPERSCRIPTIONS TO THE PSALMS

35
REFERENCE TO PERSONS
This is the most common type of subscript we will find in the psalms.
King David is referenced in 73 psalms. Other references include:
Solomon: 2 psalms
Sons of Korah: 11 psalms
Asaph: 12 psalms
Moses: 1 psalm
Heman: 1 psalm
Ethan: 1 psalm
R E F E R E N C E T O H I S T O R I C A L S I T U AT I O N S
These appear in 14 psalms and all include David (except for Psalm 102)
REFERENCE TO THE TYPE OF POEM

The psalms each have unique structure and poetic features.
Some of the types of poems referenced in superscriptions are:
Psalm: ‫רֹוֹמְזִמ‬, mizmôr = Appears 57 times most commonly in connection with David
Song: ‫ריִׁש‬, šîr = Occurs 30 times
Maskil: ‫ליִּכְׂשַמ‬, măśkîl = A Hebrew term that means “to be wise” or “to have insight”
Michtam: ‫םָּתְכִמ‬, miktām = We see this term in six of David’s psalms. This Hebrew word means “golden” or “to inscribe.”
Shiggaion: ‫ןֹויָּגִׁש‬, šiggāyôn = Translated “to go astray” or “to wander”
Selah: ‫הָלֶס‬, selāh = There is a range of possible uses for this word. Selah comes from the Hebrew root which means “lift up.”
It could mean
To inject a pause
A lifting of voices (possibly in volume)
Instrumental interlude
G I T T I T H : a stringed instrument | p sa l m 8 , 8 1 an d 8 4
other musical terms
A I J E L E T H S H A H A R : translated “hind of the dawn.”

probably a common ancient melody that would be accompanied with the psalm. | p s al m 2 2
S H O S H A N N I M : translated as “lily” or “according to the lily.”

possibly a stringed instrument in the shape of a lily or another ancient melody
to be accompanied with the psalm. | p sal m 45 , 6 9 an d 8 0
M A H A L A T H : a didactic psalm intended to be sung

with an accompaniment of a lute or guitar. | p s al m 5 3
M A H A L A T H L E A N N O T H : a Hebrew phrase translated as “the suffering of affliction,”

perhaps also an ancient melody that would be sung with songs of lament and affliction. | p s al m 8 8
MAJOR MOMENT: God is infinitely great and gives mankind significance in His world.
Psalm 8 is such a wonderful psalm to orient our hearts and minds to the greatness of God. What attributes of God
do you see in this psalm?
God’s greatness becomes even more significant when we realize that it includes Him being mindful of and caring for
us. (Psalm 8:3-4) Is this surprising to you? Why or why not? How do you experience God’s care for you?
Where did God put mankind in His creation? What did He make our status? (Psalm 8:5) How does this influence
the way you think about others? Yourself ?
What does Psalm 8:5-8 say that God put mankind in charge of ? How can we show care for our “dominion” today?

38
MAJOR MOMENT: David praises God for His past deliverances and prays for future deliverance.
Read Psalm 9:1. How does David go about giving thanks? Why is this an important part of thanking God?
One wonderful aspect of Psalms is it gives us a really clear view of how much God cares for the oppressed. How do
you see that in Psalm 9?
The Westminster Shorter Catechism is a theologically rich summary of doctrine for the Church of England, first
published in 1647. The first question is, “What is the chief end of man?” After reading Psalm 9:13-14, how would
you answer this question?
David’s psalms often revolve around him asking God to take notice of him and judge the wicked. (Psalm 9:19) This
may seem like bold requests from a man to God, but God invites us to pray boldly to Him. (Philippians 4:6-7; 1
John 5:14-15) If you are feeling hopeless or forgotten today, let Psalm 9:18 sit in your heart. Take some time to write
a bold prayer to God, as David did.

39
MAJOR MOMENT: The wicked, in their pride, believe God will not see their sin, but God is mindful of the
helpless and afflicted.
The opening line sets the tone of this psalm. (Psalm 10:1) When does God feel far away or hidden in your life? How
do you usually respond?
In reference to Psalm 10, 16th-century theologian Martin Luther is quoted as saying, “There is not, in my judgment,
a psalm which describes the mind, the manners, the works, the words, the feelings and the fate of the ungodly with
so much propriety, fullness and light, as this psalm.”1 According to Psalm 10:2-4, what keeps the “wicked” from
seeing and pursuing God?
Who are the “afflicted” that we can be praying for? (Psalm 10:12) What are some ways we can tangibly help them?
Throughout this psalm, we see the arrogance of the wicked who believe that God cannot or will not see their
actions. (Psalm 10:5-6, 11, 13) This is referred to as “functional atheism” — effectively acting as if God does not
exist or He is not who He says He is — and it is something we are all capable of believing from time to time. When
have you caught yourself acting out of functional atheism? What is the truth about God? (Psalm 10:14-18) How
can you guard yourself against functional atheism?
1 Cited by C.H. Spurgeon, The Treasury of David, vol. la, Psalms 1-26 (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1968), p. 115.

40
MAJOR MOMENT: Psalm 11: How the righteous react to fear.

Psalm 12: Flattering lips can’t be trusted, but God’s Word is always sure.
What is David advised to do in light of the trouble he is in? (Psalm 11:1b-3) What does he do instead? (Psalm 11:1a)
Psalm 11:3 poses a question: What do I do when my life crumbles around me? What is your typical response to that
question? How does David’s reaction in this psalm influence your future response?
Psalm 11:4-7 gives us a beautiful description of God, with a wonderful promise at the end! What is that promise?
“Flattering lips” may seem fairly innocent, but they get harsh words throughout Scripture. (Psalm 12:3-4) Why are
“flattering lips” considered so dangerous? (Daniel 11:32; Romans 16:18; 2 Peter 2:1-3)
How is the Lord’s Word different from those that come from “flattering lips”? (Psalm 12:6-7) Whose words are you
trusting today?

41
MAJOR MOMENT: Psalm 13: David cries out to God in fear, but his trust rests in God’s love.
Psalm 14: The evildoers do not know God and persecute His people.
Psalm 13 shows us that David felt forgotten and shaken. (Psalm 13:1-4) Was he wrong to feel this way? Can feelings
be wrong?
Read Psalm 14. This psalm examines the “godless” and two of the typical ways they behave. What does Psalm 14:1-3
reveal about the godless? What does Psalm 14:4-6 reveal about the godless?
What connections do you see between Romans 1:21-23 and Psalm 14?
There is a hard truth about those who do not love God repeated in Psalm 14: There is none who does good. You
may know many people who do not love God. How does this truth affect your relationship with them? With God?

42
week two notes

43
MAJOR MOMENT: Psalm 15: Those who dwell with God follow His will.
Psalm 16: The way of God is secure and joyful.
In Psalm 15:1, David posits a question, as if asking for the requirements of admittance. A response a Jew at that time
could expect would be a list of ritual cleansings and sacrifices, (Exodus 19:10-15) but that’s not the answer given.
What requirements are given? (Psalm 15:2-5) How is this answer different than a list of ritualistic requirements?
Psalm 15:2-4 could also be read as a description of God’s character, suggesting that being with God means being like
God. Since we know it is impossible to be perfect and that we cannot earn our salvation by being good, what do you
take this to mean? (Ephesians 5:1; 1 Peter 2:21; 1 John 2:6)
What does it mean to choose God as your portion and your cup? (Psalm 16:5) What does choosing God look like
in your life? How can you “set the Lord always before [you]” (Psalm 16:8)?
My friend, I hope as you study today, you do feel the fullness of joy in God’s presence. Take some time to reflect, and
write a prayer asking God to reveal to you His safe and pleasant places. (Psalm 16:11)

44
MAJOR MOMENT: David pleads for justice and vindication.
David makes an interesting request of God in Psalm 17:2. From whom does he ask for his vindication to come?
How is that different than pursuing his own vindication?
How does David describe his attacker? (Psalm 17:10-12) Is it significant that the first description is they “close their
hearts to pity”? What is the danger of a hard heart?
David understands there will be wicked people in this life who will prosper. (Psalm 17:14) This is not a new
revelation in Scripture as we see it comes up many times. ( Jeremiah 12:1; Job 21:7-12; Psalm 94:3) Psalm 37
explores this further, but what does it say as consolation to those who may suffer in life? (Psalm 37:10-11)
How does David end this prayer? (Psalm 17:15) What is his reward?

45
MAJOR MOMENT: David sings a song of praise to God for deliverance and salvation.
Psalm 18 is echoed, almost exactly, in 2 Samuel 22 near the very end of David’s life. He seems to be reflecting on his
life with God. What words does David use to describe God’s relationship with him? (Psalm 18:1-3)
In David’s reflection, he is able to see how God strengthened him and brought him through life faithfully. How
does David describe where God brought him? (Psalm 18:19a, 36a) What feelings does this evoke in you?
David’s relationship with God was different than ours, because we are under a new covenant with Jesus.
How did the Lord deal with David? (Psalm 18:20, 24) How is that different from how He deals with us?
(Romans 3:21-26; 8:3-4)
Who ultimately dictates the relationship between God and David? (Psalm 18:30-36, 46-50)
The immediate context of this psalm is with David, but as John Calvin maintains, a lot of this psalm “applies more
truly to the person of Christ.”1 Paul even uses Psalm 18:49 as part of the prophecy of the Messiah to Gentiles.
(Romans 15:9) What else in this psalm do you see that points to Christ?
1 J. C. (n.d.). Psalm 18. In J. A. (Trans.), Commentary on Psalms (Vol. 1). Grand Rapids, MI: Christian Classics Ethereal Library.

46
T HE H E AVE NS D ECL A R E
TH E G LORY OF G O D,
AND TH E SKY ABOV E
P ROCL AIMS H IS H A N D I WO RK.
PSAL M 19 :1

47
MAJOR MOMENT: God reveals Himself through His creation and His Word.
This psalm is split into three very distinct subjects: God’s revelation of Himself in nature (Psalm 19:1-6), His
revelation of Himself through His Word (Psalm 19:7-10) and the response of the worshipper. (Psalm 19:11-14)
How do you experience God through His creation? How do you experience God through His Word?
Nature is described as having a wordless voice that is still able to be heard. (Psalm 19:1-4) How do you understand
this paradox?
Read Psalm 19:7-10.
What nouns does David give What adjectives does David give What verbs does David give
God’s Scripture? (look for what God’s Scripture? (look for what comes God’s Scripture? (look for what
comes before “of the Lord”) after “of the Lord”) comes after the adjective)
What do these reveal about the purposes of God’s Word?
What is the worshipper’s response to God’s revelation through His creation and His Word? (Psalm 19:11-14)

48
MAJOR MOMENT: A prayer is given for the king.
Psalm 20 takes on a slightly different form than we have seen so far in our study. This psalm is composed for the
Jewish people to sing in prayer for their king. This is a corporate psalm — a liturgy. What is the benefit of having
corporate as well as individual psalms and prayers?
What does 1 Timothy 2:1-4 say about praying for a king or authority figure? Does this align with what is said in
Psalm 20?
What kind of king is described in this psalm?
What are the defining characteristics of the prayerful? (Psalm 20:7-8)

49
week three notes

50
MAJOR MOMENT: The king and God’s people praise God’s strength.
It’s likely that Psalm 21 is an accompaniment or response to Psalm 20, so take a moment to refresh yourself on
Psalm 20.
What specific blessings is the king giving thanks for? (Psalm 21:1-7)
What is the correlation between Psalm 21:4 and 2 Samuel 7:12-16? What is the ultimate implication of this?
(Matthew 1:1)
Who are the enemies of God according to Psalm 21:8? Why is this important to know? What does Romans 5:10
say about us?
A descriptor of God and His love used frequently in Psalms is “steadfast” and “strong.” (Psalm 21:7, 13) How does
God’s steadfast love and strength influence the way you relate to Him?

51
MAJOR MOMENT: The Psalm of the Cross
Psalm 22 is referred to as the “Psalm of the Cross” because it prophesies Christ’s execution on the cross. Although
David wrote this psalm, there does not seem to be an account in his life that mirrors this psalm as closely as Christ’s
death. Where do you see Jesus in this psalm?
Read Psalm 22:1 and then Matthew 27:46. What was Jesus experiencing at His death? When have you experienced
this disorientation?
This psalm vacillates between “I/me” stanzas and “You” stanzas — moving from concerns about David’s (or Jesus’)
experiences to statements about God’s authority and goodness. You may experience this pattern in your own prayer
life. Why is it important you include the “I/me” concerns with the “You” truths?
The “I/me” and “You” stanzas end at Psalm 22:21. What is the focus for the rest of the chapter? (Psalm 22:22-31)

52
MAJOR MOMENT: The Lord is our shepherd and leads us with care.
If you are familiar with any psalm, it is most likely Psalm 23. What is your experience with Psalm 23? What emotions
does it elicit?
Psalm 23 may be so beloved because, although it is not free from trouble, it is devoid of fear or anxiety. This peaceful
psalm rests on the foundation of its first line — “The Lord is my shepherd.” What does it mean for the Lord to be
your shepherd? How might your life change if this was the foundation of who you are?
Usually when you see “Lord” in the Old Testament, as in this case, it is the English translation of the personal name
that God told Moses — I Am Who I Am. (Exodus 3:13-15) Does your reading of Psalm 23 change when you insert
“I Am Who I Am” for “Lord”?
Does David indicate that the “valley of the shadow of death” is less of a “path of righteousness” than green pastures
and still waters? (Psalm 23:2-4) Is this what you would have expected?

53
MAJOR MOMENT: The King of Glory processes into Jerusalem.
Ultimately, the earth and everything on it is the Lord’s. (Psalm 24:1-2) What does this mean for us as part of and
partakers in God’s creation?
Read Psalm 24:3-6. What question is asked? What does the person who comes to God receive? (Psalm 24:5)
This is a glimpse of the doctrine of justification by faith that we see fully in the New Testament. (Romans 5:1;
Galatians 3:24)
Psalm 24 is often linked with the return of the Ark to Jerusalem, but it foreshadows even more than that. It
tells of the entering of the King of Glory. (Psalm 24:7-10) What other instances does this Psalm foreshadow?
(Matthew 21:7-11; 28:5-10; Acts 1:9-11)
Who do you say the King of Glory is? (Psalm 24:10)

54
MAJOR MOMENT: David asks God for guidance, deliverance and forgiveness on his and Israel’s behalf.
In the ESV translation, Psalm 25:1 says “To you, O Lord, I lift up my soul.” That is a striking image. What does it
mean “to lift up [your] soul”? What do you lift your soul up to besides God?
David often asks God to teach him and lead him in God’s own ways. (Psalm 25:4-5) If David needed teaching and
leading, how much more so do we? What is the danger of assuming we know God’s ways? How can we go about
being taught and led by God?
Even though David had a close relationship with God, he was certainly not sinless. What did he understand about
his salvation? (Psalm 25:7, 11) Where did his hope of forgiveness lie? (Psalm 25:18-20)

55
week four notes

56
MAJOR MOMENT: David desires God’s judgment and cherishes God’s presence.
David seeks God’s judgment over man’s judgment in his life. (Psalm 26:1-3) Is this the wiser choice? Why or
why not?
In an attempt to prove his innocence to God, David makes it clear that he doesn’t even associate with liars, hypocrites
and evildoers. (Psalm 26:4-5) While we are always called to be loving to every person, we cannot always choose to
be with them. ( John 17:14-18) What do the people closest to you say about your innocence?
Psalm 26 is thought to be a psalm used by priests before entering the temple. (Psalm 26:6) How did David feel
about the temple? (Psalm 26:8)
While God’s glory doesn’t dwell in churches in the same way that it dwelled in the temple, the church is still an
important part of meeting with God in corporate and individual worship. Do you love God’s house and presence
like David did? Why or why not?

57
MAJOR MOMENT: David has confidence in God even as he waits.
David’s psalms exude a radical confidence. (Psalm 27:1-3) Who do you know that has this kind of radical confidence?
Is it a confidence you see often?
Through his psalms, we know David asks God for a lot of things, but at the core of each one is the same request
— “that I may dwell in the house of the Lord all the days of my life, to gaze upon the beauty of the Lord and
to inquire in his temple” (Psalm 27:4). What does this communicate about how David worshipped God? What is
the core request of your prayers?
Psalm 27:7-10 can be a passage of great comfort, especially to those who have been hurt or abandoned by their
parents. Know, friend, that no matter what, God will not hide His face or turn away in anger. Take some time to
write these verses in your own words as a prayer to God.
David knew what it meant (and what it cost) to wait on the Lord. (Psalm 27:14) What was David’s hope? (Psalm
25:3; Isaiah 40:31) Are you waiting on God right now? How can we honor God in our wait?

58
MAJOR MOMENT: David pleads for justice on behalf of God’s people.
In David’s distress, on whom did he call? (Psalm 28:1) Who is the first person you call on when you are upset?
Why do you choose that person?
What is David crying out for? (Psalm 28:3-5) Does he find it? (Psalm 28:6-7) How does this relate to Luke 18:6-8?
Read Psalm 28:8-9 and Ephesians 1:3-14. Who are God’s people today? What is God’s heritage?

59
MAJOR MOMENT: The voice of the Lord is filled with glory.
What does it mean for us to “ascribe to the Lord” (Psalm 29:1-2)? What could this look like in your life?
Psalm 29:3-9 focuses on the “voice of the Lord.” We may often think of other aspects of God and His glory, but
this psalm begs us to remember that even His voice is full of power and glory. What are some of the effects of God’s
voice in this passage?
Have you experienced God’s voice? How do you listen for God’s voice and recognize it as His? ( John 10:27)

60
MAJOR MOMENT: David thanks God for healing him and forgiving his pride.
Psalm 30 opens with David praising God for healing. (Psalm 30:1-4) What are some instances you can recall from
Scripture when God heals? What kind of healing have you experienced from God?
Psalm 30:5 is often quoted in the midst of grief and suffering as a beautiful contrast of the fleeting nature of pain and
the eternality of joy, but it is expanded even further in the New Testament. Read John 16:20-22 and 2 Corinthians
4:17. What is the difference between troubles versus joy and troubles that produce joy?
David is confessing the sin of self-reliance and pride in Psalm 30:6. This subject comes up often in the psalms,
because it is widespread in human nature. How did it affect David’s relationship with God? How has pride affected
your relationship with God?
Those who are not well acquainted with God and His teachings may only see limitations and restrictions, but the
reality of God’s law and grace is so much bigger than that. What kinds of exchanges does God make? (Psalm 30:11)

61
week five notes

62
MAJOR MOMENT: David cycles from fear to security.
David often pleads with God to deliver him “in [God’s] righteousness” (Psalm 31:1) or “for [God’s] name’s sake”
(Psalm 31:3). This indicates that David understood God’s ultimate goal — His glory. (Isaiah 43:6-7; Ezekiel 20:8-9;
Ephesians 1:5-6) Why is it important to understand our Father’s goal? Knowing God’s nature of love, goodness and
righteousness, does His goal bring you comfort or fear?
Psalm 31:5 became Jesus’ last words before dying on the cross. (Luke 23:46) What did Jesus, being fully God and
fully man, understand about His part in His Father’s goal? ( John 12:27-32; 13:31-35)
This psalm makes two full cycles from fear to security — first in Psalm 31:1-8 and again in Psalm 31:9-24. David’s
emotions seem to constantly roll like a wave, but he continues to bring his emotions to God and take refuge in Him.
(This is part of the reason we have so many psalms!) How can we use David’s psalms in our own lives as we cycle
through emotions? Take some time today to look up other characters in Scripture who utilized the psalms.
In Psalm 31:23, the faithful are contrasted to the prideful. These are not words most of us would consider opposites.
What does this indicate about the relationship between faithfulness and humility? Wickedness and pride?

63
MAJOR MOMENT: David teaches sinners to repent and turn to God.
Who does David say is blessed? (Psalm 32:1-2) What is the difference between being sinless and forgiven? Why
does this distinction matter? (Romans 4:1-8)
Psalm 32:5 gives a brief but incredibly profound view of the gospel and God’s plan of salvation. In your own words,
how would you explain the gospel?
Psalm 32 was reportedly fourth-century theologian and philosopher Saint Augustine’s favorite psalm. He is
famously quoted to have said, “the beginning of knowledge is to know oneself to be a sinner.”1 Does this psalm
seem to support or refute this statement? How so?
David is using this psalm to instruct others how to come to God and seek forgiveness “when [God] may be found”
(Psalm 32:6). When may God be found? (2 Corinthians 6:1-2) Is there a time when God may not be found?
1 Boice, J. M. (2005). Psalms 1–41: An Expositional Commentary (p. 277). Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books.

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MAJOR MOMENT: David gives honor to the Lord and declares his trust in Him.
The psalms are closely related to praise and music. What does Psalm 33:1-3 say about this relationship? What is the
quality of the music? Why is this important?
Fear and awe are natural responses to God. (Psalm 33:8) What examples does David give that inspire fear and awe?
(Psalm 33:4-7, 9) What inspires you to feel fear and awe?
It can be easy to forget the depth to which God knows us and our hearts. (Psalm 33:15) How does this influence
your relationship with God?
Read Psalm 33:16-17. The great army, human strength and war horse are not bad in and of themselves, but they are
not a hope for salvation or rescue. When have you been let down by earthly hopes for salvation?

65
MAJOR MOMENT: David invites the reader to rejoice with him and learn from him.
Psalm 34:1 may bring to mind another verse from the New Testament — 1 Thessalonians 5:16-18. Why are these
directives significant to believers? What does it look like for you to “bless the Lord at all times”?
This psalm was written during arguably one of the lowest points in David’s life (1 Samuel 21) and yet in his
testimony, he speaks of having a “radiant” face and that he’ll “never be ashamed” (Psalm 34:5). We see a similar
experience in Exodus 34:29 and 2 Corinthians 3:18. What areas of your life are being transformed as a result of
God's presence in your life?
We may not consider God something we can “taste and see,” (Psalm 34:8) but David asks us to reconsider. What
does David want to remind his readers about the reality of God and His physical presence with us?
What does Psalm 34:9-14 suggest as some of the practical steps to “tasting and seeing”?

66
MAJOR MOMENT: The Lord defends David against his enemies.
Psalms like Psalm 35 can be difficult to wrap our minds around. Since we are under the new covenant established
by Christ, we are more used to “love your enemies” (Matthew 5:43-44) instead of “let them be put to shame and
dishonor” (Psalm 35:4). Does David’s status as king and judge of Israel give him different authority? What is our
responsibility in the face of wrong done to us? What about wrong done to God?
The angel of the Lord is only referred to in the psalter in Psalms 34:7 and 35:5-6. We also see him appear at other
times in Scripture. (Genesis 16:7-13; Exodus 23:20-22; Joshua 5:13-15; Daniel 3:25-30) What do these instances
tell us about him?
Psalm 35 has a fairly defined pattern that repeats in verses 1-10, 11-18 and 19-28. What pattern do you identify in
these three parts?
David, much like us, seemed to expect good for good, but that is not what he got. He received evil for good.
(Psalm 35:12-16) Should he have expected evil? Why or why not? (1 Peter 4:12)

67
week six notes

68
MAJOR MOMENT: The wickedness of man is contrasted to the greatness of God.
In the ESV translation, the opening verse of Psalm 36 gives us a close and sinister view of the relationship humans
have with sin. Sin has the power to needle into our brains and speak to our souls. What kind of lies has sin
(transgression) spoken to you? (Psalm 36:1) How can we protect ourselves from the lies of sin?
One of the hallmarks listed of the wicked is that they do not “reject evil” (Psalm 36:4). Why is it necessary to
actively reject evil?
This psalm gives physical representations to God’s attributes. What are God’s attributes and how are they described?
(Psalm 36:5-9)
How does David go about protecting himself against evil? (Psalm 36:11) What are some ways, along with prayer,
that can be helpful as you protect yourself against evil?

69
MAJOR MOMENT: Blessed are the meek.
It’s easy to dismiss the idea of being “envious of wrongdoers,” but the truth is, we envy all the time, no matter who
the person is or what they have! (Psalm 37:1) What incites envy in you? How do you protect yourself against envy?
In the ESV, Psalm 37:3 gives us the beautiful image of befriending faithfulness. The NIV portrays it as dwelling in
safe pasture. What does it mean to befriend faithfulness? How does it relate to dwelling in safe pasture?
Psalm 37 is a great explanation of Jesus’ words in Matthew 5:5, “Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the
earth.” What have you learned about meekness through this psalm? How does God feel about the meek?
How do we grow in meekness? (Psalm 37:3-7, 23, 29-31)
One of the qualities of the righteous (or meek) is generosity. (Psalm 37:21) How can we seek out opportunities for
generosity?

70
MAJOR MOMENT: David appeals to God for mercy in the midst of discipline.
Psalm 38 is another penitential psalm. David is confessing a sin to God and seeking His mercy in the midst of
discipline. (Psalm 38:1) David’s confession shows a deep understanding of sin. What do your confessions look like?
What do they say about your sense of sin?
The reality is that sin is a heavy burden — but it is not one that we have to be tied to anymore. (Psalm 38:4) How
can we set down this burden? What does Jesus have to say about it? (Matthew 11:28-30)
David does not seem to argue whether or not he deserves discipline, (Psalm 38:5, 18) but he does ask God to show
him mercy instead of wrath. While we don’t know the severity of David’s sin, we do know the appropriate outcome.
(Romans 6:23) What was David’s hope? (Psalm 38:22) What is ours?
What is the difference between being disciplined and punished? Was David being disciplined or punished?

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MAJOR MOMENT: David speaks on the brevity of life.
The preface in Psalm 39:1-3 works to pique our interest in what David is about to say. For whatever reason, it is clear
he was trying to keep from saying what he is about to now say. Who did David decide to bring this to? (Psalm 38:4)
When should we be silent before others and speak before God?
What does it seem David was contemplating that caused him such distress? (Psalm 39:4-6)
In Psalm 38 we see David on the brink of death, so it is no surprise that it is followed with a musing on the brevity
and futility of life. How does this psalm relate to James 4:13-17?

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MAJOR MOMENT: David brings a new song of deliverance.
The book of Psalms is full of songs from David. What is his new song? What is its purpose? (Psalm 40:3)
David was overwhelmed by the amount of good deeds and thoughts he could proclaim about God. (Psalm 40:5)
What can we proclaim about God today?
The full story of redemption is not yet revealed in the Old Testament, but what glimpse of it can we see in
Psalm 40:6-11?

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week seven notes

74
MAJOR MOMENT: Blessed are the merciful.
God has always called His people to care for the poor (also translated weak or helpless) because He cares for the
poor. (Deuteronomy 15:10-11; Proverbs 14:31; Isaiah 25:4) Psalm 41:1 doesn’t just say blessed is the one who gives
to the poor, but it says “blessed is the one who considers the poor.” Is there a difference in giving and considering?
Ask God to open your eyes to see the poor and consider their needs.
David pleads for God to show grace and mercy to him in Psalm 41:4-10. He is aware that, although he is king
of Israel, he is the one in a weak and poor position. What are the actions of his enemies? What seems to be
their motive?
Part of this psalm is quoted by Jesus in John 13:18. How are these situations similar?
David gives a beautiful testimony to close out book one of the Psalms. (Psalm 41:11-13) Why is it significant
that he says “you delight in me” instead of “you will delight in me,” and “you have upheld me” instead of “you will
uphold me”?

75
MAJOR MOMENT: The sons of Korah explore spiritual depression.
Psalm 42 (and continuing in 43) has the refrain “Why are you downcast, O my soul?” This is a question that every
Christian will face at one point in their life. We can think of this as spiritual depression, or as 16th-century reformer
John of the Cross expressed in his poem by the same name, a Dark Night of the Soul. Have you experienced this?
How would you describe it in your own words?
The sons of Korah describe this as a soul drought. (Psalm 42:1-2) What were they searching for?
What is the source of living water? ( John 4:10) What is the living water? ( John 7:37-39)
Nineteenth-century theologian and preacher Charles Spurgeon is famously quoted as saying, “I kiss the wave that
throws me against the Rock of Ages.” What does this mean to you in light of Psalm 42:7-11?

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MAJOR MOMENT: The sons of Korah ask God to lead by His light and truth.
Psalm 43 is believed to be a continuation of Psalm 42. How is it similar? How is it different?
This passage does not shy away from asking God “why?” (Psalm 43:2, 5) We live in a “why” culture — always
wanting to know the meaning behind something. While this psalm doesn’t seem to reflect that God dislikes the
question of “why,” it also doesn’t provide us an answer. What is the sure hope presented? (Psalm 43:3-5)
The sons of Korah ask God to lead them, instead of being led by their downcast soul. (Psalm 43:3-4) Where does
following God always lead?

77
MAJOR MOMENT: Israel searches for meaning after a great military loss.
After the first eight verses of Psalm 44, you may not expect this to be a lament, but the Israelites seem to be seriously
confused about why God would save in the past, but not in the present. What is the nation’s spiritual state at this
point? (Psalm 44:9-16)
While we don’t know the exact historical context of this psalm, Psalm 44:22 gives a hint of what was happening
with the Israelites — they were killed “for [God’s] sake.” This leads us to believe that this was not punishment or
discipline, but persecution. This is why it had nothing to do with their faithfulness — or perhaps it was the price of
faithfulness! How can we identify the difference between earthly persecution and heavenly discipline?
Christ and His disciples act out this pattern in Mark 4:35-41. What similarities do you see in Psalm 44:23-26?

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MAJOR MOMENT: A wedding song for Christ and His bride
Psalm 45 is a totally unique and beautiful psalm centered on love and a royal wedding. Likely this was composed
for the wedding of a king of Israel, but it’s grandiosity looks forward to the greater King and His bride.
(Ephesians 5:29-32)
Read Psalm 45:2-5. These verses could be general flattery to an earthly king, but they fit much more accurately for
Jesus. What attributes do you see that point to Jesus?
It would be impossible to read Psalm 45:6-7 as purely about a human king as it seems to refer to the King as God
and anointed by God. What does this echo about Jesus and the Trinity?
The bride’s full allegiance to her new husband is expected. (Psalm 45:10) This falls directly in line with what Christ
says in Luke 14:26. What does it mean to give full allegiance and submission to Christ? What does it look like in
your life?
The bride is gloriously adorned and prepared for her union with her groom. (Psalm 45:13-15) What does
this preparation look like for us as we wait on the return of our groom — Christ? (2 Corinthians 11:2;
1 Thessalonians 1:9-10; 1 John 3:2-3)

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week eight notes

80
A Mighty Fortress Is Our God
GOD IS OUR REFUGE AND STRENGTH,
A Mighty Fortress Is Our God
A V E 
RY PRESENT HELP IN TROUBLE. PSALM 46:1
        
                
     
                   
                 
                 
                  
      
        
       
  
       

        

      
       
                   
               
               
                
             
       
     

 
      
   

    
         

  
                  
                    
                   
                     
              
  
 
 
 
         
 
 
       
        
 

              
             
             
                 

            
   
          


MAJOR MOMENT: God is a mighty fortress through all generations.
During the time of the Protestant Reformation, Martin Luther wrote the song “A Mighty Fortress Is Our
God” based on his understanding of Psalm 46. Take a moment to listen to the song and read the lyrics on the
opposite page.
In what three kinds of situations do the psalmists find strength in God? (Psalm 46:1-3, 4-7, 8-11)
Psalm 46:1-3 can represent a natural threat, but it also foreshadows the end of creation — the time when we will
most fully feel our dependence on God. While we don’t know exactly what this will be like, what do we know for
sure? (Psalm 102:25-28)
What renews your confidence in God?
As Luther did with his hymn, take some time to write a few verses in your own words.

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MAJOR MOMENT: God is King over all the earth.
There is a time for all kinds of worship and songs for God. What kind is represented in Psalm 47:1? How do you
relate differently to God through various types or styles of worship?
God could have been Israel’s one and only king. This psalm of joy over His kingship shows a glimpse of what could
have been. What happened to God’s kingly relationship with Israel? (1 Samuel 8)
What are the responses to God’s kingship in this psalm? (Psalm 47:2, 6, 9)
God is King over all of the earth, but He chose Israel to have a special relationship with Him. (Psalm 47:3-
4) Whether we are Jew or Gentile we are now all promised that same heritage and relationship with God.
(Ephesians 3:1-6) What does God’s kingship look like in your life? Is this how you want it to look?

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MAJOR MOMENT: Praise comes for the God of Zion.
Zion ( Jerusalem/City of God) was — and is — a real physical place, but this psalm suggests more than a literal
reading of the city. How does Psalm 48 lead you to interpret the city of the Lord?
While there are many definitions of the City of God, what ultimately makes Zion significant? (Psalm 48:8;
Isaiah 2:1-5; Matthew 5:35)
“Heard and seen” are often found together in Scripture. (Psalm 48:8; Job 42:5; John 20:28-29; Romans 10:17)
What have you heard and then seen God do?
Read Psalm 48:11. We don’t generally think of judgment as a reason to rejoice. What is the reason for rejoicing in
God’s just judgment?
How were the Israelites instructed to prepare to tell the world about God? (Psalm 48:12-14) How can we prepare?

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MAJOR MOMENT: Wisdom is found in worshipping God, not money.
Psalm 49:3 supports the adage found in Luke 6:45 — “out of the abundance of the heart his mouth speaks.” What
does your mouth speak? What does it tell you about the meditation of your heart?
In Psalm 49:5-6, the psalmist asks a question that seems to have an obvious answer. I should fear because I’m being
cheated and am in trouble! But that’s not the answer given. What is the answer given? (Psalm 49:7-9)
The answer suggests that there is not enough money in the world for a person to save their own life. What is the only
appropriate ransom for a life? (Matthew 20:28)
What is the path of those who trust in money? (Psalm 49:10-14)
Psalm 49:13 tells us that even after we see this path play out, we still “approve of their boasts.” Why is it still tempting
to praise earthly success? (Psalm 49:18)

85
MAJOR MOMENT: God desires thanksgiving, not sacrifice.
Psalm 50 seems to open with a theophany — a physical appearance of God — from Zion. What is He coming to
do? (Psalm 50:4-6) What do we see here that typically accompanies a theophany? (Deuteronomy 5:24; Exodus
19:16-20; Job 38:1; Psalm 50:3)
The Old Testament is clear that God does not want sacrifices that are half-hearted or without meaning. (1 Samuel
15:22; Psalm 40:6) God clearly doesn’t need our sacrifice; He rules the world. (Psalm 50:8-13) What is God
requesting from the Israelites? (Psalm 50:14-15)
Clearly even the wicked were engaging in sacrifices, but God knew their hearts. (Psalm 50:16-17) How does this
connect to James 2:18-26? Can you have faith without works or works without faith?
What could it look like for us to give “thanksgiving as [our] sacrifice” (Psalm 50:23)? (Hosea 14:2; Hebrews 13:15)

86
week nine notes

87
psalm 51 TODAY'S DATE: June 13
sis maricar
MAJOR MOMENT: After committing adultery and murder, David comes to God seeking mercy.
David comes to this psalm after having committed two sins that were punishable by death under Mosaic law:
adultery and murder. (Exodus 21:12-14; Leviticus 20:10; 2 Samuel 11-12) This could be why Psalm 51 is known
as one of the most moving and dense of all the psalms — David is coming to God at his lowest and most unworthy.
David requests to be washed, cleansed and purged of his sin. (Psalm 51:2, 7, 10) What is the historical
significance of clean and unclean? (Leviticus 11-15) What does this have to do with us today? (Mark 7:14-23;
Colossians 2:13-14)
David doesn’t just ask to be purged, but to be purged with hyssop — an incredibly rich image in the Old and
New Testaments. (Psalm 51:7) Hyssop would usually be covered in blood and used as part of the conclusion of a
covenant or purification. (Hebrews 9:19-22) In what other ways was hyssop used? (Exodus 12:22; Leviticus 14:4;
Numbers 19:6) What connections can be made between these uses?
All sin — while it can be against ourselves or others — is ultimately an act of betrayal against God. (Psalm 51:4)
How does this influence the way you think about sin?
What comes after restoration for David? (Psalm 51:13) What does this look like for us? (Luke 22:31-32)

88
MAJOR MOMENT: David prophesies destruction for Doeg the Edomite and refuge for the godly.
For context of this psalm we can look to 1 Samuel 22:6-23. Who is Doeg the Edomite? What was the outcome of
him coming to Saul to report on David? Who does David blame for the deaths of the priests at Nob?
While David took some blame, he certainly didn’t stop there, as Psalm 52 shows. How does David describe the
wickedness of those involved? (Psalm 52:1-4) We might expect David to focus on the act of murder, but what
wickedness does he focus on instead?
David offered protection to Abiathar because he knew he had found the source of ultimate safety and knew it was
better to wait on God with others. (1 Samuel 22:23; Psalm 52:8-9) What does it look like to be planted and grow
in God’s presence?

89
MAJOR MOMENT: A fool lives as if there is no God.
What does Psalm 53:1 assume is the beginning of all sin? Do you find this to be true?
What does Psalm 53:2 say God is looking for? What does He find? (Psalm 53:3)
to see if there are any who understand,
any who seek God.
What causes terror where there ought to be no terror? Why shouldn’t there be terror? (Psalm 53:5) When have
you experienced great fear, even though you knew in your mind that there was no need for fear?
Psalm 53 is a near exact repetition of Psalm 14. Take a look back at Psalm 14. What did you notice about this psalm
that you didn’t see in Psalm 14?

90
MAJOR MOMENT: David prays to God after being exposed by the Ziphites.
For historical reference surrounding this psalm, read 1 Samuel 23. Pay careful attention to 1 Samuel 23:19-20. David
was facing great rejection and betrayal. What hope does this psalm hold for someone struggling with rejection and
betrayal?
How can we “set God before ourselves” (Psalm 54:3)? How is your life different when you set God behind you?
Let us set God before us at all times; for if we do not, we are in danger of despair.
Despite being critical of meaningless offerings, David gives an offering of his own. (Psalm 54:6) What
makes David’s ritual sacrifice different from the meaningless sacrifices described in previous psalms?
(Deuteronomy 12:6-7; Exodus 35:29; 2 Corinthians 9:7)
Bring up the details about these people who have attacked you – that they have no regard for God
or man.
Remind yourself of God’s care, and rest assured that he will make matters right.
Psalm 54 is, in essence, a prayer. What aspects of prayer can you identify (e.g. petition, praise, confession, etc.)?
praise
6 I will sacrifice a freewill offeringq to you;
I will praiser your name, Lord, for it is good.s

91
MAJOR MOMENT: David laments a betrayal by a close friend.
Psalm 55 continues the theme of David’s betrayals — this one committed by a close friend. (Psalm 55:12-14) What
can we learn from David about handling betrayal in a godly manner?
How does David describe the betrayal of his unnamed friend? (Psalm 55:20-21)
How can words be soft, but damaging? (Psalm 55:21)
How sweet the last line of this psalm is! “But I will trust in you” (Psalm 55:23). Take some time today to “cast your
burden on the Lord” in a prayer below (Psalm 55:22).

92
week ten notes

93
MAJOR MOMENT: David praises God for His care in the midst of trouble.
For the most likely historical context of Psalm 56, read 1 Samuel 21:10-15.
David likely experienced more physical threats than most of us, so he pretty clearly knew the answer to “What can
flesh do to me? What can man do to me?” (Psalm 56:4, 11) Take some time to honestly answer this question. What
can others do to me? If the worst happened, is God still good? What can’t man do? (Matthew 10:28)
Psalm 56:8 shows David’s appreciation for God’s attention to detail. What does Jesus have to say about this subject?
(Matthew 10:29-31) Why might God keep track of our tears?
Read Psalm 56:9. What does it mean that God was for David? What does it mean that He is for us?

94
MAJOR MOMENT: David praises God for His steadfast love.
“In the shadow of your wings” may have multiple scriptural meanings (Psalm 57:1). What happens in the shadow
of the cherubim’s wings in Exodus 25:18-22? How does Jesus use the imagery of a hen’s wings? (Matthew 23:37)
Is God’s presence a refuge for you? How can you seek His presence?
David uses God’s name over and over again in this psalm. What are some of the names he gives God? What is David
accomplishing by using God’s name many times?
Read Psalm 57:7. What are evidences of David’s steadfast heart?
Because David was taking shelter under God’s wing, his heart could be steadfast despite terrifying circumstances.
What qualities of God inspire steadfastness? (Psalm 57:7-11)

95
MAJOR MOMENT: Earthly leaders may be unjust, but God will bring about justice.
Psalm 58 addresses corrupt leadership — the “gods” of earth. We know that all sinful nature begins at birth, but
what happened when these rulers left their sin unchecked? (Psalm 58:1-5)
Not only were these rulers and judges corrupt, they were acting as if they were the ones who were judging correctly,
purposefully deceiving. How can you identify corrupt leadership masquerading as righteous leadership?
David’s calls for God to deal with these rulers (Psalm 58:6-8) may seem harsh in light of what we know about
other biblical statements about loving our enemies. (Matthew 5:44) Is David calling for revenge or justice? Is there
a difference?
What would it say about God if He did not punish the wicked? What can the righteous say about God because He
does judge justly? (Psalm 58:10-11)

96
MAJOR MOMENT: David watches for God while he is being pursued by enemies.
For historical context of this psalm, read 1 Samuel 19:11-18.
Read Psalm 59:1-4. If it is not David’s sin that inspires his enemies to rise against him, what might be their
motivation? What have you experienced as motivation for sin?
David doesn’t claim to be sinless completely, but to be sinless against Saul in this current situation he is facing. How
does this change the way he comes to God? How is it different than other psalms where David was at fault?
David asks that his enemies get caught up in their own pride and lies. (Psalm 59:12-13) What does David hope is
the outcome of this?
David is watchful for God’s presence in the midst of his troubling circumstances. (Psalm 59:9) When have you seen
God’s hand in your life? What is David’s outcome of looking for God? (Psalm 59:16-17)

97
MAJOR MOMENT: David calls out to God to remember His promises.
The most likely historical context for this psalm is 2 Samuel 8:1-14, however, Psalm 60 is the only evidence that
David received such fierce opposition from his neighbors. This was a time when David was crowned king and had
escaped much persecution, but he was still facing opposition and struggle. Have you experienced loss in the midst
of success? How did you respond?
God’s wrath is often described as being a cup to drink. (Psalm 60:3; Isaiah 51:17; Jeremiah 25:15-16) What does
this suggest about the reason for David and Israel’s current defeat?
David was doing what God had called him to do, but that didn’t mean it was easy. (Psalm 60:6-12) What
is God calling you to do that seems too hard from the outside? What is David’s prayer for this circumstance?
(Psalm 60:11-12)
The title of this psalm (along with many others) includes “for instruction.” Other translations say “for teaching” or
“to teach.” What lessons would this psalm be useful in teaching?

98
week eleven notes

99
Stephanie
MAJOR MOMENT: Psalm 61: The Lord can be trusted and is worthy of obedience.
Psalm 62: For God alone we wait.
David’s sweet humility led him to call upon God often, especially when his “heart is faint” (Psalm 61:2). What does
he request from God?
Read Psalm 62:1-2 and Psalm 62:5-6. How are these refrains similar? How are they different? Do they express
different meanings?
We may often think of God as where our salvation rests, but it is less common to hear that He is where our glory
rests as well. (Psalm 62:7) What does it mean for you that your glory rests on God? Does this change the way you
think about your purpose and goals?
Neither riches nor poverty have any lasting meaning. (Psalm 62:9) How can you test if your trust, hope or heart is
set on riches? (Psalm 62:10)

100
MAJOR MOMENT: Even in the driest times, God’s presence is there to sustain.
There are two recorded times when David found himself in the wilderness of Judah — once when he was king and
once when he was not. The most likely setting of this psalm is 2 Samuel 15:13–30 when David was fleeing his son
Absalom because David referred to himself as the king. (Psalm 63:11)
How does David describe his desire for God? (Psalm 63:1)
We may refer to the way David was longing for God as being spiritually dry. Have you had seasons of spiritual
dryness? What was it like? When were you refreshed?
What is rich soul food? (Psalm 63:5-6)
We know that David would have been far from God’s actual sanctuary (tabernacle), but David could recall God’s
presence and was filled. (Psalm 63:2-8) What does this confidence in the past bring to David’s present and future
hope? (Psalm 63:9-11)

101
MAJOR MOMENT: Evil may rule for a time, but God’s victory is coming.
For those of us who don’t have true human enemies, it may be helpful to think of the “secret plots of the wicked”
(Psalm 64:2) as having a similar goal as the plans of Satan. ( John 8:44; Ephesians 2:2) What is Satan’s wicked goal?
(2 Corinthians 4:4; 1 Peter 5:8)
David saw that wickedness was not haphazard, but was planned and carried out diligently. (Psalm 64:5-6) What
weapons are used? What was the wicked plan? (Psalm 64:2-6)
The evil of the world can seem so pervasive and overwhelming. What comfort does Scripture bring?
(Psalm 64:7-10)
The plans of the wicked are described as long and calculated and secretive. How is that contrasted to God’s
decisive victory?

102
MAJOR MOMENT: Thanksgiving for God’s abundant blessing
Psalm 65 is a beautiful example of a psalm of thanksgiving. David opens with a reminder of who God is and what
He has done. God was faithful to His covenant with His chosen people — the Israelites — but this does not mean
that He came for them alone. What is the purpose and outcome of God’s chosen relationship with His people?
(Psalm 65:1-8)
What might be the specific circumstance the psalmist is thanking God for? (Psalm 65:6-13)
God, as creator, made the earth to “sing together for joy” (Psalm 65:13). How can we see the earth’s praise of God?
How can we join it?
What has this psalm illuminated to you about praising God?

103
MAJOR MOMENT: God’s wonderful deeds are for corporate and individual praise.
The psalmist calls everyone to come remember what God has done for them. What specific instances does he
point to? (Exodus 14:29-31; Joshua 3:14-17; Psalm 66:5-6) What came immediately after these instances?
(Exodus 15:1-21; Joshua 4)
What did God’s testing of the Israelites look like? (Psalm 66:8-12) Why did they continue to praise God?
The psalmist references promises that he made when he was in trouble. (Psalm 66:14) We may have similarly uttered
something like, “God, if You will only take away this burden, I will never sin again.” What is the difference between
attempting to bribe God and making actual personal vows with God?
What does it mean to “cherish iniquity (sin) in my heart” (Psalm 66:18)? How might this influence the outcome of
prayers? (Psalm 66:18-19) Is it possible to pray to God while valuing sin?

104
week twelve notes
Psalm 61
In this psalm, David seems to be far away from home. He was probably forced to escape during the rebellion
of his son, Absalom (2 Samuel 15-18). David prays for God’s security. David is fully assured that God can
help him. God is able and willing to answer His children’s cries for help.
We need to believe these truths and do the same as David. Remind yourself your God is not limited. He is
everywhere present. He never abandons us. His awesome strength is always with us. God is caring and
compassionate. God never breaks His promises.

105
MAJOR MOMENT: A prayer that all people will come to know and praise God
God had a special, chosen relationship with the Israelites, but what was the eternal purpose of this relationship?
(Genesis 12:2-3; Psalm 67:1-4)
By focusing on this narrower relationship, God was prioritizing all of His people and has from the very beginning.
How did the psalmist acknowledge this? (Psalm 67:5-7)
God’s judgment is something to be praised, because He makes it clear that His judgment is for the sake of protection
and justice. (Psalm 67:4; Isaiah 11:3-4) What emotions does God’s judgment bring out in you? What do these tell
you about your belief about His judgment?

106
MAJOR MOMENT: God is great in His majesty and worthy of praise.
Psalm 68 is an exciting, joy-filled psalm. It is possible that it was written for the return of the Ark of the Covenant
to Jerusalem, (2 Samuel 6) because of its echo of Moses’ words in Numbers 10:35. (Psalm 68:1)
Read Psalm 68:1-3. These verses exude confidence in God’s victory with ease. What inspires confidence in God in you?
God is a strong and powerful protector. (Psalm 68:4-10) These verses move seamlessly from God’s strength and
power to the purpose of His power — protection and empathy. How do you see God’s might and mercy work
together? How is this different than most earthly rulers?
In Psalm 68:11 there is an image of God giving a great word of salvation and women distributing the news widely.
Some translations refer to them as a great host or army. In your life, do you see an army, well-equipped with God’s
Word, telling of His great news of salvation? Have you experienced being a part of such an army?
David reminds us that God is great and powerful, but also walks with and supports us daily. (Psalm 68:19)
Why might daily provision be important for our relationship with God?
There is so much we can focus on and praise about God in this psalm. What stood out to you the most?

107
MAJOR MOMENT: David’s persecution and reproach echoes in Jesus’ life.
This psalm is written by David about his experience, but — as with many of his psalms — it also applies to Jesus
and His experience. Jesus and many New Testament writers quoted verses from Psalm 69 in reference to Him, so
we will focus on those.
One of the first parallels we see is found in Psalm 69:4 and John 15:24-25. David is obviously sinful (Psalm 69:5),
while Jesus is not, but there is a similar humility found between the two men in their situations. How does Jesus
describe the world’s hatred of Him?
In what situation do Jesus’ disciples remember the words, “zeal for your house will consume me” (Psalm 69:9;
John 2:13-17)? The Hebrew word used for zeal could also be translated as jealousy. How is Jesus displaying God’s
righteous jealousy?
Paul quotes Psalm 69:9 in Romans 15:3. How does Paul connect this with Jesus? What does he say about how it can
influence our relationships? (Romans 15:1-7)
Psalm 69:21 is linked closely with the very end of Jesus’ life and inspires us to see the difference of how Jesus and
David dealt with enemies. ( John 19:28-30) What contrast do you see in their two responses? (Psalm 69:22-28;
Luke 23:34)

108
MAJOR MOMENT: Psalm 70: David prays urgently for God’s help.
Psalm 71: The psalmist prays that God will not forsake him.
Psalm 70 is a short and urgent prayer from David. How does he use it to contrast those who “seek [his] life”
(Psalm 70:1-3) and those who “seek [God]” (Psalm 70:4-5)?
The psalmist appeals to God for deliverance on the basis of His character. What specific character trait does he
appeal to? (Psalm 71:2, 15, 16, 19, 24) What trait of God do you find yourself appealing to the most? What does
this tell you?
What is the psalmist looking forward to about his deliverance? (Psalm 71:15-18, 24) Is this what you would
have expected?

109
MAJOR MOMENT: The Davidic reign is perfected in Jesus.
Psalm 72 is a wonderful place to end this study, as it is a prayer for the perfect ruler that is to come through the line
of David — Jesus. How does Psalm 72 describe Jesus’ reign?
This psalm could have been written by David or his son, Solomon, but it is a prayer for the rulers of Israel in their
God-given tasks. What were the kings of Israel tasked to do? (Psalm 72:1-7) How does Jesus perfect these tasks?
The psalmist foresees a day that is completely devoid of injustice. What can we do to further that goal now? How
can greater social and moral justice be part of our churches?
Read Psalm 72:18. God alone is responsible for all wonderous things. What a beautiful reminder as we close book
two of the Psalter. Take some time to compose your own psalm.

110
week thirteen notes

111
extra notes

112
extra notes

113
What have you learned about God
through the study of Psalms 1-72?

114
REFLECT ON PSALMS 1-72
Friends, take a moment and consider the importance of the psalms. We may have viewed
the psalms as if they were random songs or poems that were placed together to make a book.
However, you’ve probably noticed they are not random. They have purpose and intention.
They masterfully tell us the story of our past through a poetic journey, all while leaving us
anticipating the glory of Jesus. Consider that this is a story about a people and has a purpose
— the story of Israel, God’s chosen people. Each individual psalm, when put together in a larger
sequence, creates a majestic tapestry that leaves us in awe of the God who saves His children.
The psalms have a way of changing us. They are not only for our enjoyment and education,
but also for our instruction and teaching. The psalms teach us how to pray, mentored by the
psalmists themselves. The psalms instruct us in our worship as we’re led and taught by the great
worship leader, King David. Suddenly, we come to realize the book of Psalms is a treasured gift
given to us by our gracious Father to turn to in moments of joy and tragedy. The psalms are
our trusted friend and sure source of comfort.
Be encouraged friends and remember:
When you don’t know how to pray — turn to the psalms and pray them.
When you are searching for words to rejoice — turn to the psalms and sing them.
When you lack words to express sorrow and only have tears — turn to the psalms of lament
and find rest and comfort in them.
When you are in need of hope — turn to the psalms and find the promise of Jesus, who is our
eternal hope.

115
A B O U T P R O V E R B S 3 1 M I N I S T R I E S
She i s c l ot he d w i t h st re n gt h a n d d ign it y ;
s h e c an l au gh a t t h e d a y s t o co m e.
P R O V E R B S 3 1 : 2 5
Proverbs 31 Ministries is a nondenominational, nonprofit

Christian ministry that seeks to lead women into a personal
relationship with Christ. With Proverbs 31:10-31 as a guide,
Proverbs 31 Ministries reaches women in the middle of their
busy days through free devotions, daily radio messages, speaking
events, conferences, resources, online Bible studies and training
in the call to write, speak and lead others.
We are real women offering real-life solutions to those striving

to maintain life's balance, in spite of today's hectic pace and
cultural pull away from godly principles.
Wherever a woman may be on her spiritual journey, Proverbs

31 Ministries exists to be a trusted friend who understands the
challenges she faces and walks by her side, encouraging her as
she walks toward the heart of God.
Visit us online today at proverbs31.org!

BLESSED BE THE LORD,
THE GOD OF ISRAEL,
FROM EVERLASTING
TO EVERLASTING!
AMEN AND AMEN.
PSALM 41:13
PROVERBS31.ORG

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WHEN

MY STRENGTH. THE LORD IS

MY ROCK AND MY FORTRESS

MY SHIELD, AND THE HORN

when words fail • experience guide

praise royal trust thanksgiving wisdom

experience guide • when words fail

praise wisdom lament thanksgiving

when words fail • experience guide

praise royal wisdom lament

experience guide • when words fail

when words fail • experience guide

experience guide • when words fail

• THE SONG OF THE SEA (EXODUS 15:1-18)

• THE SONG OF THE ARK (NUMBERS 10:35-36)

• THE ORACLES OF BAL AAM (NUMBERS 23-24)

• THE SONG OF MOSES (DEUTERONOMY 31:30-32:47)

• THE BLESSING OF MOSES (DEUTERONOMY 33)

• THE SONG OF DEBORAH (JUDGES 5)

• THE SONG OF HANNAH (1 SAMUEL 2:1-10)

when words fail • experience guide

experience guide • when words fail

when words fail • experience guide

experience guide • when words fail

The acrostic structure can be identified by looking at the beginning of a group of

experience guide • when words fail

HEBREW LETTER NAME P R O N U N C I AT I O N T R A N S L I T E R AT I O N

‫א‬ Alef (silent) ’

‫ב‬ Bet b as in boy b

‫ג‬ Gimel g as in God g

‫ד‬ Dalet d as in day d

‫ו‬ Waw w as in way w

‫ז‬ Zayin z as in Zion z

‫ח‬ Ḥet ch as in Bach ḥ

‫ט‬ Tet t as in toy ṭ

‫י‬ Yod y as in yes y

‫כ‬ Kaf k as in king k

‫ל‬ Lamed l as in lion l

‫מ‬ Mem m as in mother m

‫נ‬ Nun n as in now n

‫ס‬ Samek s as in sin s

‫ע‬ Ayin (silent) ‘

‫צ‬ Tsade ts as in boots ṣ

‫ק‬ Qof k as in king q

‫ר‬ Resh r as in run r

‫ׂש‬ Sin s as in sin ś

‫ׁש‬ Shin sh as in ship š

‫ת‬ Taw t as in toy t

when words fail • experience guide

18 So even to old age and gray hairs,

Shared experiences have a way of tying people and communities

Psalms speaks to each experience — joy, thanksgiving, praise

1. Pre-exilic - before the exile of the Jews to Babylon

As we journey through the psalms, we can categorize the original

when words fail • experience guide

experience guide • when words fail

The psalms can be broken up into various

when words fail • experience guide

30 32 34 40 75 107 116 118 1 19 37 49 50 73 78 112 119 2 18 20 21 45 72 89 101 110 144

thanksgiving wisdom royal

when words fail • experience guide

experience guide • when words fail