Chapter 5

CHAPTER -5

DATA PRESENTATION AND COMPARISON

(LIBRARIANS/LIBRARY SERVICES)

5.0 Introduction

The researcher has selected the Central library of each university for this study.
Departmental libraries exist in DU, JNU, JMI and GGSIPU but not in AUD and
IGDTUW. The second set of questionnaire intends to capture the information about
libraries and the kind of services they provided to the library users. It is also essential
to learn the qualification and experiences of the existing staff concerning digital
literacy. The researcher distributed the google forms in all the six selected libraries
through email and got 26 responses. However, to make the library profile, researcher
contacted senior librarians of each university, in-person to know about their services
and initiatives.

5.1 Data Presentation

The researcher got total 26 responses from all the six selected universities in which
the highest participation from AUD 6 respondents; JNU 5 respondents, IGDTUW,
JMI and DU 4 respondents from each university whereas only three library
professionals responded from GGSIPU (Table-5.1).

Library Professionals (Table-5.1)

University Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
AUD 6 23.07 23.1 23.1
IGTDUW 4 15.4 15.4 38.5
GGSIPU 3 11.5 11.5 50
JMI 4 15.4 15.4 65.4
JNU 5 19.2 19.2 84.6
DU 4 15.4 15.4 100.0
Total 26 100.0 100.0

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5.1.1 Designation of Library Professionals

Out of total 26 library professionals, 02 participants work as Deputy Librarian in

AUD and JNU. The number of Assistant Librarians are 11 in which four from JNU,
two from JMI and DU each and one from AUD, IGDTUW and GGSIPU each (Table-
5.2)

Designation of Library Professionals (Table-5.2)

Designation AUD IGDTUW GGSIPU JMI JNU DU Total
Assistant Librarian 1 1 1 2 4 2 11
Deputy Librarian 1 0 0 0 1 0 2
Librarian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Professional
2 0 1 2 0 1 6
Assistant
Senior/Junior
2 3 1 0 0 1 7
Library Assistant
Total 6 4 3 4 5 4 26

Total 13 professionals are working at the junior level. 06 professionals work as

professional assistant, and 07 are working as senior/junior library assistant.

5.1.2 Highest Qualification in LIS

As shown in table-3, out of 26 library professionals, 15 have MLISc degree. Five

have MPhil, and five got the PhD degree as the highest qualification; only one library
professional has BLISc as the highest qualification (Table-5.3)

Highest Qualification in LIS (Table-5.3)

Course AUD IGDTUW GGSIPU JMI JNU DU Total

BLISc 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

MLISc 3 2 2 2 2 4 15

MPhil 2 0 0 1 2 0 5

PhD 1 1 1 1 1 0 5

Total 6 4 3 4 5 1 26

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5.1.3 Computer Literacy

On the question of possessing any diploma, degree or certificate course in computer

literacy, 19 people have a positive response. Seven respondents do not possess any
degree, diploma or certificate course in computer literacy (Table-5.4a).

Possession of Computer Literacy Diploma, Certificate Course (Table-5.4a)

AUD IGDTUW GGSIPU JMI JNU DU Total

No 2 3 0 0 0 2 7

Yes 4 1 3 4 5 2 19

Total 6 4 3 4 5 4 26

Computer literacy certificates (if Yes) (Table-5.4b)

Course AUD IGDTUW GGSIPU JMI JNU DU Total

Certificate Course in
0 0 1 0 0 0 1
Computer

Diploma in Computer
operator and programme 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
assistant
MCA 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
PGDCA 1 0 2 3 3 2 11
PGDLAN 3 0 0 1 1 0 5
Total 4 1 3 4 5 2 19

Out of 19 library professionals, having computer literacy certificates, only 11 have

done Post Graduate Diploma in Computer Application (PGDCA); 05 have Post
Graduate Diploma in Library Automation and Networking (PGDLAN), and 01 has a
Master of Computer Application (MCA) degree. The 05 participants from JNU, 04
from JMI and 03 from GGSIPU have completed the computer literacy-related
courses. (Table-5.4b)

5.1.4 Nature of Employment

The out of 26 library professionals from all the six universities, 18 participants are
working on a permanent position, 03 have long term employment contract, and 05

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have given the short term contract. In JNU, JMI and GGSIPU all the participants hold
the permanent position. (Table-5.5)

Nature of Employment (Table-5.5)

Nature AUD IGDTUW GGSIPU JMI JNU DU Total
Long Term
2 1 0 0 0 0 3
Contract
Permanent 2 2 3 4 5 2 18
Short Term
2 1 0 0 0 2 5
Contract
Total 6 4 3 4 5 4 26

5.1.5 Work Experience

The experience of the respondents goes wide and have a range between 03 to 31 year
shown in table-5.6. The two participants from IGDTUW have three years‘ work
experience, and the most experienced professional is with JMI, having 31 years‘ of
work experience. (Table-5.6)

Work Experience (in years) (Table-5.6)

Experience AUD IGDTUW GGSIPU JMI JNU DU Total
3 0 2 0 0 0 0 2
7 1 0 0 2 0 0 3
9 2 0 1 0 0 0 3
10 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
12 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
13 1 0 0 0 1 0 2
14 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
15 0 0 0 0 2 1 3
16 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
17 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
18 1 0 0 0 1 2 4
20 0 1 0 0 0 1 2
25 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
31 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
Total 6 4 3 4 5 4 26

5.1.6 Technological Advancement in LIS

On the question of the technological advancement in Library and Information

Science, 13 participants take this as an opportunity to upgrade their knowledge.

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However, 10 professionals responded that technological advancement had eased their

work (Table-5.7). One professional from AUD said the technological advancement is
a challenge, whereas one said it is stressful but gives some joy.

Technological Advancements in the Field of Library and Information Science (Table-5.7)

AUD IGDTUW GGSIPU JMI JNU DU Total
Any other (please specify) 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
Challenging 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
Ease our work 1 3 0 0 3 3 10
It’s difficult but enjoying 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
Opportunity to upgrade
3 1 2 4 2 1 13
the knowledge
Total 6 4 3 4 5 4 26

5.2 Library Profile and Services

Based on the information given by the librarians of all the selected universities, the
researcher has prepared a profile of each university and presented here through the
comparative charts and tables. The profile divided into two parts. First one is
collection and resources, and the second one is the services offered by the libraries.

As shown in Chart:1 among all the six university libraries, Library of AUD is the
youngest one as it came into existence during 2008 whereas Dr Jakir Hussain Library
of Jamia Milia Islamia (JMI), is the oldest library established during 1920. Central
Library of the University of Delhi (DU) is functional from 1922.

Chart-5.1: Establishment Year

2009
1999 2012

1969

1920 1922

AUD GGSIPU IGDTUW JMI JNU DU

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The University Information Resource Centre (UIRC) of Guru Govind Singh

Indraprastha University and Learning Resource Centre (LRC) of Indira Gandhi Delhi
Technical University for Women came into existence in 19991 and 20122 respectively.
However, before 2012 IGDTUW was running as IGIT (Indira Gandhi Institute of
Technology) and affiliated with GGSIPU but in 2012 it became an autonomous
university and named as “Indira Gandhi Delhi Technical University for Women‖. The
Dr B.R. Ambedkar Library of Jawaharlal Nehru University came into existence in
1969, which is the third oldest library in the group of six universities.

5.2.1 Library Collection and Infrastructure

In this section, the researcher tried to draw an attention on the budget utilisation,
collection of print books, online database, and the number of computers installed in
the library for users along with the access to e-books and e-journals.

5.2.1.1 Budget Ratio

AUD, GGSIPU and DU spend more than 50 per cent of their total budget, over print
resources and less than 50 per cent allocated to the on online resources. The JNU
library spends less than 25 per cent of its budget on print resources and allocates more
than 50 per cent money on online resources. However, JMI consumes, less than 50
per cent of the budget on the online resources and spends more than 25 per cent fund
on the print resources (Table-5.8)

Budget Ratio of Print and Online Resources in the Library (Table-5.8)

University Less than 25 % Less than 50% More than 25 % More than 50 %
AUD - Online Resources - Print Resources
GGSIPU - Online Resources - Print Resources
IGDTUW - Print Resources - Online Resources
JMI - Online Resource Print Resources -
JNU Print Resources - - Online Resources
DU - Online Resources - Print Resources

1
http://ipu.ac.in/urc/AboutUIRC.htm
2
https://www.igdtuw.ac.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1&Itemid=2

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5.2.1.2 Print Books: Collection

Though JMI library is the oldest library in the list of six universities, DU has the
highest number of print books having more than 16 lakhs print books collection3
followed by JNU with more than 5 Lakh print books, slightly lower than JMI (546
thousand). Other three state university libraries have comparatively lesser number of
books. GGSIPU has nearly 82 thousands books; AUD keeps 50 thousand print books,
and IGDTUW has a collection of around 20 thousand print books.

Chart-5.2: Print Books Collection (in thousands)

1653

546 543

83
50 20

AUD GGSIPU IGDTUW JMI JNU DU

5.2.1.3 Online Database

In the comparison of online database, IGDTUW has the least number (10) of the
database however AUD4 has access to the 39 online databases, equivalent to JNU5
(39). JMI has the reach of 356 online data bases, and GGSIPU has access to the 14
online databases, chart: 3. Library of DU has access to the highest number of the
online database, i.e. 48.

3
http://crl.du.ac.in/statusreport/ANNUAL%20REPORT%202016-2017.pdf
4
http://aud.ac.in/upload/Annual_Report_2016_2017.pdf
5
https://www.jnu.ac.in/sites/default/files/annual_report/48AnnualReport_Eng_0.pdf
6
https://www.jmi.ac.in/upload/menuupload/university_annual_report_english_2017_2018.pdf

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Chart-5.3: Number of Online Database

48

39 39
35

14
10

AUD GGSIPU IGDTUW JMI JNU DU

5.2.1.4 Computer Installed in Library

With 300 computers, JNU library has the highest number of computer installed in the
library for the users. JMI has 150 computers, and DU has 50 dedicated computers for
the library users. Though the IGDTUW is the technical university, the library has only
one computer for the library users. AUD is the social science university and provides
20 dedicated computer for the library users. GGSIPU has installed 75 computers for
library users(Chart:5.4).

Chart-5. 4: Computers Installed in Library for Users

300

150
75
20
1
50
AUD
GGSIPU
IGDTUW
JMI
JNU
DU

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5.2.1.5 Access to e-Journals

JNU introduced access to e-journals in the year 1995 and GGSIPU started this service
during 2004; DU provided access to e-journals in 2005 whereas JMI introduced e-
journals only in 2012. AUD started subscription of e-journals in the year 2010,just
after one year of its establishment (Chart:5.5).

Chart-5.5: Access to e-Journals Started in Year

2010
2010
2012
2004
2005

1995

AUD
GGSIPU
IGDTUW
JMI
JNU
DU

5.2.1.6 Access to e-Books

Surprisingly IGDTUW does not have an e-book, and JMI started accessing only in the
year 2017. JNU started procurement of e-Books in the year 2000, GGSIPU began in
2004, and DU initiated purchasing of the e-Books in 2006. After one year of its
establishment, AUD introduced e-Books in 2010 for its users (Chart: 5.6).

Chart-5.6: Access to e-Books Started in Year

2010 2004
2017 2000 2006

0
AUD
GGSIPU
IGDTUW JMI
JNU
DU

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5.2.2 Library Services

In this section, the researcher asked some questions to librarians, on different digital
tools and digital library services to the library users. In this study, the essential digital
services are online library catalogue, online resources, inter-library loan, document
delivery services, remote access and searching facility. All the listed libraries offer
these services to users, except IGDTUW, which does not give Inter-Library Loan
(ILL), Document Delivery Services (DDS) and Remote Access facility to the users, as
shown in Table-5.9.

Library Services (Table-5.9)

Inter-
Unive Online Online Document Remote Searching
Library
rsity Catalogue Resources Delivery Services Access Facility
Loan

AUD Yes yes Yes yes yes yes

GGSI
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
PU

IGDT
Yes Yes No No No Yes
UW

JMI Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

JNU Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

DU Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

5.2.2.1 ICT Tools

IGDTUW does not provide any ICT tool except Wi-Fi to the library users; however,
AUD and GGSIPU offer, Desktop with Wi-Fi connectivity. JMI give access to the
desktop with a scanner, printer and Wi-Fi, whereas DU and JNU provide camera and
headphone along with desktop, printer, scanner and Wi-Fi to the users as indicated in
Table-5.10

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ICT Tools (Table-5.10)

University Desktop Desktop with Headphone Camera Scanner Printer Wifi

AUD Yes No No No No Yes

GGSIPU Yes No No No No Yes

IGDTUW No No No No No Yes

JMI Yes No No Yes Yes Yes

JNU Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

DU Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

5.2.2.2 Online Facilities in Library

When the researcher enquires about the available online facilities in the libraries,
IGDTUW, has not a single online facility for the users (Table: 4) whereas AUD has
not single-window-search And Subject portal facility for the users. Rest of all
GGSIPU, JMI, JNU, and DU have all the online facilities listed in Table-5.11.

Online Facilities in Library (Table-5.11)

Single Listing of
AtoZ list AtoZ list Institutional Subject
University Window Open
e-journals e-Books e-Repository Portal
Search Resources
AUD Yes Yes No Yes Yes No
GGSIPU Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
IGDTUW No No No No No No
JMI Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
JNU Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
DU Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

5.2.2.3 Onsite Training by Publishers to Users

The onsite training on the available resources to the library users has never happened
in IGDTUW; some training took place in AUD, rarely happened in DU. However,
JNU and GGSIPU often conduct this training (Table-5.12).

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Onsite Training by Publishers to Users (Table-5.12)

AUD GGSIPU IGDTUW JMI JNU DU

Never × × √ × × ×
Often × √ × × √ ×
Rarely × × × × × √
Frequently × × × √ × ×
Sometimes √ × × × × ×

5.2.2.4 Onsite Training by Publishers to Library Staff

Again the onsite training by publishers to library users never happened in IGDTUW,
often in GGSIPU and JMI, sometimes training organised in AUD and JNU however
rarely took place in DU (Table-5.13).

Onsite Training By Publishers to Library Staff (Table-5.13)

AUD GGSIPU IGDTUW JMI JNU DU
Never × × √ × × ×
Often × √ × √ × ×
Rarely × × × × × √
Frequently × × × × √ ×
Sometimes √ × × × × ×

5.2.2.5 Exclusive Library Website or Webpage

All the six libraries have either dedicated website or webpage listed with library
services and facilities (Table-5.14a). However, the library website or webpage has
managed by the IT division in all the universities except IGDTUW, where it get
managed by the library division (Table-5.14b).

Exclusive Library Website or Webpage (Table-5.14a)

AUD GGSIPU IGDTUW JMI JNU DU

Yse √ √ √ √ √ √
No × × × × × ×

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Library Website or Webpage Management (Table-5.14b)

AUD GGSIPU IGDTUW JMI JNU DU
IT Division √ √ × √ √ √
Library
× x √ × × ×
Division

5.2.2.6 Library Programmes for Users

JNU library is frequently conducting all the programmes listed in Table-5.15 to users;
however, the Information Literacy (IL) programme frequently offered by AUD, JMI
and DU. GGSIPU is often offering and IGDTUW sometimes. IGDTUW has never
conducted any library lectures in class and never offered a library manual/brochure by
AUD and IGDTUW. Rest of the programmes getting conducted by all the universities
only difference in their frequency.

Programmes Conducted By The Library (Table-5.15)

Library
AUD GGSIPU IGDTUW JMI JNU DU
Programmes
Bibliographic
Sometimes Sometimes Sometimes Often Frequently Sometimes
Details
Library
Frequently Often Sometimes Often Frequently Often
Tour
Information
Frequently Often Sometimes Frequently Frequently Frequently
Literacy
Library
Lectures Often Often Never Sometimes Frequently Sometimes
in Class
Library
Manual/ Never Often Never Rarely Frequently Sometimes
Brochure
User
Frequently Often Sometimes Frequently Frequently Sometimes
Education

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5.2.2.7 Methods of Information Literacy programme

JNU and DU have adopted all the methods of workshop/seminar, training (as listed in
the Table:9),online tutorials for information literacy programme. AUD and GGSIPU
are following the same methods but the online tutorials. JMI and IGDTUW do not
offer online tutorial method, and these two universities have not adopted scheduled
training for an information literacy programme. (Table-5.16)

The Methods of Information Literacy programme (Table-5.16)

Programmes AUD GGSIPU IGDTUW JMI JNU DU
Workshop/Seminar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
E-Resources Orientation Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Subject-specific orientation Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes
Scheduled Training Yes Yes No No Yes Yes
On-Demand Training Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Online Tutorial No No No No Yes Yes
None of The Above - -

5.2.2.8 Hands-on-Training

All the libraries are facilitating hands-on-training on online search techniques. Library
websites (except JMI and IGDTUW), features and coverage of subscribed database
and open access resources. All the university libraries are offering hands-on-training
on open referencing tools, excluding JMI and IGDTUW on anti-plagiarism software
and remote access to online resources except IGDTUW (Table-5.17)

Hands-On Training (Table-5.17)

Hands-On Training AUD GGSIPU IGDTUW JMI JNU DU
Online Searching Technique Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Library Website/page Yes Yes No No Yes Yes
Features and Coverage of
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
subscribed database
Features and Coverage of
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Open Access Resources
Open Referencing Tools Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Anti-Plagiarism software Yes Yes No No Yes Yes
Remote Access to Resources Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes

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5.2.2.9 Medium of Instruction for the Information Literacy programme

The medium of instruction is bilingual (Hindi and English) in all the universities for
the information literacy programme (Table-5.18).

The Medium of Instruction for the Information Literacy programme (Table-5.18)

Language AUD GGSIPU IGDTUW JMI JNU DU
Hindi √ √ √ √ √ √
English √ √ √ √ √ √
Bilingual √ √ √ √ √ √

5.2.2.10 Accessibility of Online Resources

The available online resources are accessible to visually challenged users in all the
libraries except IGDTUW and GGSIPU (Table-5.19a). The reason for non-
accessibility of library resources to visually challenged users in IGDTUW and
GGSIPU because both the universities do not have an assistive technology in their
library. JNU and DU have all the assistive technologies listed in (Table-5.19b). The
JMI library is using Jaws, Scanner with reader and Daisy Books/Talking books for the
visually challenged users however, AUD has access to Jaws (Screen Reader) and
Daisy Books/Talking books. AUD has a plan to procure Scanner with reader
technology for the visually challenged users.

The Resources Available in the Library are Accessible for Visually Challenged Users (Table-
5.19a)
Accessible AUD GGSIPU IGDTUW JMI JNU DU
Yes √ × × √ √ √
No × √ √ × × ×

The software/tools used in the library (Table-5.19b)

Assistive Technology AUD GGSIPU IGDTUW JMI JNU DU
Jaws √ × × √ √ √
Braille × × × × √ √
Kurzweil × × × × √ √
Scanner with Reader × × × √ √ √
Daisy Books/Talking Books √ × × √ √ √

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5.3 Conclusion

In this chapter, the researcher presents a detailed and comparative data set about the
sample libraries and librarians. The researcher also reflects on the library services,
tools and use of technologies to promote the research and development in higher
education in these libraries. The IGDTUW library is far behind in terms of online
services, facilities and infrastructure though it is a technical university. The next
chapter deals with data analysis and conclusion.

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