OBJECT-ORIENTED

SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

METHODOLOGY
SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (SDLC)

Planning

Feasibility Study (optional)
Analysis

Requirements Determination

Conceptual Design

Physical Design

Construction and/or Purchase (prototype)

Training
Design

Conversion - old to new

Implementation

Evolution - maintenance & enhancements
 METHODOLOGY OVERVIEW
• Methodology defined: The way something
gets done. The strategy, steps, directions, or
actions.
• Methodologies can be:
• purchased
• created
• combination of both
• Thousands available for developing
information systems
 METHODOLOGY OVERVIEW

• Classifications of Methodologies
• Traditional
• Structured Analysis and Design
• Information Modeling/Engineering
• Object-Oriented
• Prototyping is a technique - (some say that it
is a methodology)
 The Traditional Methodology
(1950s - now)

• Applicable for small teams on small projects

• Functional perspective of problem domain

• Informal, unstructured, unrepeatable,

unmeasurable, ad-hoc way

• Tools used to support it are okay

 Traditional Methodology Tools

-----------TECHNIQUES & TOOLS REPRESENTING-----------

System Data Communication Process
Flows with users Logic

System Forms, Interviews English

Flowcharts Narrative,
Layouts,
Playscript,
Grid Charts Program
Flowcharts,
HIPO Charts
 Structured Analysis and Design
Methodology
(mid-1970s - now)
• Data Flow methodology (synonym)
• Compliments Structured Programming
• Very popular - perhaps the leading one
• Can be repeatable, measurable, & automated
• CASE brought significant assistance
• 1) Yourdon, and 2) Gane & Sarson
• Functional perspective of problem domain
• Describes the real world as data flowing through the information
system, being transformed from inputs to outputs
 Structured Analysis and Design
Methodology Tools

-----------TECHNIQUES & TOOLS REPRESENTING-----------

System Data Communication Process
Flows with users Logic
Decision
Data Flow Data Dictionary, Interviews,
Tree/Table,
Diagram Data Structure User Reviews, Structured
Diagrams, JAD sessions English,
Entity- Structure
Charts,
Relationship
Warnier/Orr
Diagrams Diagram
 Monthly Account
Statements
New or Modified
Monthly Statement Prior Monthly
(adapted from Systems Analysis and Statement
Design Methods, 4th Edition, Whitten Monthly Reconcile
and Bentley, McGraw-Hill, 1998)
Bank
Statement Account
Balances

Transaction

Creditor
Bill Account Account
Balance Transactions

Current
Payment Pay Balance
a Bank Accounts
Bill

Modified Balance
Payment

Withdraw Modified
Account Deposit Funds from Balance
Transactions
an Account

Withdraw or transfer

Deposit Funds
Employer
Pay into an
Account
Bank

Other
Income
Reimbursement
Source
(adapted from Systems Analysis and
Design Methods, 4th Edition, Whitten
and Bentley, McGraw-Hill, 1998)

CUSTOMER ORDER

Customer Number (PK) Order Number (PK)

has placed
Customer Name Order Date
Shipping Address Order Total Cost
Billing Address Customer Number (FK)
Balance Due

sold

ORDERED PRODUCT
INVENTORY PRODUCT
Ordered Product ID (PK)
Product Number (PK) sold as
. Order Number (FK)
Product Name
. Product Number (FK)
Product Unit of Measure
Quantity Ordered
Product Unit Price
Unit Price at Time of Order
Information Modeling Methodology
(early-1980s - now)
• Data modeling & information engineering
(synonyms)
• Describes the real world by its data, the data’s
attributes, and the data relationships
• Can be repeatable, measurable, and automated
• Data perspective of the problem domain
 Information Modeling Methodology Tools

-----------TECHNIQUES & TOOLS REPRESENTING-----------

System Data Communication Process
Flows with users Logic
Interviews, Business
Business Business
Systems
Area Area User Reviews, Design
Analysis, Analysis,
JAD Sessions,
Process Entity-
Model Relationship Brainstorming

Diagrams
 Object-Oriented Methodology
(mid/late-1980s - now)
• Object modeling
• Compliments object-oriented programming
• Can be repeatable, measurable, & automated
• Object perspective of the problem domain
• Describes the real world by its objects, the attributes,
services, and relationships
• Data & functions are encapsulated together
 Object-Oriented
Methodology Tools

-----------TECHNIQUES & TOOLS REPRESENTING-----------

System Data Communication Process
Flows with users Logic
Interviews, Object
Object Object Model
Models
Model Attributes User Reviews, Services,
Scenarios,
JAD Sessions,
Decision
Brainstorming Tree/Tables,
Structured
English
 Object-Oriented Methodology

• Revolutionary or Evolutionary?

• Most difficult aspect is the transition some people have

to make from a functional or data problem solving
strategy to an object problem solving strategy. Some
people must change from a “function think” or “data
think” to an “object think” strategy.
Object Technology Principles
• Abstraction
• Encapsulation (Information Hiding)
• Inheritance
• Message Communication
• Associations
• Polymorphism
• Common Methods of Organization
• Reuse