Using Pronouns Effectively

Pronouns

= Are commonly used to refer to nouns previously mentioned in a text.

= They help avoid repetition because of its function as a reference to nouns and other group of words.

= can link different sentences together.

= can join different parts of sentences together.

Reference:

First Person - You can constantly use this pronoun when you refer to yourself and when you refer to yourself
with others. (I, We, Our, Mine).

Second Person - This refers to the person you are talking to. (You, Your).

Third Person - The third person point of view is used when the subject is being spoken about. (They, them,
he, she, him, her).

Subjective case - In this case the pronoun is used as a subject.

Objective Case - It is used when something is done to someone.

Possessive Case - It is used to show possession.

Important tips to remember in using pronouns effectively:

1. Pronouns used as a subject or subject complement should be in the subjective case.

2. Pronouns used as the object in the sentence should be in objective case.
3. Who and whoever are used as subjects.
4. Whom and Whomever are used as objects.
5. Pronouns in the objective case go before and after infinitives.
6. Pronouns in the possessive case go before gerunds.

Observing Correct Grammar in Definitions

When should you use definitions?

1. When introducing an unfamiliar term that is key to understanding of your writing.

2. When narrowing down the meaning of a common term.
3. When the origin or history of a common word will help in making your point.

Tips in making definitions:

1. Avoid circular definitions

2. Avoid using introductory words such as “is when”, “is where”.
3. The scope of your definition should be large enough to accommodate all the terms you need to explain.
4. Use simple and familiar words.

Using Words that Affirm or Negate

Affirmation – is to agree that something is true.

Negation – is to deny something. It can also be the absence of something true or positive.

Words to use in affirmation:

yes absolutely Surely Examples:

definitely affirmatively certainly
Absolutely, I was the team leader for this project.
Doubtlessly exactly Obviously
positively really Truly I certainly, made valuable contributions to this project
very surely clearly
.
Words to use in negation:

No Invalidly Never Examples:

Not Rarely Scarcely
I hardly enjoy anything when it’s too hot to go outside.
Hardly Seldom A little
Only Hardly Ever Little Definitely not, it is too humid and there is seldom anything I
Few Not Any Neither can do

The Night

By: Elie Wiesel

Translated by: Marion Wiesel

Important keys to remember:

The story took place in 1944.

Setting: Village of Sighet, Romania

Ellie Wiesel was just 12 years old when she was warned about the Nazi Aggressors that will soon
threaten the serenity of their lives.

Ellie Wiesel was warned by MOSHE THE BEADLE.

Authorities begin shipping trainloads of Jews to the Auschwitz-Birkenau complex. Ellie's family is part
of the final convoy. In a cattle car.

One of the deportees, Madame Schächter, becomes hysterical with visions of flames and furnaces.
 Elie and his father named Shlomo lie about their ages and depart with other hardy men to Auschwitz.
Ellie's mother and three sisters disappear into Birkenau, the death camp.

After viewing infants being tossed in a burning pit, Ellie rebels against God, who remains silent.

Every day, Ellie and Shlomo struggle to keep their health so they can remain in the work force.

After three weeks, Elie and his father are forced to march to Buna, a factory in the Auschwitz complex,
where they sort electrical parts in an electronics warehouse.

Elie grows morose during Rosh Hashanah services. At the next selection, the doctor culls Shlomo
from abler men. Shlomo, however, passes a second physical exam and is given another chance to live.
Elie undergoes surgery on his foot.

Because Russian liberation forces are moving ever closer to the Nazi camp, SS troops evacuate Buna in
January 1945. Elie binds his bleeding foot in strips of blanket. Inmates who falter are shot.

Elie prays for strength to save his father from death.

In wooden bunks, Elie tries to nurse his father back to health. But Ellie falls into semi delirium, when
she woke up, her father was gone, he fears that his father was sent to the ovens/gas chambers.

In April, American forces liberate the camp. Elie is so depleted by food poisoning that he stares at
himself in a mirror and sees the reflection of a corpse.

Everybody has his burden

is a folktale about an argument happened among the root, the trunk, the branches, the leaves, and the fruits of a
very beautiful tree admired by passersby. It all started when a voice from beneath cried out its complaint and
said how heavy its burden was. The branch did not accept what it heard.

Bataks – These are the people

from Batak, Indonesia.
Modification – is the use of the modifier to change the meaning of an element in a phrase or clause structure.

*The structure of a modifier is composed of head and Modifier.*

Head – this is the structure that is modified. It can be single word, phrase, or a clause.

Modifier – this is the structure that broadens, qualifies, selects, changes, describes, affects the meaning of the
head.

Premodifiers – Placed before the head.

Postmodifiers – Placed after the head.