EX P # 1  Half wave rectification with R load

 Half wave rectification with RL load

Switching Characteristics of
Power Diodes Names: 1) _______________________________

Equipment & Components Required 2) _______________________________

1. Oscilloscope 3) _______________________________
2. Small signal Diode (1N4007)
3. Power Diode (MUR 105) Instructor: ______________________________
4. Resistors (5Ω/5w, 1k Ω) Date: ______________________________
5. Inductor (10mH)
6. Connecting wires
7. Breadboard

Part 1.
Half wave rectification with R load
Circuit Diagram:

Procedure:
1. Connect the circuit shown in figure.
2. Draw the waveforms.
3. Measured the performance parameter given in table 1.1.
4. Simulate the circuit and attached the results
 f=50Hz, Vp =12v rms, volt/div_____, time/div______. (R Load)

VS and Vout without freewheeling Diode

VS and Vout with freewheeling Diode

Part 2.
Half wave rectification with RL load

Circuit Diagram:

Procedure:
1. Connect the circuit shown in figure.
2. Draw the waveforms.
3. Measured the performance parameter given in table 1.1.
4. Simulate the circuit and attached the results

 f=50Hz, Vp =12v rms, volt/div_____, time/div______. (RL Load)

VS and Vout without freewheeling Diode
 VS and Vout with freewheeling Diode

Conclusion:
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 Exp #2 CHARACTERISITCS OF AN S.C.R THYRISTOR

Aim:
 To study the V-I characteristics of S.C.R
 To determine the Break over voltage, on state resistance, Holding current & Latching
current.

Equipment:
Names: 1) ________________________________
Instruments:
Oscilloscope 2) ________________________________
DMM
DC power supply 3) ________________________________
Breadboard
Instructor: _________________________________
Components:
Resistors: 150 Ω/20w Date: ________________________________
Potentiometer: 3k Ω
Thyristor: BT136 (Triac), BT151 (SCR)

Theory:
Thyristors are three-legged semiconductor switching devices which come in the “Semi-
controlled” category. In Off state, Thyristor only allows a tiny leakage current. In On state, the
output current depends on anode to cathode voltage. However, the Thyristor is turned on if two
conditions are fulfilled:
1. Forward biasing of the junction
2. Pulse on the gate pin
To go from on state to off state, the junction needs to be reverse biased. Until it gets
reverse biased, the thyristor will remain on.
Procedure:
1. Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram.
2. The value of gate current IG is set convenient value by adjusting VGG
3. By varying the anode-cathode supply voltage VAA gradually in step by step note down the
corresponding values of VAK and IA. Note down VAK and IA at the instant of firing of
S.C.R and after firing then increase the supply voltage VAA. Note down corresponding
values of VAK and IA
4. The point at which SCR fires without gate pulse gives the value of break over voltage
VBO
5. A graph of VAK V/S IA is to be plotted
6. The on-state resistance can be calculated from the graph by using a formula
7. The gate supply voltage VGG is to be switched off
8. Observe the ammeter reading by reducing the anode-cathode voltage VAA. The point at
which the ammeter reading suddenly goes to zero gives the value of Holding current IH
9. Steps No.2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 are repeated for another value of the gate current.
Table 1.1
IG1=______________mA
S.N0 VAk Volts IA mA
1

10
Table 1.2
IG2=______________mA
S.N0 VAk Volts IA mA
1

10
volt/div_____, time/div______.

volt/div_____, time/div______.
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

1. Explain the working operation of V-I characteristics of SCR

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2. Define the following terms

a) Holding current
b) Latching current
c) On state Resistance
d) Break over voltage
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3. Mention the application of SCR

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Conclusion:
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 Exp # 3 HALF-WAVE CONTROLLED RECTIFICATION USING SCR

Objective:

Equipment: Names: 1) ________________________________

Instruments: 2) _______________________________
Oscilloscope
Transformer 3) _______________________________
DMM
Breadboard Instructor: _______________________________

Date: ______________________________
Components:
Resistors: 150 Ω/20w, 20k Ω, Potentiometer 10K Ω
Capacitor: 100uf
SCR: BT 151
Diodes: Si (3)
Bridge component (1)

Theory:
Thyristor triggering is turning it ON from its OFF state. It is turned ON by
increasing the current flowing through it. To go from on state to off state, the
junction needs to be reverse biased. Another way is to reduce the device current
so that it gets lower than holding current. If enough positive potential is applied at
the Gate Terminal with respect to the cathode, the breakdown of the
junction occurs. Once thyristor starts conducting, the gate cannot turn OFF device
and the thyristor continues to conduct. It turns OFF only when the device
voltage VAK is removed or the current through the device is less than the holding
current. Using a thyristor, we can control the rectification. We change the value of
the potentiometer to change the charging time of the capacitor and change the
value of α.
For R-triggering firing ranges from 00 to 900 and for RC-triggering
firing angle ranges from 00 to 1800

Part (1) HWCR using R-triggering and RC-triggering;

 Half wave Controlled Rectifier

R-triggering ckt;
Measured values
α = 30 Vdc VGA

α = 45

αmax=

RC-triggering ckt;
Measured values
α = 45 Vdc VGA

α = 110

αmax=


Draw the measured output voltage waveform of HWCR for α = 450
 
Draw the measured output voltage waveform of FWCR for α = 1200

Answer the following Questions:

1) Mention different methods of SCR triggering

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2) What are limitations of R-triggering

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3) Why Gate triggering is preferred
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Conclusion:
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 Exp # 4 Characteristics of Thyristor and its Application (Dimmer)

Equipment: Names: 1) ________________________________

Instruments: 2) _______________________________
Oscilloscope
Transformer 3) _______________________________
DMM
Breadboard Instructor: _______________________________

Components: Date: ______________________________

Resistors: 100 Ω/20w, 1 kΩ
Potentiometer: 100 kΩ
Capacitor: 0.1uf
SCR: BT-136
DIAC: DB3
Circuit Diagram

Procedure:
1. Connections are made is shown in Figure.1
2. vary the resistance, R, set firing angles without DIAC (replacing Diac with wire)
3. Note down the value of R for different firing angles. Also Draw the output
waveforms and observe symmetry in the firing angles during positive and negative
cycle.
4. Vary the resistance, R set firing angle with DIAC.
5. Note down the value of R. Also Draw the output waveforms and observe symmetry
in the firing angle during positive and negative cycle.
  Without DIAC

Firing angle Vdc Vdc

+ve cycle -ve cycle
(1) α =
(2) α=

 With DIAC

Firing angle Vdc Vdc

+ve -ve cycle
cycle
α =600


Draw the measured output voltage without DIAC for α =

Draw the measured output voltage without DIAC for α=

 Draw the measured output voltage with DIAC for α=

Conclusion:
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 Experiment # 5 BOOST CONVERTER

Obj: Implementation of Boot converter

Equipment:

Instruments: Names: 1) ________________________________

Oscilloscope
DMM 2) _______________________________
Breadboard
DC Power Supply 3) _______________________________
Function Generator
Instructor: _______________________________
Components:
Resistor, R1=1.8K
Date: ______________________________
RG =470, TL494 IC (8v)
Capacitor, C1=2200UF
Inductor, L1= 10mH
Transistor: Mosfet (IRF530) (GDS)
Diode: Si
Theory:
A boost converter is a DC to DC step up convertor. This circuit works on the ability of
inductor and capacitor to store charge. In this experiment you would study the behavior of Boost
converter.
Cc=d/2fsR, Lc=d (1-d) R/2fs, V0=Vs/ (1-d), Is=I0/ (1-d)
Procedure:
a) Construct the circuit.
b) Apply the input, observe the output, note the reading and plot the graphs.

Circuit Diagram:
Measured Results:
Input Voltage, Vdc 5v 5v 5v
Duty cycle, d 35% 50% 70%
Switching frequency, fs
Output Voltage, Vo

Note:
1) Find the values of C and L when d=50%. C=__________; L=___________
2) Draw the Gate 2 Source Signal, Drain 2 Source signal and output signal, V0 for different
values of duty cycle (d).

Plots:
1) VDS, VGS, Vo for d=35%

2) VDS, VGS, Vo for d=50%

3) VDS, VGS, Vo for d=70%

Conclusion:
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 Experiment # 6 DESIGN OF BUCK CONVERTER

Obj: Implementation of Buck converter

Equipment:
Instruments:
Names: 1)________________________________
Oscilloscope
DMM
2)_______________________________
Breadboard
DC Power Supply
3)_______________________________
Function Generator
Components: Instructor:_______________________________
Resistors:
RL=200 Ohm / Date:______________________________
Capacitor: 1 UF
Inductor: 10 mH
Transistor: NPN
Diode: Si

Theory:
A Buck converter is a step-down DC-Dc converter. The average output voltage V O ranges from 0
to input voltage VIn. The basic circuit for Buck converter is given below.

Fig. Buck Converter

Any switching device can be used for a switch. Preferably a MOSFET is used with a gate drive
circuit for this purpose. The transfer function for a buck converter is.
VO =dVi
Here “d” is the duty cycle. In the above circuit the values for the capacitor and inductor are
selected keeping in mind the critical values. To keep the circuit in Continuous Conduction Mode
(CCM).

Lmin= (1-d) R/2f

Cmin= (1-d) /8Lf2
Calculated Results:
Input Voltage, Vdc 12V 12V 12V
Duty cycle, d
Switching frequency, fs 10kHz 10kHz 10kHz
Output Voltage, Vo
Measured Results:
Input Voltage, Vdc 12V 12V 12V
Duty cycle, d 35% 50% 70%
Switching frequency, fs 10kHz 10kHz 10kHz
Output Voltage, Vo

Note:
1) Find the values of C and L. C=__________; L=___________
2) Draw the Gate to Gnd Signal for different values of duty cycle (d).
3) Simulate the circuit and plot the result.

1) d=

2) d=

3) d=
Conclusion:
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 Experiment # 7 DESIGN OF BUCK-BOOST
CONVERTER

Equipment: Names: 1) _______________________________

Instruments:
Oscilloscope 2)_______________________________
DMM
Breadboard 3)_______________________________
Function generator
Components: Instructor: _______________________________
RL =500 Ohm
C= 570uF Date: _______________________________
L= 10mH
Transistor: NMOSFET (IRF530), BJT
Diode: Si
Theory:
A buck-boost convertor is a DC to DC convertor which can step up or step down the
voltage from a fixed DC supply. In buck-boost converter the polarity of output voltage is
opposite to that of the input voltage. The transfer function for buck-boost converter is:
V0/Vi = - D / (1-D)
To design buck-boost converter in CCM mode, the critical values of inductance and
capacitance are given:
C = D / (2fR)

L = (1-D) R / (2f)
Circuit Diagram:
Calculated Results:
Input Voltage, Vdc 5V 5V 5V
Duty cycle, d
Switching frequency, fs
Output Voltage, Vo
Measured Results:
Input Voltage, Vdc 5V 5V 5V
Duty cycle, d
Switching frequency, fs
Output Voltage, Vo

1. Explain the roles of the following components in the circuit.

Inductor :
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Capacitor:
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Transistor :
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Diode:
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Note:
1. Compare the calculated and measured results
2. Draw the waveform where necessary and write your Conclusion.

Conclusion:
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 Experiment # 8 MOSFET & IGBT characteristics

Equipment:

Instruments: Names: 1) _______________________________

2 x DC power Supply
2 x Digital Multimeters 2)_______________________________

Components: 3)_______________________________
IGBT
MOSFET Instructor: _______________________________
100 ohm 5W resistor
1k ohm resistor Date: _______________________________

Circuit Diagram:

1. An Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor is a Power transistor having benefits of both

MOSFETs and BJTs. This device is commonly used in industries because of its high-
power ratings and minimal losses. In this experiment you would be assessing the
characteristics of an IGBT. Construct the circuit shown and follow the steps given below.
2. Find the I-V characteristics of MOSFET & IGBT. Fill the table below.
VGE =
Vc VCE VR1 IC= VR1 /R1
0.5
1
2
3
4
5
6
 8
10
VGE =
Vc VCE VR1 IC= VR1 /R1
0.5
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
10

3. Plot a graph of IC vs VCE. (VGE=7v & 10v)

Conclusions:
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 Experiment # 09, 10 GENERATION OF PWM SIGNALS USING TL494
a) Single ended mode
b) Push pull mode

Equipment:

Instrument:
2 x DC power Supply Names: 1)________________________________
Digital Multimeters
Oscilloscope 2)_______________________________

Components: 3)_______________________________
IC: TL494
R: 470ohm (2) Instructor:_______________________________

Date:______________________________
 Experiment # 11 BOOST CONVERTER WITH
FEEDBACK

Obj: Implementation of Boost converter with feedback

Equipment:
Names: 1)________________________________
Instruments:
Oscilloscope 2)_______________________________
DMM
Breadboard 3)_______________________________
DC Power Supply
Function Generator Instructor:_______________________________
Components: Date:______________________________
IC: TL494
Resistor: R1=1.8k ohm,
R2 and RG =470ohm
Capacitor: C1=2200UF
Inductor: L= 10mH
Transistor: Mosfet (IRF530) (GDS)
Diode: Si

Measured Results:
Vref Vf Error Vo Vs d

Conclusions:
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 Experiment # 12 BUCK CONVERTER WITH FEEDBACK

Obj: Implementation of Buck converter

Equipment:
Names: 1)________________________________

Instruments: 2)_______________________________
Oscilloscope
DMM 3)_______________________________
Breadboard
DC Power Supply Instructor:_______________________________
Function Generator
Components: Date:______________________________
IC: TL494
Resistors:
470 ohm (2)
RL=200 Ohm
Capacitor: 1 UF
Inductor: 10 mH
Transistor: NPN
Diode: Si

Measured Results:
Vref Vf Error Vo Vs d

Conclusions:
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 Experiment # 13 BUCK-BOOST CONVERTER WITH FEEDBACK

Equipment: Names: 1)________________________________

2)_______________________________
Instruments:
Oscilloscope 3)_______________________________
DMM
Breadboard Instructor:_______________________________
Function generator
Components: Date:______________________________
TL494
470 ohm (2)
RL =500 Ohm
C= 570uF
L= 10mH
Transistor: NMOSFET (IRF530), BJT
Diode: Si

Measured Results:

Vref Vf Error Vo Vs d

Conclusions:
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 Experiment #14 Single phase Inverter

Objective:
DC-to-AC converter
Instruments and components:
 2 x DC power Supply
 MOSFET (IRF530)
 500Ω resistor, LED(2)
 IR2104, TL494
 Digital Multimeters
1) Part A. Single Phase Inverter
1) Construct the circuit shown below.
2) Observe the brightness of LED.
3) Draw the waveforms.
4) Write your conclusion.
Circuit diagram:

Conclusion:
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