Name: Mae Antonette R.

Orlina

Section: BIO 124 - E

BIO 124 – Quiz 9

Reproductive System (50 points)

A. Identification. (20 pts). Please put your answers after the question/statement.

1. Male gametes - Sperm

2. Capsule that surrounds the testis - Tunica Albuginea
3. Produces testosterone – Testicles
4. cutting of the ductus deferens at the level of the testes to prevent transportation of sperm-
Vasectomy
5. Carries both urine and sperm – Urethra
6. Contains an immature oocyte - Follicles
7. Site of fertilization – Fallopian Tube
8. Serves as birth canal – Vagina
9. Produces progesterone – Corpus luteum
10. Female stem cells found in a developing fetus– Oogonia

A. Directions: Please select or choose questions that would make up to 50 points

only.

1. Give the importance of the Reproductive System. (5 pts)

2. Briefly discuss spermatogenesis (10 pts)
3. Briefly discuss oogenesis (10 pts.)
4. Explain/illustrate/discuss the Menstrual Cycle (20 pts)
5. Briefly discuss the ejaculation process (10 pts)
6. Give some parts of the vulva. (5 pts)
7. What is semen? Discuss its composition. (5 pts)
8. What is the function of prostate gland? (3 pts)
9. What is the function of vestibular gland? (2 pts)
10. How does contraceptive pills prevent pregnancy? (5 pts)

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1.

 The reproductive system is an organ system that consists of sex organs that are either
male or female. The male sex organs in vertebrates are the testes, vas deferens, seminal
vesicles, prostate, and penis, while the female sex organs are the ovaries, fallopian tubes,
uterus (womb), vagina (birth canal), and mammary glands. The reproductive system's
primary function is to produce gametes and reproduce. The reproductive system is
significant because both the male and female reproductive systems are required for
reproduction. Humans, like other species, pass on some of their qualities to the following
generation. We accomplish this through our genes, which are the unique carriers of
human features.
5.
 Ejaculation is the male reproductive system's release of sperm cells and seminal plasma.
Ejaculation occurs in two stages: the first, or emission, stage involves the movement of
sperm from the testes and the epididymis (where they are stored) to the beginning of the
urethra, a hollow tube running through the penis that transports either sperm or urine; the
second, or ejaculation proper, involves the movement of the semen through the urethra
and expulsion from the body. Sexual stimulation and friction generate impulses that
travel to the spinal cord and brain. Ejaculation is a reflex action that the central nervous
system regulates. When the sexual act reaches a critical level of arousal, it is triggered. It
is divided into two stages. The vas deferens (the tubes that store and carry sperm from the
testes) contracts in the first phase to squeeze the sperm toward the base of the penis,
while the prostate gland and seminal vesicles secrete secretions to produce semen. The
ejaculation is unstoppable at this point. The muscles at the base of the penis contract
every 0.8 seconds during the second phase, forcing the semen out of the penis in up to 5
spurts.
7.
 Semen is the substance that the male ejaculates and contains the sperm. As the
sperm travels from the seminal vesicles to the environment outside the male body,
several glands add substances to the semen. The ejaculate has an average volume
of 3.4 ml and a standard variation of 1.62 ml. The volume decreases with frequent
coitus and might grow significantly after prolonged continence. It also has 5 to 25
calories and contains trace amounts of vital nutrients such as: Calcium, citrate,
fructose, glucose, lactic acid, magnesium, potassium, protein, as well as zinc.
Semen contains sperm in addition to nutrients. Sperm are the cells that can
fertilize the eggs of a female to produce babies. A single ejaculation might contain
between 200,000,000 and 300,000,000 sperm. They require nourishment since
they must travel a long distance while also surviving the hostile environment of
the vagina. The nutrients in sperm keep them alive and provide energy as they
sprint to the egg. Their primary source of energy is fructose, a form of sugar.
8.
 In reproductive anatomy, the prostate is an organ. This tiny gland resides right
beneath the bladder and is involved in the production and fine-tuning of sperm.
The prostate is a delicate, tiny organ. It is around the size of a walnut or a ping-
pong ball on average. It normally weighs roughly 1 ounce (30 grams) and is
delicate and silky to the touch. The prostate is located deep within the pelvic
cavity, between the penis and the bladder. By inserting a finger into the rectum
and pressing toward the front of the body, the prostate gland can be felt. The

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 urethra, a tube that drains urine and sperm, goes via the prostate. The prostate
serves several purposes. The most crucial is the production of seminal fluid, a
component of sperm. It also aids in hormone production and regulates urine flow.
9.

 On each side of the vaginal entrance, there are Bartholin's glands, commonly
known as vestibular glands. These glands release fluid that aids in vaginal
lubrication. Their main purpose is to secrete a mucoid fluid that aids in vaginal
and vulvar lubrication. The glands are positioned in the vulvar vestibule, on either
side of the vaginal external opening. They are similar to male bulbourethral
(Cowper's) glands.
10.
 Contraceptive pills are a type of hormone-based medication. Contraceptive pills
are packaged in a box, and you take one pill every day. If you take your tablet on
time, it is safe, inexpensive, and effective. Aside from preventing pregnancy, the
pill has numerous additional health benefits. Contraceptive pills are classified into
two types: combination pills (also known as combined oral contraceptives, or
COCs), and combination pills contain both estrogen and progestin. The
contraceptive pill prevents sperm from uniting with an egg. Fertilization occurs
when sperm and egg combine. The pill's chemicals safely prevent ovulation.
Because there is no egg for sperm to fertilize, pregnancy cannot occur. The
hormones in the pill help thicken the mucus on the cervix. This thicker cervical
mucus, like a sticky security guard, prevents sperm from swimming towards the
egg.