Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
SDO- MUNTINLUPA
TUNASAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Centennial Avenue, Laguerta, Tunasan Muntinlupa City

Quantitative Research Title Written in Inverted

Pyramid Form

A Research Paper Presented to the

Faculty of Tunasan National High School

In Partial Fulfillment
of Practical Research 2

Full Name of Students

Full Name of Students
Full Name of Students
Full Name of Students
Year and Section
Academic Year 2022-2023
Title Presented on (Date here!)
 Acknowledgement

(Who are the people you want to thank and why?)

Abstract (To be done after the whole research)
(Problem and summary of what the research is all about, brief description of methodology,

findings and conclusion, and recommendation/s written as one paragraph)

______________________________________________________________________________

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_________________________(abstract should be 250-300 words

only)_____________________.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i
ABSTRACT ii
CHAPTERS
I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction 1
Theoretical Framework _
Conceptual Framework _
Statement of the Problem _
Hypothesis of the Study _
Assumptions of the Study _
Significance of the Study _
Scope and Limitation _
Definition of Terms _
Review of Related Literature
Conceptual Literature _
Research Literature _

II. METHODOLOGY
Research Design _
Respondents of the Study _
Research Instrument _
Administration of Instrument _
Statistical Treatment of Data _

III. PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, & INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Specific Question Number 1 _
Specific Question Number 2 _
(…and so on…)
IV. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary _
Major Findings _
Conclusions _
Recommendations _

REFERENCES _
APPENDIX (Complete Statistical results, sample questionnaire and others documents,
pictures, etc. )
 Chapter 1
The Problem and Its Background
(Font: Times New Roman; Size: 14; Single Space for Chapter Titles)

Introduction (Font: Times New Roman; Size: 12; Double Space: Bold for every chapter part
title)
( Background information about the problem )
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( previous researches about the study )

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(Reason/s for choosing the study. Ex. The researcher chose this topic because . . . / The

researcher became interested in the study because)

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Theoretical Framework
(This serves as the important basis for forming your own research. This should show

theories/practices from a literature review from which you based your research. It should provide

background information from previous studies/literature that will provide an understanding of

your topic. It should be an inductive approach towards your statement of the problem. Cite a

person or source from your chapter 2. The main source/person/idea found in your chapter 2 that

revolves around your paper.)___________________________________________________

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Conceptual Framework
(This section should show the interplay and dynamics of the variables in your study.

Visual image of your study and the variables you are using. Present the link/connection of your

variables in a flowchart. If the flowchart is too complex, a brief description written in paragraph

form may be added.)

Statement of the Problem
(Give the general objective of your study, cite the goals of your research and what you

really want to find out. Write your specific objectives/goals as specific questions.)

This study aims to find out the following:

1. (Profile of respondents)

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____________________________________________________________

2. (What are the indicators of what you are studying?)

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3. (Is there a relationship/effect/significant difference, etc.)

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(What is the level of effect, significant difference, etc.)

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____________________________________________________________

Hypotheses

Ho:__ (Present the null hypothesis. Ex: There is no significant difference between academic
performance and reading level)

Assumption of the Study

(Enumerate either realistic expectations or problematic situations that may affect the results of

the study but are not within the control of the researcher. Ex: The respondent’s responses were

given to the best of their capability and insight.)

1. _____________________________________________________________________

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2. _____________________________________________________________________

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3. _____________________________________________________________________

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4. _____________________________________________________________________

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5. _______________________________________________________________

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Significance of the Study

(Who will benefit from your research? Give your reasons)
Students. (Why will students benefit from this?)
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School. (Why will the school benefit from this?)

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____________________________________________________________________

Scope and Delimitation

 (Define when and where study was conducted, state what the research will cover and

what is not intended to be studied.

Ex: The researcher focused on the comparison of the social skills of children who have siblings
diagnosed with autism and those without. The study did not consider gender, social status, and
religious belief of the respondents

Definition of Terms

Word/Term. This means________(provide operational definition; how the word was

used in the study and not its dictionary definition)

Word/Term. This (term) refers to ________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________
 Review of Related Literature
(5 pages)

Conceptual Literature

(Researches directly related to the topic. Ex: “The Relationship of Academic Performance and

Self-Esteem”, researches should include factors that show Academic performance such as tests,

activities, etc. researches should also include indicators showing self-esteem such as

psychological tests and or behavioral tests.)

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______ (Please cite your sources by using in-text citations. Ex. (Guttenberg. 2003))

_____________________________________________________________________

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Research Literature
(Researches indirectly related to the topic. Ex: “The Relationship of Academic Performance and

Self-Esteem”, researches can now include Extra-curricular activity, participation in tournaments

and contests, etc.

Researches should can also include indicators showing self-perception, emotional stability and

the such.
 _______________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

______((Please cite your sources by using in-text citations. Ex. (Guttenberg. 2003))

Chapter 2
Methodology

Research Design (Descriptive or Corraletional Design)

(Explain what type of research you are making. If it is descriptive, historical, or

experimental. What is the difference of your research from the others?)

Respondents of the Study

(Who are the respondents of your study? )

(Ex. The respondents were randomly picked students of the high school division of Southville

International School and Colleges. The researcher used stratified random sampling method

where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected. The total number of

respondents is approximately 100.)

Slovin’s Formula was used to determine the sample size out of the whole population of

Senior High School students in Tunasan National High School.

n = N/ (1 + Ne2)
Where,
N = Population size
n = Sample size
e = Margin of error

(What Sampling?) was used to pick the respondents per level.

Research Instrument
 (What kind of survey did you use, was this from the internet, or was this just self-

made?)

(Ex. Self-made questionnaire was used to gather all the necessary information for the

study. The first part of the questionnaire is about the profile of the respondents, the second part is

divided by two parts: Hobbies and Social skills. On the hobbies and social skills, the respondents

were evaluated according to their experience during his or her school life. At the same time, the

respondents were given 8 items Likert Scale.)

The Likert Scale interpretation is as follows:

Likert Interpretation Extent

4.51 – 5.00 Strongly Agree Very High

3.51 - 4.50 Agree High

2.51 - 3.50 Fairly Agree Moderate

1.51 - 2.50 Disagree Low

1.00 – 1.50 Strongly Disagree Very Low

Administration of the Instrument

(How did you give out your survey?)

(E x: The researcher personally disseminated the questionnaires to the respondents. The

researcher made sure that the respondents understand the questions in the questionnaire by first

explaining the items in the questionnaire to the respondents. Retrieval was done right after the

questionnaire was answered.)

Statistical Treatment

Data gathered by the researcher was sorted, tabulated, and summarized in tables. The

researcher made use of the following statistical tools:

(What statistical treatment did you use? Give all that apply.)

Percentage. (1 sentence description)

n/N *100 = PercentageType equation here .

n=the count of the specific

N=The count of the whole population

Average (Weigthed Mean).

FORMULA

Variables of formula

Correlation. ANOVA. T-test. z-test.

Formula

Description

Chapter 3
Presentation, Interpretation, and Analysis of Data

This chapter presents the data gathered by the researcher to be able to answer the

following specific questions:

Specific Question No. 1. (Answer the questions found in your Statement of the

Problem. Give interpretation and analysis of your data. Answer your Hypothesis)
__________________________________________________?

Chapter 4
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations

Summary

(Ex: This study aimed to figure out the significant difference between the hobbies and socials

skills of high school IV male and female respondents of Southville International School and

Colleges. The study was conducted because the researcher wanted to find out if there is a

significant difference between hobbies and social skills. The study used the comparative

descriptive design to answer the research questions. A survey questionnaire was used as a

research instrument to gather data for the study.)

Major Findings

(Based on the data gathered, the following are the major findings (Answer the specific

questions in the Statement of the Problem):

(Ex:

1. A half of the respondents are male and the other half are female.

2. A majority of the students chose the mountain climbing for their hobbies.

3. A minority of the students chose role-playing and video games.

4. There is no significant difference between hobbies and social skills.)

Conclusions
Based on the major findings, the following are concluded:
( These should answer the questions in the Statement of the Problem. )

(Ex.

1. Majority of the respondents prefer watching movie, fishing, and mountain climbing.

2. Since the majority of the students of hobbies agree well as the students agree about the

social skills, if they have good skills of hobbies, they also have good social skills.

3. There is no significant difference between hobbies and social skills.)

Recommendations

(What other studies can be done that can help further deepen your study?)

Based on the conclusions and results of the study, the following are the recommendations:

(Ex.

1. For future studies the researcher recommends that the respondents surveyed should come

from the college division or the lower grades in high school and grade school.

2. It is recommended that other areas of study be undertaken such as academic achievement

and hobbies.

3. For additional research, it is recommended that other areas of psychology and recreation

be explored.)

References

(Alphabetize all entries)

Books:

Tillich, Paul. Systematic Theology. Volume 3. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1951-
1963.

Articles/Journals:

Swanson, Don. “Dialogue with a Catalogue.” Library Quarterly volume 34 ( December 1963 ):

113-125.

Unpublished Materials:

Washington, D.C. National Archives. Modern Military Records Division. Record Group 94.

Gen. Joseph C. Castner, “Report to the War Department,” 17 January 1990, sec. 4 p. E11.

Websites:

Osborn, Barbara. Snapshots from a TC Album: Tuning in to Viewing Habits. ( write web site

here ) , ( date data were retrieved).

Appendix

(This is where you put your raw data, computations from Excel, sample questionnaire)