CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES

PROJECT PRESENTATION
BY: SANJAY SNEHAN S(20S027) & KEERTHISH K (20S014)

WHAT IS WHITE CEMENT?

White cement is typically specified to ensure clean, bright, consistent colors, including light
pastels. White cement allows a wide range of color options for producing structural and architectural
concrete, as well as masonry and cementitious building products.

The final color and look of concrete and masonry materials are affected by many factors:

• color of cement

• color of supplementary cementitious materials

• color and dosage of pigment

• color, gradation, and cleanliness of fine and coarse aggregate

• surface treatment of finished concrete

• water content

• type and dosage of admixtures

 White cement is same as that of grey Portland cement but the only
differ is in the colour and fineness. This colour of this cement is determined by
its raw materials and the process of manufacture. In this article we study
about manufacture, properties, uses and difference of white cement.

Manufacture of White Cement

The manufacturing process of white cement is same as that of grey cement,
but the selection of raw material is an important part in the manufacturing
process. The oxides of chromium, manganese, iron, copper, vanadium, nickel
and titanium imparts the grey colour to the cement. In white cement
manufacture, these raw materials are kept to least percentage.

Limestone and clay is used as a prominent raw material for the manufacture
of white cement. The manufacture process are same as that of OPC cement,
the only differences are the heat required for the burning of raw material is
more and fineness is more.

Concrete made of White cement.

Following Raw material are used to make white cement

1. Lime Stone -High Carbonate & Low Iron.

 2. Clay – High Alumina and Low Iron

3. Oil / Pet Coke / Rubber

What is plaster of Paris?

Plaster of Paris is a well-known chemical compound that is widely used in
sculpting materials and gauze bandages. While we have seen numerous
applications of this substance in our daily lives, Plaster of Paris is a white
powdered chemical compound that is hydrated calcium sulphate that is
typically produced by calcining gypsum. In other words, Plaster of Paris is
often produced using heated gypsum at a high temperature .

Structure of Plaster of Paris:

Plaster of Paris is a chemical compound in which an atom of calcium is
bonded with a combination of an atom of sulphur along with four atoms of
oxygen to form sulphate. It is then bonded with two molecules of water to form
calcium sulphate dihydrate.
Properties of Plaster of Paris
Plaster of Paris portrays the following properties:
 It expands slowly and slightly upon setting.
 It is highly fire-resistant.
 It results in the formation of a thick surface to resist normal knocks
after drying.
 It is easy to spread.
 It is easy to level.
 It does not cause cracking of surfaces.
 It gives a decorative interior finish.

Uses of Plaster of Paris

Plaster of Paris founds its usage in the following areas:

1. 3D Printing: Gypsum plaster can be used for 3D Printing. The water
is applied by the inkjet head.
2. Architecture and Decorations: Plaster of Paris is used to produce
fine artwork for decoration and beautification of monuments and
buildings. It is also used to imitate wood or stone which is found in
ancient buildings and monuments.
3. During Burial Services: Plaster of Paris is used by executives of
funeral houses in order to remake the damaged tissues and fill up the
wounds.
 4. Medicines: It is used as a mould and casts. It is used to heal broken
bones and cast into a supportive coating known as an orthopaedic
cast.
5. Fireproofing and fire protection systems

- PLASTER OF PARIS PRODUCTS

Plaster of Paris does not generally shrink or crack when dry, making it an
excellent medium for casting molds. It is commonly used to precast and hold parts of
ornamental plasterwork placed on ceilings and cornices. It is also used in medicine to
make plaster casts to immobilize broken bones while they heal, though many
modern orthopedic casts are made of fibreglass or thermoplastics. Some sculptors work
directly in plaster of paris, as the speed at which the plaster sets gives the work a sense
of immediacy and enables the sculptor to achieve the original idea quickly.
In medieval and Renaissance times, gesso (usually made of plaster of paris mixed with
glue) was applied to wood panels, plaster, stone, or canvas to provide the ground
for tempera and oil painting.

Plaster of paris is prepared by heating calcium sulfate dihydrate, or gypsum, to 120–180

°C (248–356 °F). With an additive to retard the set, it is called wall, or hard wall,
plaster, which can provide passive fire protection for interior surfaces.

OUR PRODUCT:

Test Done: Compressibility Test

Dimensions:

Diameter=5cm

Length=7.2cm
RESULT:
The max load on the product is obtained for the test = 1.5ton