KENYA MEDICAL TRAINING COLLEGE

RESEARCH TOPIC: KNOWLEDGE AND ALTITUDE ON THE USE OF

INTRAUTERINE COPPER DEVICE (IUD) AMONG WOMEN ATTENDING MCH/FP

CLINIC IN EMBU LEVEL 5 HOSPITAL.

PRESENTER

STUDENT NAME: NJAGI MOREEN MUKAMI

COLLEGE NO: D/NURS/20005/1840

CLASS SEPTEMBER 2019

SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF NURSING KENYA MEDICAL TRAINING

COLLEGE THIKA CAMPUS AS A PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE AWARD OF

DIPLOMA IN COMMUNIY HEALTH NURSING

KENYA MEDICAL TRAINING COLLEGE

P.O BOX 729

THIKA
DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the project is a result of my original work that has never been presented

anywhere for academic purpose for award of any certificate, diploma, or degree from any other

college or university. No part of this work shall be reproduced in any means without the author’s

consent.

NAME : NJAGI MOREEN MUKAMI

REG.NO : D/NURS/20005/1840

Signature……………………….

Dates …………………………..

This research Project has been submitted with the approval of the undersigned to the Kenya

Medical Training College - THIKA Campus.

Supervisor: MADAM MAWIA

Signature……………………………

Date…………………………………

i
DEDICATION

I do thank my family a lot for provision of financial support and encouragement. It was a tough

moment especially during collection of data but family and friends always stood with me. 

This gave me moral. Thanks a lot for everything you did for me to accomplish and successfully

finish my research 

ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I want to thank Almighty Father for giving me a clear mind and good health throughout the three

year period and also my beloved parent for her financial and moral support that she gave to me

during my research period. I also thank KMTC Thika fraternity for their contribution especially

my supervisor and my colleagues. May Almighty God grant them good and successful life.

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LIST OF ABBREVIATION  
IUCD - Intrauterine copper device  

MCH - Maternal CHILD and health clinic 

FP - Family planning 

MOH - Ministry of health 

WHO- World health organization

iv
ABSTRACT
Intrauterine copper device is one form of long lasting reversible contraception which is the most

effective type of birth control. It may be left in place for 5 years and longer up to 10 year. Once

well fitted, it does not interference with breastfeeding or sexual intercourse. The objectives of the

study were, To access the knowledge and altitude on intrauterine copper device among clients

and health providers in Embu level 5 hospital, To assess the respondent acknowledge in

intrauterine copper device (IUCD),To determine the altitude on the use of intrauterine copper

device as a method of family planning of Embu level 5 hospital. To assess the socio- cultural

factor leading to the use of intrauterine copper device at Embu level 5 hospital. The study

adopted a descriptive cross sectional design to assess knowledge and altitude on the use of

intrauterine copper device IUCD among women attending MCH/FP clinic in Embu Level 5

Hospital. Data was collected and presented in charts , graphs and tables.

v
Contents

DECLARATION..........................................................................................................................................i
DEDICATION.............................................................................................................................................ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT..........................................................................................................................iii
LIST OF ABBREVIATION...............................................................................................................................iv
ABSTRACT....................................................................................................................................................v
CHAPTER ONE..............................................................................................................................................1
1.0Background information.....................................................................................................................1
1.1PROBLEM STATEMENT........................................................................................................................2
1.2PURPOSE OF THE STUDY.....................................................................................................................3
1.3OBJECTIVES.........................................................................................................................................4
1.3.1 Broad objectives.........................................................................................................................4
1.3.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES..................................................................................................................4
1.4RESEARCH QUESTIONS.......................................................................................................................4
1.5LIMITATIONS.......................................................................................................................................4
1.6ASSUMPTIONS....................................................................................................................................5
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW.................................................................................................................6
2.1 To assess the respondent knowledge on intrauterine Copper device................................................6
CHAPTER 3:.............................................................................................................................................10
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY..............................................................................................................10
3.1 Research Design...............................................................................................................................10
3.2 Study Area.......................................................................................................................................10
3.3 study population..............................................................................................................................10
3 .3.1 Inclusion criteria......................................................................................................................10
3.3.2 Exclusion criteria.......................................................................................................................10
3.4.1 Dependent variables.................................................................................................................11
3.4.2 Independent variables................................................................................................................11
3.5 sampling procedure stroke technique.............................................................................................11
3.6 sample size determination...............................................................................................................11
3.7 Data collection procedure and tools................................................................................................13
3.7pretesting of the study.....................................................................................................................13
3.8 Ethical consideration........................................................................................................................13
3.9 Data analysis and presentation........................................................................................................14

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 3.10 Critical assumptions.......................................................................................................................14
CHAPTER FOUR..........................................................................................................................................15
Data Analysis, Presentation and interpretation.........................................................................................15
4.1 Bio graphic data...............................................................................................................................15
4.2.3 Awareness of intrauterine copper device as a family planning method...................................19
4.2.4 Respondents knowledge source about intrauterine copper device and whether used or no
used the method...............................................................................................................................20
CHAPTER 5.................................................................................................................................................24
DISCUSSION, CONCLUTION AND RECOMMENDATION..............................................................................24
5.0 INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................................24
5.1 Summary of the findings (biographic data)......................................................................................24
5.2 Knowledge on intrauterine copper device.......................................................................................24
5.3 Awareness of the Intrauterine as a family planning method...........................................................24
5.4 Altitude of women on intrauterine copper device (IUCD)...............................................................25
5.5 Conclusions......................................................................................................................................25
5.6 RECOMEDATIONS.............................................................................................................................25
CHAPTER 6.................................................................................................................................................27
REFERENCIES.........................................................................................................................................27

vii
CHAPTER ONE
1.0Background information
Intrauterine copper device is one form of long lasting reversible contraception which is the most

effective type of birth control. It may be left in place for 5 years and longer up to 10 year. Once

well fitted, it does not interference with breastfeeding or sexual intercourse. The side effects are;

Menorrhagia, Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, dysmenorrhea and amenorrhea ahomau and Patrick

2002.

The first intrauterine device, a ring of silicon was reported by Ritcher a German physician from

walderburg. This was not widely used due to the higher incident of pelvic inflammatory diseases

and sexually transmitted disease like gonorrhea which was endemic at that time.

The two well know intrauterine device before1960s are gransenburg things of silver and oter ring

which were invented in japan. They were both successfully preventing pregnancies many

physicians condemned their work especially during the mazy regime when contraceptives were

considered a threat to Argan women. Otas silver or gold intrauterine device also called preclear

or pressure ring were documented in the 1950s due to their safety and effectiveness. They were

documented in Backer and Wilson in 2010.

Intrauterine device made of non- irritants substances were introduced in the 1950s. They were

combined with other materials such as copper hormones millions of women found them

convenient, effective and state. The intrauterine device was cu – y and T C U – 200 proved to

cause fewer side effects such as pain and bleeding. However it was thought that those

intrauterine devices with generation of copper intrauterine device was developed including TCU

380a, TCU – 224 C, THE NOVART,The multileader 375 (MICU-375) and other (LUTZ,2003).

1
Modification of intrauterine contraceptive device has reduced failure rates and side effects. The

most commonly used type of intra uterine copper device in Kenya is copper T300A

Many problems associated with intrauterine copper device can be eliminated by more careful

patients and client’s selection, skillful insertion techniques and follow up by a well-trained health

practitioners (VUTZ, 2003).

1.1PROBLEM STATEMENT
The government of Kenya has really emphasized on usage of various contraceptive

methods with one of them being intrauterine copper device so as to reduce fertility rate

and increase the prevalent rates. This is to meet unmeet family planning needs. Republic

of Kenya (2009).

Most clients especially the ones who are not educated tend to listen to myths about the

use of intrauterine copper devices as a method of family planning. Approximately 40% of

women believe that the device move in the uterus causing pain and infections which

bring about fear Republic of Kenya 2009.

Due to low supply of resources needed for example gloves and sterile equipment’s,

especially in the health centers and dispensaries there is low and slow provision of these

services Miller el al (2009).

Through this low supply of resources women using intrauterine contraceptive devices

will opt to go for injectable and other method of contraceptives due to their availability

miller et al (2000) poor quality care also cause 75% deadline to use intrauterine copper

device with poorly informed health care providers clients at MCH/FP tend to lose their

worth the facility and their knowledge to insert intrauterine copper devices correctly and

2
 use of proper equipment therefore environment keeps off clients who opt to use methods

like pills which are less infectious (miller et al 2009).

Intrauterine device is one of the effective family planning methods ever developed. In the

first years of use nearly one in three Kenyan women using contraceptives were using the

intrauterine copper device but by 2004 this figure has drooped for less than (1:10) one in

ten. CBS et al (2004). However its low use by women which brings about questions as to

why this trend is happening.

Family planning is an important factor in many women lives which needs referring

according to the particular stage life centum and reproductive health. It has been urged

that control of their fertility is the largest single factor affecting the independence of

women. By finding the factors that lead to low intrauterine copper device uptake, we can

be able to find solutions to overcome and hope that it will lead to improved quality its

high use in the short run and lowering of material fetal motility in the long run in Kenya.

1.2PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The study helps to determine the factors contributing to low uptake of intrauterine copper device

among clients attending family planning clinics at Embu level 5 hospital. The gathering of the

information will help the health care provider to formulate appropriate measures to increase the

uptake in intrauterine copper device promoting its use.

The researcher hopes that after the study, most of the population will be aware of the intrauterine

copper device as a family planning method that is effective to use and also safe to be used. This

will be by providing the myths connected to intrauterine copper device

3
1.3OBJECTIVES
1.3.1 Broad objectives
To access the knowledge and altitude on intrauterine copper device among clients and health

providers in Embu level 5 hospital.

1.3.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

To assess the respondent acknowledge in intrauterine copper device (IUCD)

To determine the altitude on the use of intrauterine copper device as a method of family planning

of Embu level 5 hospital.

To assess the socio- cultural factor leading to the use of intrauterine copper device at Embu level

5 hospital.

1.4RESEARCH QUESTIONS
What is the client’s knowledge on the use of intrauterine copper device as a family planning

method?

What socio- cultural factors affect the use of intrauterine copper device as a family planning

method compared to other methods?

What is the altitude of women in the use of intrauterine copper device as a method of family

planning?

1.5LIMITATIONS
The study as a whole is interesting and a goal learning experience but it will not be certain

without limitations. It needs total commitment to complete it within the required time. Also at

financial resource will be required for typing and printing of questionnaires and also assessing

literature books especially while using the internet.

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1.6ASSUMPTIONS
The family planning clients will be in a good position to give correct answers to questionnaires

that the researcher provides.

Data collection tolls will be easily distributed to reach the targeted family planning clients.

The researcher department will provide the researcher with maximum co – operation and support

towards achieving research objectives.

5
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 
2.1 To assess the respondent knowledge on intrauterine Copper device 
The worlds major form of modern reversible contraceptive pills, injectable, condoms, and

intrauterine copper device at least well known, almost 40% of the respondents in demographic

and health surveys 2005, also in some countries many women I'm not aware of existing sources

of intrauterine copper device services ( zider et al 2003) Intrauterine devices, have not been

popular contraceptives in the USA for the past 40 years. Recent evidence however has shown a

slight ribbon in use, From a rate of approximately 2% in 2002 two over 5% in 2008 (Guttmacher

Institute 2010) empirical evidences favorable of intrauterine copper device use most women, but

there is still low usage suggests practice has not caught up with the theory. Our literature review

was conducted to explore and sing and synthesize for use in the USA lack of knowledge of

potential users it's considered a barrier to perfection of intrauterine copper device use(Brandlling

nobiling and Judy C.D or let 2013) 

Asker et al 2006 Conducted qualitative study but explored why women seem to be hesitant to

choose intrusive and Copa device as a method of family planning. Purposive sampling was used

to include total size of women of childbearing edge who will be appropriate candidate for the

device using world health organization (WHO) eligibility criteria (WHO 2008) SEVERAL

themes emerged including perceived side effects of the device including injection, perceived lack

of control when using intrauterine Copa device and worries related to intrauterine copper device

insertion procedures. 

Subjects felt a general lack of information available regarding intrauterine copper device use.

One quote emphasize a taboo nature of the device. Another participant commented about their

absence of its mention in school, due to ignorance about it, thus no awareness about its perceived

side effects range from hearing into quotation honour stories about various consequences of the

6
device to general of potential side effects such as heavier bleeding during a woman period.

Women for perceived the insertion to be “messy” This “messiness” Was related to common

misconception among participants but in tributyrin is my device to be filled during menstruation,

something this study found to be significant barrier to women consideration of intrauterine

copper device (Asker et al 2006) 

A study by sch work et al 2008 also explored non user knowledge an attitude about intrauterine

copper device 138 women working in family planning clinics were surveyed To explore

perceived knowledge and attitude about intrauterine copper device 64% stated they did not know

of any woman who as used in the utero and Copa device. 

2.2 to determine the attitude of the respondents on the use of in intrauterine copper device as a

family planning method 

Ronin and Winrob 2010 interviewed 40 women who are who are clients at and abban family

planning facility while many women discussed and perceived benefit for intruder in copper

device 33% of the women mentioned several perceived by negative aspect of the device these

concerns were compounded by the lack of knowledge regarding the reproductive anatomy. In

addition to deficiencies in knowledge and negative attitudes believes and lack of trained

providers such as lack of intrauterine copper device usage Rates (cope yano lee and washington

2011) 

The common conception there is such a God in Embu level 5 hospital MCH/FP mothers coming

for family planning in the whole month of December 2018, 80% of them believe that intrauterine

copper device is not safe as a family planning method many women, clients believe negative

myths and the misconception surrounding the use of intrauterine copper device. The resulting

negative perception among consumers are a significant barrier to the method wait are you and

7
often overshadowed it's benefits. Common misconception heard in focus group included they

believe that the intrauterine copper device gun move through the body and the cause damage it

needs to be surgically remove, intuitive and copper device users feel weak And their ability to

work is impaired, the intrauterine copper device it's not effective and if a woman becomes

pregnant while using the intruder and copper device it will harm the feotus (Commonly cited

myths in Asian Latin America and Africa) is that the baby we'll be holding the intrauterine

copper device, the intrauterine copper device strings interfere with sexual intercourse, the

intrauterine and copper device causes fatigue and infections (mamgacal the acquired project;

Eber M PSL 2010). 

One of the most important finding that came out of the focused group discussion is that

community when women passive that the family planning staff in the centers I'm not trained in

inserting the intrauterine copper device, moreover it was perceived that their clients environment

was it not suitable and therefore they were reluctant in offering intrauterine copper device. Many

health and family planning provide us, who are trained in intrauterine copper device in session

felt that they did not have enough practical experience therefore they avoid inserting the

intrauterine copper device. the clients reported that the intrauterine copper device was not

discussed during there are visits and they often had to request that information provided were

reluctance to discuss the intrauterine copper device. 

Some of them presumed that the clients we're not interested and because they we're not confident

enough. The lack of confidence Was due to lack of experience in inserting the intrauterine copper

device (according to khan and shalkh Reproductive health in 201 of intrauterine copper device

3,10,10 http/www. Reproductive health. Journal.com) 

8
2.3 to assess the sociocultural factors leading to the respondent’s use of intrauterine copper

device at embu level 5 hospital. 

In many parts of the world, women do not have power to make Decisions. In making power,

physical mobility what access 2 material resources to seek family planning services. Women use

of contraceptives is often strongly affected by spouses or family. Research has found out of that

women who choose to practice contraception risked social cultural all family conflicts. In some

areas women need their husband’s permission to visit a health facility where to travel

unaccompanied which may result in Aida clandestine or limited use contraceptives (z n dar et al

2012) 

In the 21st century, things have changed and women have the right to make decisions on the type

or family planning they want to take. Though Catholic association Daniels Christians the

opportunity to use contraceptives about about this happening. 

Clients feel more comfortable if providers respect their privacy during counseling session,

examination and procedure particularly those who obtain services in secret reports higher

satisfaction which provide us who keep their needs and personal information confidential lack of

privacy it isolates sense of modesty and makes more difficult for them to participates actively in

selecting our family planning method. 

This shows that today's century the use of intrauterine copper device is highly influenced by

socio cultural factors as well as knowledge and attitudes they have towards the family planning

method. 

9
CHAPTER 3:

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 
3.1 Research Design  
The study will adopt a descriptive cross sectional design to assess knowledge and altitude on the

use of intrauterine copper device IUCD among women attending MCH/FP clinic in embu Level

5 Hospital. 

3.2 Study Area  

This research is being conducted in Embu level 5 Hospital. The facility is located in eastern

Kenya and borders Tharaka Nithi county to the North Kitui county to the East Machakos country

to the South Muranga county to the South West, Kirinyaga county through the West and Meru

county 

to the Northwest. It covers an area of 2820.7 Kilometres square and the population of 608,599

people according to 2019 Kenya population and housing census 

3.3 study population 

The targeted population consist to women of reproductive age attending family planning clinic in

Embu level 5 hospital the facility was chosen because healthcare providers were able to offer

intrauterine copper device services if a client opted choose the method. 

3 .3.1 Inclusion criteria 

 

The study will include women of reproductive age 15 to 49 years attending MCH/FP clinic those

who are willing to participate in the exercise. 

3.3.2 Exclusion criteria 

Any person who is mentally ill 

10
women of non productive age those above 49 years the blind and physically handicapped 

3.4 study variables 

3.4.1 Dependent variables 

The use of intrauterine copper device is the dependent variables 

3.4.2 Independent variables 

Knowledge and attitude, age and the level of education are the independent variables 

3.5 sampling procedure stroke technique 

sampling refers to the process of selecting some individuals or objects from a population such

that selected group contains the entire group (kombo and Tromp 2011) the sample we'll be

obtained using simple random sampling where small papers written yes and no. all clients who

will take a paper with letter yes we'll be taken to represent the whole population from which the

sample was obtained. Simple random sampling is the best since it will ensure no bias during data

collection. 

3.6 sample size determination 

The sample size will be derived from the target population by the use of Fisher et al 1999

formula 

The formula employs 

N =Z2PQ 

D2 

Where 

N equal to desired sample size 

Z equal to the standard normal DEVIATE set at 1.96 which corresponds TO 95% confidential

level (95% = 0.96) 

Be equal to proportion the target population estimated you have particular LAW characteristics 

11
D equal to degree of occurrence usually set us 0.05.

Hence

N= 1.962 X 0.5 X (1-0.5)

0.0052

N= 3.8416X0.5X0.5

0.0025

N= 0.9604

0.0025

N=384.16

=384 people

Calculating the final stage

Nf= n

1+n

Where, 

Nf equal to the desired Sample when the population is less than 10,000 

N= a desired sample size where the target population is greater than 10,000 

12
N= estimated population size of the research

Nf =384 X500

1+384

10

100

384 = 38.4 = 49.870129

385/50

= 50 respondents

3.7 Data collection procedure and tools 

Data is collected using structural questionnaire from the study participants. A container it's

provided to put they answered papers in. At the end of the day I will summarize the different

options of the family planning women accordingly to the information provided in the

questionnaire. 

3.7pretesting of the study

Pretesting will be done before the actual data collection to test the effectiveness of the

questionnaire to detect any problem that may and must be solved before the major study is done

to make any improvements in the research project. 

3.8 Ethical consideration 

The authorization to carry out this research will besought from Kenya medical training college,

Thika campus through the head of research department where the letter of authorization will be

13
issued to go to the field. Authority will be sought From the hospital management. embu level 5 to

give me permission to do the research. Authority from the in charge of MCH/FP clinic.

Department to do the study. 

The researcher will observe confidentiality where are the respondents will not be required to

write their names all phone numbers in the questionnaire. 

3.9 Data analysis and presentation 

Quantitative and qualitative data analysis obtained from numerical and non-numerical data will

be employed in data processing. A scientific calculator will be used in analyzing the data into

percentage and degrees as to be presented into bar graphs, tables and pie charts. 

3.10 Critical assumptions 

Well respondent we'll give information that will be needed to undertake the research. The sample

of the population it's a representation of the whole study. 

14
CHAPTER FOUR
Data Analysis, Presentation and interpretation
4.1 Bio graphic data
4% of the respondents were aged 15-20 years, 30% of the respondents were aged 20-28 years,

49% of the respondents were aged 29-36years, 18% of the respondents were aged 37-42years

and 8% of the respondents were aged 43-49 years

Table 4.1.1 Biographic data of the respondents

Variables N = 50 Percentage

15 – 20 years 2 respondents 4%

20 - 28 years 15 respondents 30%

29-36 years 20 respondents 40%

37 – 42 years 9 respondents 18%

43 – 49 years 4 respondents 8%

Total 100 100%

The findings from the table above shows that most of the respondents 20% were aged between

50-55 years. 52.5% were aged between 55-60 years. 17.5% were aged 60-65 years and 10% were

aged 65 and above years.

15
4.1.2 Education level of the respondents

On the education levels, 20 respondents were found to have been educated up to college level, 10

respondents were found to have degree qualification, 15 respondents were found to have been

educated to the secondary school level and 5 respondents were found to have been educated to

the primary school level as indicated in figure 4.1.2

4.1.2

10%

20% 40%

30%

college secondary university primary

The study therefore, revealed that majority of the respondents 40% were educated up to college

level, followed by 30% were educated up to secondary level, followed by 20% who were

educated up to the university level and lastly 10% who were educated up to the primary level.

16
4.1.4 Marital status of the respondents
60% of the respondents were married, followed by 20% of the respondents who were widowed,

followed by 16% of the respondents who were single and lastly 4% of the respondents who were

divorced as indicated in figure 4.1.4

marital status
70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%
married widowed single divorced

marital status

4.2 Knowledge on the intrauterine copper device

Each client responded spontaneously on having heard of family planning. A greater number

majority of the respondents showed awareness of family planning that is 80% of the respondents

were aware of family planning and 20% of the respondents were not aware of family planning as

indicated below

17
 figure 4.2.1

20%

80%

aware of f.p not aware of f.p

4.2.2 Methods of family planning ever used by the respondents

Clients responded spontaneously on the method of the family planning one has ever used 40% of

the respondents used pills, followed by 28% who intrauterine copper device , 22% who used

implants and lastly 20% who used injectable (figure 4.2.2)

18
 family planning methods
45%
40%
40%

35%

30% 28%

25% 22%
20%
20%

15%

10%

5%

0%
PILLS IUCD IMPLANTS INJECTABLES

family planning methods

4.2.3 Awareness of intrauterine copper device as a family planning method

68% of the respondents were aware of intrauterine copper device as a family planning method

while 32% of the respondents were not aware of intrauterine copper method as indicated below

19
 FIGURE 4.2.3

32%

68%

AWARE OF IUCD NOT AWARE OF IUCD

4.2.4 Respondents knowledge source about intrauterine copper device and whether used or
no used the method
Majority of the respondents 50% reported to have heard knowledge of intrauterine copper device

from health care workers, 24% from friends, 22% taught from school and 4% from magazines or

books. 80% of the respondents have used intrauterine copper device and 20% have not used as

indicated below.

Variable knowledge source N=50 %

ICD

Taught in school 11 respondents 22%

Health workers 25 respondents 50%

Friends 12 respondents 24%

Magazine and books 2 respondents 4%

Ever used family planning

Yes 40 respondents 80%

20
 no 10 respondents 20%

4.3 Attitude of women on intrauterine copper device

Each client responded spontaneously on what they knew about intrauterine copper device as a

method of family planning. 40% reported that intrauterine copper device causes excess bleeding

followed by 26% who reported that intrauterine copper device does no delay fertility after

removal, 24% reported that IUCD does not affect breastfeeding and lastly 10% reported that

intrauterine copper device moves around the uterus as indicated in figure 4.3.1

FIGURE 4.3.1

10%

40%

26%

CAUSES EXCESS BLEEDING DOES NOT DELAY FERTILITY AFTER REMOVAL

MOVES AROUND THE UTERUS DOES NOT AFFECT BREASTFEEDING 24%

21
4.3.2 Using intrauterine copper device as a family planning method

Out of 100% of the respondents 76% of them would like to use intrauterine copper device as a

method of family planning and 24% of the respondents would not like to use intrauterine copper

device due to various problems for example excessive bleeding (Figure 4.3.2).

Variables N = 50 %

Using intrauterine copper

device As a method of family
planning
Yes 38 respondents 76%

No 12 respondents 24%

4.4 cultural factors leading to low usage of intrauterine copper device

Each clients responded spontaneously and out of 100%, 92% of the respondents were Christians

and religion accepts practice of family planning followed by 8% of the respondents who were

Muslims and each of the respondent had a different opinion on Muslims accepting the practice of

family planning as indicated in (figure 4.4.1).

22
 FIGURE 4.4.1
8%

92%

CHRISTIANS MUSLIMS

23
CHAPTER 5
DISCUSSION, CONCLUTION AND RECOMMENDATION.
5.0 INTRODUCTION
This chapter discusses the summary of the findings and represents a discussion of findings of the

study which aimed to establishing knowledge and attitude on the use of intrauterine copper

device among women attending MCH/FP clinic in Embu level 5 hospital.

5.1 Summary of the findings (biographic data)

From the study; the patient biographic data age 29 – 36 years (4%) influenced the knowledge and

altitude on the use of intrauterine copper device and their marital status (married) .Majority of

the patients 40% were educated up to the college level compared to patients of age 15 – 20 years

who 10% of the were educated up to the primary level and 16% were single as their marital

status.

5.2 Knowledge on intrauterine copper device

Intrauterine copper device knowledge and altitude is mostly influenced by women awareness of

the planning method and methods a woman has used there before. Respondents who are aware of

intrauterine copper device as a method of family planning were 80% compared to 20% of those

who not aware of IUCD as a method of family planning. Some factors that had a positive impact

towards the knowledge and altitude of IUCD are having previously used other family planning

methods, where 40% used short term methods those were pills mostly.

5.3 Awareness of the Intrauterine as a family planning method.

From the study 68% of the women were aware of IUCD as a family planning method and that

influenced the knowledge and altitude of women attending MCH/FP clinic in Embu level 5

hospital and 32% were not aware. Other factors had a positive impact towards the awareness of

24
IUCD as a family planning method that is 25% of the women had knowledge on IUCD having

received it from health care workers and 4% from magazines and books.

5.4 Altitude of women on intrauterine copper device (IUCD)

Some of the misconceptions that were noted were 40% causes excess bleeding, 26% said it does

not delay fertility after removal, 24% said it cannot affect breastfeeding lastly 10% mentioned

and said it can disappear in the body. These results are also supported by findings that the

individual level, potential IUCD users may be influenced by their level of knowledge of method,

its risks and benefits and the acceptability of FP within the women attending MCH/FP.

5.5 Conclusions
The biographic data of the respondent’s age 29 – 36 years 40% was high and 15 – 20 years 4%

was low. Other methods used by the respondents are pills 40%, IUCD 28%, 22% implants and

20% injectable.

Factors that contributed to increased knowledge and altitude of IUCD among women

attending MCH/FP clinic in Embu level 5 hospital were;

- Women of 29 – 36 years of age

- Understanding how the IUCD works, its effects and benefits

- Knowledge of someone who had used the IUCD.

Factors that hindered uptake were lack of knowledge on

- Excessive bleeding caused by the IUCD

- The IUCD moving around uterus.

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5.6 RECOMEDATIONS
There is need to continue with advocacy effects of IUCD as one of the long acting methods of

family planning.

There is need to encourage the facilities to link with the community health workers who would

assist the service providers to provide FP messages within the community and health facility.

The service provider’s knowledge and skills on counselling needs to be strengthened so that they

are able to provide comprehensive information not just about IUCD but on all methods of family

planning mix.

There is need to promote use of “champions” persons already using the IUCD as a family

planning method who can speak about within the communities and hospitals to demystify the

myths and misconceptions about the IUCD.

There is need to look for innovative ways to increase even male awareness of Family Planning

and sensation amongst them like utilizing workplace programs, Chief barazas and other male

oriented gatherings since when they gain the knowledge they can share with their wives who

may not be aware .

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CHAPTER 6
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