v80G Technical Training

Intellian Technologies, Inc.

Intellian Tech Support Team
2014. November, 21

© 2013 Intellian Technologies Global Leader In Marine Satellite Antenna Systems

 Document Control

Version Date Summary of Changes Editor

1.0 2014-11-21 Template Revised Ciona Lee

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 Introduction
• Geostationary Orbit Satellite
• Overall Structure

© 2013 Intellian Technologies Global Leader In Marine Satellite Antenna Systems

 Geostationary Orbit Satellite

• Features
• Placed approx. 36,700 Km (≒22,300 mil.) above the
equator.
• Maintain a constant position relative to the surface of
the earth.
• Applications
• Communication
• Broadcasting Sub-satellite Point

Equator
36,700Km
Earth Satellite

Geostationary Arc

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 Overall Structure

Ku Band Satellite

• GEO Satellite
• VSAT Hub Station
• Remote Station
VSAT Antenna
HUB

Antenna Control Unit

& Modem
Internet Phone

Routing &
VoIP Devices

Laptop Computer On Board Phones

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 Azimuth and Elevation
• Azimuth Angle and Elevation Angle

© 2013 Intellian Technologies Global Leader In Marine Satellite Antenna Systems

 Azimuth Angle and Elevation Angle

• It is important to adjust the angles for the antenna to

receive the satellite signals.
• Azimuth is the horizontal direction
of the Satellite, or the direction
of the antenna, in a clockwise
direction from true north.
• The Azimuth and Elevation Angle Satellite

to Satellite: antenna location

Elevation Angle
determines AZ angle and
EL angle.

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 Azimuth and Elevation Angle

Azimuth Angle Elevation Angle

Satellite G19

Boston Miami

North (Exterior Angle) South(Center)

Satellite G19

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 Basic Configuration
• Basic Elements
• Basic Configuration
• Satellite Broadcast Frequency
• Frequency Band

© 2013 Intellian Technologies Global Leader In Marine Satellite Antenna Systems

 Basic Elements

Uplink

Downlink

Ku modem

IF output
LNB Demodulator Decoder
Ku information

BUC
IF Modulator Encoder
input
information

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 Basic Configuration

Antenna

Ship Gyrocompass
Tx RF Cable
Rx RF Cable
BUC Power Cable (+48V)
Ship’s
Gyro Interface Cable (NMEA)
Main Power
110/220 VAC 19” Rack

ACU Modem Rx RF Cable

Modem LAN Cable

Ethernet Switch
Power Cable

Power Distribution Unit

220 VAC from UPS

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 Satellite Broadcasts Frequency

Satellite Ka Band (18~22GHz)

Satellite Ku Band (10.7~12.75GHz)
30 GHz
SHF Satellite C Band (3.4~4.8GHz)
3 GHz Satellite L Band (1~2 GHz)
UHF UHF TV Channel
300 MHz VHF TV Channel
VHF FM Radio Broadcasting
30 MHz VHF TV Channel
SHF : Super High Frequency
Short Wave
3 MHz UHF : Ultra High Frequency
AM Radio Broadcasting
MF VHF : Very High Frequency
300 kHz
MF : Medium Frequency
LF
30 kHz LF : Low Frequency
VLF VLF : Very Low Frequency
3 kHz

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 Frequency Bands

• Microwave Bands
4 GHz 8 GHz 12 GHz 18 GHz 26.5 GHz

C Band X Band Ku Band Ka Band

•
Ku VSAT

WW R2 R2 R1 R3 R1 R2
R3 WW R2 R1
R3 WW
10.7 11.7 12.1 12.2 12.5 12.7 12.75 13.75 14.3 14.4 14.5
GHz GHz GHz GHz GHz GHz GHz GHz GHz GHz GHz

America
WW : Worldwide
Downlink : 11.7 ~ 12.2GHz with 10.75 LO
R1 : Europe, Africa
Uplink : 14.0 ~ 14.5 GHz (13.75 ~ 14.5 extended) R2 : America
Europe R3 : Asia
Downlink : 10.7 ~ 12.2GHz with 9750 or 10600 LO
Uplink : 14.0 ~ 14.5 GHz 13

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 Polarization
• Satellite Signal Polarization
• Linear Polarization
• Circular Polarization: RHCP and LHCP

© 2013 Intellian Technologies Global Leader In Marine Satellite Antenna Systems

 Satellite Signal Polarization

• Polarization is the orientation of the signal.

• Polarization increases and maximizes the capacity of the

limited frequency space.
• Polarization allows twice as much channels in the
same amount of frequency space.

• Polarization can be defined in two-types:

• Circular Polarization
• Linear Polarization

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 Linear Polarization

• Vertically or Horizontally polarized.

• To receive linearly polarized signals, antenna must be

equipped with a linear LNB.

• The LNB skew angle must be adjusted to receive and

must be oriented in the same way as the satellite signal.

• The LNB skew angle is calculated by the GPS location

and the target satellite.

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 Linear Polarization (continued)

Vertical

Transmit direction

Horizontal

Transmit direction

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 Circular Polarization

• Right Hand Circular Polarized: RHCP

• Left Hand Circular Polarized: LHCP
• To receive circularly polarized signals, antenna must be
equipped with a circular LNB.

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 Circular Polarization (continued)

• Maximize the use of limited frequency spectrum.

• This allows twice as many channels in the same
amount of spectrum space.

RHCP

LHCP

Satellite

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 Circular Polarization: RHCP and LHCP

RHCP

Transmit direction

LHCP

Transmit direction

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 LNB and BUC
 LNB: Low Noise Block Down Converter
 Intellian PLL LNB
 BUC: Block Up Converter
 Various BUC
 LNB and BUC in Satellite Communication

21
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 LNB and BUC
• LNB: Low Noise Block Down Converter
• Intellian PLL LNB
• BUC: Block Up Converter
• Various BUC
• LNB and BUC in Satellite Communication

© 2013 Intellian Technologies Global Leader In Marine Satellite Antenna Systems

 LNB: Low Noise Block Down Converter

• LNB
• Receives high frequency from the satellite.
• Converts it to intermediate frequencies which can be
handled and transported through lower cost
equipment and cables, down to the satellite receiver,
or modem.

• It was named because it converts the entire block or

range of Ku-band or C-band signals received from the
satellite, down to a range of IF frequencies.

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 LNB (continued)

• Single LNB
• Single local frequency for regional service
• NJR2835S with 10.75 GHz single band LNB
• Multiband LNB
• Multiple local frequency
• Band controlled by voltage or 22 KHz tone
• NJR2843S with 9.75/ 10.6 GHz dual band LNB
Swedish microwave type H, R, O…
• PLL LNB for SCPC carrier
• Local Stability ± 25KHz or less
• Regular LNB for DVB carrier
• Local Stability ± 900 KHz or more
f IF  f RX  f LNB _ LOCAL
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 Intellian PLL LNB

• Patent pending Intellian Global PLL LNB as standard

for Ku-band system

• Specially designed for marine VSAT antennas

• Supports global operations and any
Ku-band service network.
• User programmable support for
an unlimited number of LO frequencies
• Able to substitute for any type of
SMW/ NJRC PLL LNB
• ± 10 KHz stability (1 ppm)

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 BUC: Block Up Converter

• The transmission (uplink) of

satellite signals.
• Conversion a band of frequencies
from a lower frequency to a higher
frequency.
• The BUC, being an up-converting device,
makes up the transmit side of the system,
while the LNB is the down-converting
device and makes up the receive side.
• VSAT system utilizes both a BUC and
an LNB, using them for bidirectional
Internet access via satellite.

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 Various BUC

RF output Frequency Rang Antenna

Type Manufacturer BUC Model No. Power
e/ Local Frequency Model No.

NJRC (Mini, 13.75 GHz ~ 14.50 GHz /

Default NJT8318UNMR 8W V2-81-CJW
M&C) 12.80 GHz

NJRC (Mini, 13.75 GHz ~ 14.50 GHz /

Option NJT8319UNMR 16W V2-81-CLW
M&C) 12.80 GHz

4908-W/E- 13.75 GHz ~ 14.50GHz/

Option CODAN(Mini) 8W V2-81-C8W
DC/EX-CE-NI 12.80 GHz

TX Frequency
• Standard band : 14.0 ~ 14.5 GHz fTX  f IF  f BUC _ LOCAL
• Extended band : 13.75 ~ 14.5 GHz

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 LNB and BUC in Satellite Communication

Ku-band Satellite

Uplink (13.75 ~ 14.5 GHz)

Downlink (10.95 ~ 12.75 GHz)
VSAT
Remote Station

C
Modem

IF output
LNB Demodulator Decoder
C information

IF input
BUC Modulator Encoder
information

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 LNB and BUC in Satellite Communication
(continued)

Space
Segment

Satellite
Repeater

Uplink

C
IF Modem input
BUC information

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 LNB and BUC in Satellite Communication
(continued)

Space
Segment

Satellite
Repeater

Downlink

IF output
LNB Modem information

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 LNB Skew
• Cross Pol and Co-Pol
• LNB Skew of Linear Polarization (Ideal and Real)
• LNB Skew

© 2013 Intellian Technologies Global Leader In Marine Satellite Antenna Systems

 Cross-Pol and Co-Pol

• Two polarization orientation: horizontal or vertical

• Horizontal and vertical signals can interfere with each
other if the antenna is not properly aligned.

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 LNB Skew of Linear Polarization (Ideal)

Astra2 : 28.2°E
Geometry angle
London, Astra2  -20°

Turkey: 28° Berlin: 15° London: 0°

Skew: 0° Skew: -10° Skew: -20°

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 LNB Skew of Linear Polarization (Real)

Astra2 : 28.2°E Real skew angle

London, Astra2  -8°

Turkey: 28° Berlin: 15° London: 0°

Skew: +12° Skew: +2° Skew: -8°

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 LNB Skew

• It lines up the satellite dish to the horizontal and vertical

point with the satellite up in the sky.

• The LNB skew will place the LNB in the exact location
required.

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 Modem: iDirect X5
• Standard Modem: iDirect X5
• X5 Features

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 Standard Modem: iDirect X5

• Standard Modem
• Tx Output: 950 - 1700 MHz
• Rx Input: 950 - 1700 MHz
• SMW LNB for full Rx coverage
• iDirect X5, Comtech, etc.

• iDirect X5
• Tx Output: 950 - 1700 MHz
• Rx Input: 950 - 2150 MHz
• Dual band LNB is enough for full
Rx coverage.

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 X5 Features

• iDirect/ Software: iSite 8.0

• Optional file (*.opt)
• Package file (*.pkg)

• Main Parameters
• Rx frequency and Tx frequency
• Uplink local frequency and downlink local frequency
• GPS: GPS data is required by mobile modem.
• Modem lock: Identify the target satellite.
• Tx mute: Disable the Tx transmit if the antenna is
blocked or
miss pointed at the target satellite by over 0.2
degrees.

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 Contact Point : Charlie Snooke
charlie.snooke@intelliantech.com

© 2013 Intellian Technologies Global Leader In Marine Satellite Antenna Systems