Volume 8, Issue 1, January – 2023
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Evaluation of the Open Data Implementation
of the City Government of Depok
Yenny Fransisca Lampouw
1
depok city government, Jalan Margonda Raya No.54, 16421
Abstract:- The purpose of this evaluation is to describe
and analyze how the Depok City Government
implements Open Government Data in terms of the
theory of Open Government Data implementation. The
research method used is descriptive method with a
qualitative approach. Data collection techniques were
carried out through literature, observation, interviews,
and documentation. The informant determination
technique was carried out purposively. The results of
the study show that based on the four dimensions of
Open Government Data implementation, there are a
number of things that need to be improved such as
community involvement in dataset creation which is
still minimal, public awareness of the importance of
open data, the capacity of all Depok City Government
agencies to utilize manufacturing technology data, and
cooperation from parties tasked with monitoring the
operation of Depok City Open Data. The researcher
suggests that the implementation of Open Government
Data can run better, it is necessary to make formal
cooperation agreements with external and internal
parties as data producers and also build special
facilities for Depok City Open Data so that government
open data in Depok City can run effectively..
Keywords:- Implementation, Open Government Data,
Open Data, Depok City Government Data.
I. INTRODUCTION
The development of information and communication
technology or electronic government in government has
made open government more developed. Open data/open
government data or if translated, that is data openness/open
government data is developed from the concept of open
government. Open government data is a government
doctrine that is open regarding the data it has for certain
matters so that the public can freely use the data.
Disclosure regarding this data is not only a form of
transparency and accountability but also hopes that it can
be used by academics, business people, bureaucrats,
professionals and other groups to develop expertise in their
respective fields as well as for discussions about
government policies.
Open government and open government data cannot
be separated when we want to talk about information
disclosure to the public by the government.
In Indonesia efforts to implement the open
government concept began with Law Number 14 of 2008
concerning Public Information Disclosure (KIP) and then
through Law Number 25 of 2009 concerning Public
Services.
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International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
With the existence of a clause in Law 14 of 2008
concerning KIP in Part Four, namely Obligations of Public
Agencies in Article 8, then in Law Number 25 of 2009
concerning Public Services in Part Three namely regarding
Public Service Information Systems in Article 23, there has
been a change in data accessibility, previously the data was
closed and only opened to the public when requested, now
the data must be open directly without having to request it
first. Then also in the public information disclosure law,
various government agencies both at the central and
regional levels are encouraged to use digital technology in
the publication of related data.
In 2018 the City Government of Depok launched an
open data portal which can be accessed at
http://data.depok.go.id. This website is an open data portal
that can be accessed by the public to obtain various kinds
of information. This data portal was created on the basis of
Law Number 14 of 2008 concerning Public Information
Disclosure . Depok City Open Data itself is an initiative
and commitment from the Depok City Government in
realizing Depok Smartcity. The existence of Depok City
Open Data is a form of support from the Depok City
Government to make improvements to the data owned by
the Depok City Government. The Depok City Open Data
Program it self is under the auspices of the Depok City
Communication and Information Office.
To analyze the problem of implementing Open
Government Data by the City Government of Depok in
more depth, the researchers used the theory of
implementation of open government data originating from
the study of Azmi Omar, Julian M. Bass, and Peter Lowit
from The Robert Gordon University, Scotland who carried
out a study on open government implementation.
government data with his study entitled "A Grounded
Theory of Open Government Data: A Case Study in The
UK". Researchers use this theory, because this theory is
considered suitable to be able to explain problems in the
implementation of open government data within the Depok
City Government with another perspective according to the
dimensions of the theory, namely data sharing,
standardization, awareness, and government responsibility.
II. RESEARCH METHODS
In this study the method used is a descriptive method
with a qualitative approach . The data collection technique
used was literature study and field studies consisting of
interviews and documentation.
Determination of informants in this study was carried
out using a purposive technique in which informants were
selected based on certain considerations (Sugiyono, 2010:
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Volume 8, Issue 1, January – 2023
96). Based on this consideration, the informant in this
study is the Head of the Statistics Section of the Depok
City Communication and Information Service because he
is considered competent and knows about the dimensions
of Government Responsibility, Data Sharing,
Standardization, and Awareness in the implementation of
open government data as a government organization that
becomes the operator.
Implementation of open government data as a non-
governmental organization that produces data and
collaborates with open data operators. In order to obtain
reliable data validation, researchers use the source
triangulation technique . The data analysis technique used
in this study is qualitative data analysis, following the
concept given by Miles and Huberman namely data
reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions, and
verification . The duration of the study was carried out
from September 2019 to June 2020.
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The Depok City Government through the Depok City
Communication and Informatics Office initiated the Open
Data of Depok City to realize transparency, accountability
and innovation in Depok City. However, in practice there
were several problems where the desired indicators were
not achieved in the implementation of Depok City Open
Data. The failure to achieve this indicator can then be
further explored using the open government data
implementation theory put forward which consists of four
dimensions, namely data sharing or data sharing,
standardization or standardization, awareness or
awareness, and government responsibility or the
responsibility of the government. As for the failure to
achieve the indicators desired by the City Government of
Depok in implementing Open Data in accordance with the
four dimensions, they are as follows.
A. Data Sharing
The first dimension is data sharing which discusses the
disclosure or sharing of data between one organization and
another. The focus of this dimension is how data is shared
between organizations. In addition, this dimension also
focuses on how to involve organizations outside of
government in sharing data, then on the security, accuracy,
quality and integrity of the data itself in open data.
In terms of implementing data sharing, Depok City
Open Data acts as a place where data is shared from data
producers. Next? The data producer will produce data in
accordance with certain conditions and then give it to the
Data and Statistics Sector to then display it on the Depok
City Open Data website with certain conditions in
accordance with standardization. Basically, the data
provided by the data producers to the Statistics Section is
data that meets the standards or can be published widely in
accordance with the provisions of existing laws and
regulations such as Law Number 14 of 2008 concerning
Public Information Disclosure. Depok City Open Data acts
as a medium for aggregating data produced by various data
producers into one place.
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ISSN No:-2456-2165
Data sharing in an open data system is basically not
closed only to data produced by government institutions,
but data sharing can also be carried out with parties outside
the government, for example with non-governmental
organizations or other organizations. In terms of
cooperation with external government parties, Depok City
Open Data carries out two types of cooperation. The first is
by holding a data processing competition, the second is by
collaborating with non-governmental organizations.
Regarding whether collaboration or data sharing
between government agencies and non-governmental
organizations is needed.
Then in the implementation of open government data,
the thing that is of concern is the security of the data
published on the portal. Where data producers, both
organizations within the government or outside the
government, must feel safe in sharing data. In terms of
infrastructure, the hardware supporting the Depok City
Data Portal since 2018 has not been evaluated to measure
its security level.
The accuracy of the data produced by producers at
the beginning with what is displayed in the Depok City
Data Portal is important. Not only by the data accessor, but
also by the original data producer. Depok City Open Data
as the aggregator of data producers lists the source of the
data and also when the data was last modified. This will
help data accessors as well as initial data producers. For
accessors, this can show whether the data they are
accessing is the most up-to-date data. Then, for data
producers, they can see whether the data they produce is in
accordance or not with the data they own.
Fig. 1: Depok City Dataset
Source: Depok City Data Portal. Accessed on
18 February 2022 at 21:08 WIB
As can be seen in Figure 1, in the dataset menu, 28
csv format data have been produced.
Data is not necessarily uploaded into an open data
portal, but the quality of the data and the integrity of the
data must also be considered. The quality and integrity
referred to here is how the accessor of the data can use
existing data with a certain quality for all data so that there
are no significant differences for the data accessor. In this
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case, the City Government of Depok through the Office of
Communication and Informatics is the party responsible
for ensuring data quality through enforcing standardized
data formats and this does not yet exist.
Regarding the quality of the data, Depok City Open
Data does not yet have a data administrator officer who
maintains that the data in the Depok City Data Portal can
meet the Comma Separated Value or CSV standard. What
is meant by Comma Separated Value itself is a simple
format for representing a rectangular array (matrix) of
numeric and textual values (Library of Congress
Collection, n.d). By using this CSV standard, data
accessors who need data will get the data with a good
standard that can be accepted by data processors. In
maintaining the integrity of the data, the Depok City Open
Data party also stated that when the data cleaning process
is carried out, it will not affect the content or function and
purpose of the data because metadata is still being
considered.
The conclusion that can be drawn here is that in
terms of the dimension of data sharing implementation,
Depok City Open Data is expected to act as an aggregator
of various datasets produced by other institutions which
will later be uploaded to the Depok City Data Portal. The
existence of this Open Data Portal can revolutionize the
concept of online access to data, considering its use and the
possibility of this data being reused later by different
stakeholders .
As an aggregator, Depok City Open Data should
carry out its duties in two ways, namely actively where
Depok City Open Data requests data from related
institutions, then passively where Depok City Open Data
retrieves data that is already available in each agency
independently ( not done ).
No data sharing has yet been displayed on the portal,
but it is intended to be limited to data produced by
organizations within the Depok City Government itself.
Collaboration with organizations outside the government
has not yet been implemented, it is hoped that in the future
it will reach the stage where these organizations become
producers of the data displayed on the portal. Production of
data from the Depok City Open Data initiative by
government organizations themselves can strengthen
relationships between organizations in the long term . If
the organizations participating in data sharing are low, it
will lead to decreased engagement between open data
initiatives and the community . Then displaying the data is
important, especially those with high value, even though
they are not used, they can be utilized by the community
later . Then, there is the problem of Depok City Open Data
in its collaboration which acts more only as a bridge
between non-governmental organizations and related
agencies related to the focus of these non-governmental
organizations. The technical implementation of data
sharing in terms of security has been carried out in
accordance with statutory standards so that the privacy of
the contents of the data will be maintained when it
concerns individuals. In terms of accuracy, what is most
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International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
important is the time and also the source of the data itself
to be displayed to data accessors, so that the dataset can be
verified to related parties. For quality and integrity, there is
already a minimum standard, namely CSV (comma
separated value) and however, there is no data cleaning
technique that takes into account the metadata of the
dataset.
B. Standardization
The second dimension is standardization which
discusses how to standardize in open data systems. The
focus point in this dimension is how to standardize data,
data formats, work systems, and also applications in open
data. In terms of standardization implementation, Depok
City Open Data can refer to the three star standard
published by Tim Berners Lee, which is an open format
and easy to reproduce. (R. Karlina, personal interview, 9
April 2020).
Fig. 2: Tim Berners Lee's Five Star Open Data Standard
Source: 5stardata.info/en/
Tim Berners Lee stated that there are 5 star standards
in Open Data (https://5stardata.info/en/). The first star is
that regardless of the type of data, as long as it is on the
web or data portal that can be accessed and has an open
license, for example with the format PDFs. The second star
is that the data that is opened must be structured, for
example in the XLS format which can be processed. The
third star is that the data that is opened must use an open
format such as CSV and not be in a data format that can
only be opened by one particular application such as XLS
which is "property" by a certain party in this case Excel is
owned by Microsoft Excel. The fourth star is that a URI
(Uniform Resource Identifier) must be used for data so that
data accessors can point to the data displayed in open data.
The fifth star is that data must be linked to other data so
that it can provide a deeper context for data accessors.
Depok City Open Data itself uses a data format, CSV
format and for spatial data there is no standard format. By
using CSV data, Depok City Open Data already meets Tim
Berners Lee's three-star standard, where the data format is
an open license.
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Volume 8, Issue 1, January – 2023
The standards set by Depok City Open Data should
apply to all data displayed in the Depok City Data Portal.
Then the work system of Depok City Open Data has
not been established, it is suggested to divide it into several
stages, namely the data collection/acquisition stage, then
the data processing and analysis stage, finally the data
publication stage. The working system of Depok City
Open Data does not yet exist in practice with non-
governmental organizations
The use of applications cannot escape the
standardization dimension because when the application
used is an exclusive application it will cause problems
related to the collaboration of various parties in efforts to
implement open government data or open data, especially
the lack of agreement on data formats and applications
used by both parties. Depok City Open Data itself has the
following applications:
 Available and free to download
 CKAN for Depok City Data Portal
 Tableau, data processing tool
 Not yet available
 Data cleaning tool
The applications above can also be viewed from
another perspective, so that the categories can be divided
into applications for managing the Depok City Data Portal
and applications for publication of available data. The use
of applications that are open licensed by Open Data Depok
City will make it easier for various government and non-
government organizations to be able to have clear
standards so that the open data system will be better. Then
there is an application from the government for an
integrated data publication facility that will make access to
that data easier.
The conclusion that can be drawn here, in terms of
the dimensions of standardization implementation, is that
Depok City's Open Data already has clear standardization
with the adoption of the three-star open data
standardization from Tim Berners Lee. If the open data
portal is developed to its maximum level and to the highest
quality level, then the data must be clearly and consistently
standardized so that it can be reused (Martin, et al, 2015:
11). Then the data format used is also an open license data
format so that it can make it easier for various parties to be
able to produce or process data owned by Depok City
Open Data. Then, there has been the adoption of work
systems which are divided into data driven and problem
driven. In terms of application usage, Depok City Open
Data manages it using an open application so that it will
facilitate coordination. Then, the existence of an integrated
data publication application will make it easier for the
public to access data in one place with the same standards.
There are deficiencies in the implementation of
standardization, namely in collaboration with organizations
outside the government. The problem begins with the
absence of a formal cooperation agreement that makes data
standardization, data formats, work systems, and
applications used by government and non-government
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International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
parties different. Having a standard definition of data and
information that is unique to information or data officers
will reduce confusion (. From the results of the study we
can see that there has been standardization in the Depok
City Open Data initiative but external parties did not
understand these standards so that standards were not
uniformly known.
C. Awareness
The third dimension is awareness which discusses
public and government awareness of Open Data initiatives.
This awareness must be understood that it does not only
come from the Government, but also by the community.
The focus point in this dimension is how socialization and
knowledge about open data initiatives are discussed.
In terms of socialization implementation, Depok City
Open Data has not carried out socialization yet, it is hoped
that socialization will be carried out not only to the
community but also socialization will be carried out
internally to the Depok City Government. Internal
socialization is carried out in two ways, namely:
 Visualization of data in the form of infographics through
social media or exposure in meetings as material to
provide knowledge that the data is used and needed in
policy making.
 Submission of examples of data analysis in several
coordination and technical meeting activities related to
data management.
Submission of the Depok City Open Data initiative to
internal apparatus in the Depok City Government by
focusing on the results of data analysis and data
visualization will help provide an understanding to
government officials that the data collected, produced, and
disseminated so far has indeed had benefits and not only as
a routine matter. which is not important.
Then, the outreach to the community was carried out
by Open Data Depok City through routine outreach to
campuses in Depok City. Targeting socialization to
campuses is something that is really needed. This is
because the campus is a place where many researchers are
located, so that the Open Data of Depok City will help
researchers to be able to access various data relevant to
their studies. Then, outreach to the general public by
focusing on applications, such as Depok Single Windows
which displays basic data will form a data literate society.
Regarding the socialization of Depok City's Open
Data to non-governmental organizations, a competition
event can be held where the data produced at the previous
socialization event is reused to be used as a basis for
problem-solving innovations.
Then, continue with the knowledge from the Depok
City Open Data initiative. Knowledge of open data
initiatives must also be known by internal government
including various institutions that produce data and the
public or non-governmental organizations that can also
produce data for open data systems.
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Volume 8, Issue 1, January – 2023
Regarding knowledge from this initiative, Depok
City Open Data is expected to have an activity called Data
Discovery Workshop (DDW) where this will provide
knowledge about Depok City Open Data initiatives. This is
important for internal government, because basically open
data or open government data requires government
agencies to be able to produce, manage and open as much
data as possible.
The number of visitors to the Depok City Data Portal
site cannot be seen/doesn't yet exist, this should be there as
a reference for how awareness of the Depok City Open
Data initiative is in the wider community.
The conclusion that can be drawn is that in terms of
the dimensions of awareness implementation, Depok City's
Open Data already has clear socialization efforts with the
existence of a socialization medium that is adjusted to the
target of the socialization. Inviting active public
participation in the production of new data and utilization
of existing data is important for the government to
implement to increase this awareness .
The existence of meaningful communication between
the government and other stakeholders regarding public
issues is also relevant for high-quality open government
data . The government can formulate an action plan for this
open data initiative so that companies, universities and
other entities that have innovation capabilities can develop
this existing data (Gomes & Soares, 2014:349). Then, in
terms of knowledge regarding the Open Data initiative,
Depok City also has clear efforts with programs or
activities designed for internal government and also
external non-government. This increase in digital literacy
in open data can be achieved if public participation and
collaboration with various sectors is formed and facilitated,
in achieving this it can be carried out by socialization,
study of data, or competition (Soegiono, 2018: 9). Factors
that are important in using open government data are ease
of use and usability, transparency, participation, and
collaboration will determine how people's intentions are to
use open government data .
open data initiatives with interested parties .
Factors that greatly impact the participation of
various organizations in open data initiatives are
regulations and policies . Support from the government has
taken the form of a commitment since the initiation of the
Depok City Open Data initiative. The government must
believe that stakeholders can provide real value and also
appreciate their perspectives and participation so that this
open data initiative can run well . Then in terms of
resources there are two that are used, namely brainware
and software which unfortunately do not have special
facilities to be able to support the operations of Depok
City's Open Data. From the results of this study we can see
that the Depok City Government has made a commitment
without clear attention such as the provision of special
facilities and also the absence of formal cooperation
agreements with external parties.
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International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
D. Conclusion
Judging from the four dimensions of Open Government
Data implementation by the City Government of Depok,
there are several things that require improvement in terms
of data sharing collaboration and formal agreements with
external parties, standardization of data formats, to
infrastructure supporting the implementation of Open Data
initiatives. For this reason, the City Government of Depok
needs to do a number of things to improve the
implementation of this Open Data initiative.
First, the City Government of Depok can cooperate
more with other external organizations so that the data
obtained is richer data accessible to the public is more
comprehensive. Of course, this cooperation must be formal
in nature so that standardization of work systems,
applications used, data formats, data publication, data
production, and so on can be achieved between the
government and external parties. Second, the City
Government of Depok can increase the standardization of
the use of data formats from a 3-star standard to a higher
standard so that they can compete with the progress of the
implementation of Open Government Data with the rest of
the world.
Third, the Depok City Government is intensifying
outreach to external parties, especially to prospective
external data producers so that more technical knowledge
can be identified so that future collaboration can run more
easily. Finally, the City Government of Depok can improve
supporting infrastructure for the implementation of Open
Government Data such as data centers and data transaction
facilities between organizations in order to expand its work
focus, especially on improving data quality.
The four Depok City Governments can improve the
implementation of open data in terms of governance by
creating an open data roadmap for Depok City that is in
line with the RPJMD and data governance management
based on data management of knowledge.
Fifth, the need to develop web-based open data
applications using technology that can integrate with the
data ware house as the core data in the Depok City
Government data architecture framework.
Sixth, the need for the development of a single data
application that has been created by the Bappeda of the city
of Depok, as a web-based private data application for the
internal needs of the city government which is integrated
with the data warehouse as the core data in the data
architecture framework of the Depok City Government.
Seventh, the need for the development of a web-
based one map application (idsd) that has been developed
by Bappeda, as a spatial data application for the internal
and external needs of the Depok city government which is
integrated with the data warehouse as the core data in the
Depok City Government data architecture framework.
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